STUDY OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this experiment is to connect the RS-232 ports of two computers
using IR transmitter and IR receiver, transmit data from one computer and
receive the same data on the other computer.

EQUIPMENTS:

• DCT-03 Kit
• 9 Pin D connector Cables – 2 Nos.
• Power Supply
• Computers-PC, Intel Celeron and above - 2 Nos. (Minimum Configuration)

THEORY:

Infrared wireless communication is achieved using transmitters/receivers

(transceivers) that modulate noncoherent infrared light. Transceivers must be
within the line of sight of each other either directly or via reflection from a light
colored surface such as the ceiling of a room.
In wireless communication, the serial data is modulated at a carrier frequency of
38 KHz. The RS-232 serial data simply controls the carrier frequency by turning
the carrier ON/OFF according to the DC level of the serial data.
A 38 KHz carrier frequency is available during the ON time or high level of input
where as no carrier during OFF time or low level of input. This modulated signal
is fed to IR LED using a transistorized driver circuit.
The receiver is an IR detector module, which filters out the 38 KHz carrier from
the IR signal waves. Thus at the TTL OUT post of IR receiver section, the actual
serial data is being reconstructed with no carrier present. Using this experimental
set up, a baud rate of 110 bps to 2400 bps can be achieved on RS-232 serial
port.

The free air IR data transmission, IR remote control as well as the most opto
electronic sensors and light barrier systems work with a wavelength between
870nm and 950nm. The emitter and detector components are highly efficient in
this IR wavelength band and can be manufactured at low cost. Data transmission
in free space places a high demand for interference immunity on the IR receiving
modules. The receiver unit (waiting to receive signals) is loaded with different
optical and electromagnetic disturbances, omni-present in the ambient
environment or generated by the electrical appliance itself. All optical sources
with an emission spectrum in the receiving bandwidth (830nm –1100nm) of the
detector can be considered as disturbing sources. These are mainly fluorescent
lamps, incandescent lamps and sunlight. Sometimes also plasma displays emit
significantly in the optical band of the IR transmission. As an emitter for the IR
signal, various IR emitting diodes with high brightness and efficiency are
available. The IR emitter with a wavelength of 950nm matches best with the
TSOP IR receivers. The maximum possible transmission distance of an IR
remote control system depends on various parameters. Mainly it is the radiant
intensity of the emitter (Ie) and the sensitivity of the receiver (Eemin). Additionally
the reflective conditions of the test room, the optical transmittance of windows or
light guides in front of the receiver and the disturbance conditions influence the
distance.

TX D TTL CN4
CN3 D
COM1 TD1 IN IR E
OUT RD2 COM2 PC2
RS-232 R RX2 T RS-232
I TRANS
TRANS E
PC1 V C RECEIVER
RECEIVER
E T SERIAL CABLE
SERIAL CABLE R O
COM PORT
COM PORT TX2 R

IR TRANSMITTER IR RECEIVER

RD1 TD2

SF 1
OFF ON
OFF
RTS1 CTS2
ON
CTS1 RTS2
SWITCH FAULTS
SW4

BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR STUDY OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION.

PROCEDURE:

• Refer to the fig. and connect the power supply with proper polarity to DCT-
03 kit and while connecting, ensure that it is off.
• Keep all switch faults in off position.
• Connect 9 Pin D connector Cable between one computer COM port and
CN3 connector and second 9 Pin D connector Cable between another
computer COM port and CN4 connector.
• Connect the TD1 post to TX post of Fiber Optic transmitter.
• Connect the TTL OUT post of IR receiver to RD2 post.
• Connect the RD1 post to TD2 post.
• Keep the switch setting of SW4 towards ON position.
• Switch ON the power supply and both the computers.
• Run DCT-03 software on both computers.
• Select Serial Communication Software link on both computers.
• This will provide link to hyper terminal software.
• Open the previously stored connection (e.g. pc1 or pc2).
• To start communication between the two PCs, click on the TRANSFER
Menu and again click on Send File. A window will be prompted having title
Send File with File Name and Protocol.
• Select Browse for the file, which you would like to send to the PC
connected. Select the file and click on Open. The file name and address
will be displayed in the small window. Then select the Protocol (optional
use: protocols are X modem, Y modem and 1K X modem etc.)
• To receive the file on the PC, click on the TRANSFER Menu and again
click on Receive File. A window will be prompted having title Receive File
with location at which you want to store the Received file and Receiving
Protocol.
• Select Browse for the location where you would like to store the received
file. Select the folder and click OK. The folder name and address will be
displayed in the small window. Protocol to be selected should be same as
kept at transmitting PC.
• On the PC from which the selected file to be transmitted, click SEND
button. A window will open showing file transfer status. Immediately at the
Receiving PC, click on Receive (otherwise Time Out Error will be
displayed and communication will fail) .You will see a window showing that
file is being received in the form of packets.
• Put obstruction between IR transmitter and detector and observe the
effect. File transmission stops.
• Remove the obstruction. Again file transfer resumes.
• After file is transferred, both the windows in the (transmitting & receiving
PCs) will close. Check for the received file in the folder where the file is
stored.