concrete

- research work september 25

2 aspects

- methods how to install erect stuff, methodology of beams

- materials

common material
1. concrete
2. masonry
3. steel high rises
4. wood durable diverse , structural, arc fini
concrete masonry can be group into 1 identity

common ar. elements

enclosure , roof, openings (negative areas)

site works , how to prepare site and erection of structural members

concrete
- composite matrial, made up of different material, binding medium , aggregates,
cement and water aggreagates = concrete, water portland cement water binder,
- aggregate solid materials

ASTM standardization , all materials based american society

ASTM int , BPS bureau of standards philippines

- puro = cement paste , palitada,

- cement mortar ,addition of sand , more coursed , acts like a paste, more durable
- masonry mortar
- concrete

gravel large

why need course aggregates , afdd strength , more adaptive,

colosseum , masonry , concrete , more durable, ozolano, volcanic ash,

reinforced concrerte types

- stressed concrete, steel stretched , versatile

advant of concrete
- compressive, shrinks, weak tensile
- resistance of fire and water
- rigid, limited variety of uses
- low maintenance
- very long service life
- most appropriate for substructure, very earth like
- cast into shapes
- local material availability
- local labor availability

disadvant
- very low tensile strength
- fromwork requirement, 30%cost
- shoring and reshoring,
- heavy ex. dead loads
- large inefficient for tall and long span
- control precision,
- shrinkage and creep

density
wood - 500
brick masonry - 2000
structural steel - 7850
concrete - 2400

- hydraulic cement, absorbs water

-

grinding mill
slurry

key terms
phyro processing , process in wjich the slurry and dr.. enters the kiln, 1500 to
produce klinker is the cement but not grounded, clinker gypsum to not solidifize

portland cement types

- additives additional letters

type 5 , high sulfate

28 days maximum strength curing cement
expand molecules

cure, must be well hydrated

air allows enough space to expand

fly ash = coal ash

bleeding = escape of water to concrete

leatens

granulated most used

expansive fill in loss

waterproofing

hydrostatic pressure, steady water

- water table , aquifers goes into this

oi well, resist oil

sieve - bistay
normal - mineral filler mot acceptible

ite - iron element

important
normal weight, less water higher compressive strength

tiple a class d
clumn beams
how to join
any orientation
name and block