WEEKLY HOME LEARNING PLAN

YEAR LEVEL : Grade 11

TRACK : GAS
LEARNING AREA : Philippine Politics and Governance
MODE OF DELIVERY: Distance Learning Modality
GENERAL Instruction: Read and understand the concepts discussed on Module 3 in a self-paced
manner.
Requirement : Notebook

Output to
Most Essential
Day & be
Learning Learner's Tasks / Responsibility
Time Submitted
Competency
on Friday
BREAK TIME
10:30 AM -
(Preparation of modules, learning activity sheets,
11:00 AM
notebooks, etc.)
Task Answer the PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY, Output:
Analyze the
11:00 AM - 1 : write your answers in your notebook LEARNE
nature,
12:00 NN Task Answer the WHAT IT IS, write your answers R
dimensions
2 : In your notebook ACTIVIT
/types, and
12:00 NN - Y SHEET
consequences of LUNCH BREAK
1:00 PM (TASK 3
power
Answer the LEARNERS ACTIVITY Only)
3:00 PM- Task SHEET and PERFORMANCE
5:00 PM 3: ACTIVITY, Write your answer on a sheet of
paper (intermediate paper)

Lesson 3 NATURE OF POWER

WHAT IS THIS ALL ABOUT?

Your teachers, parents, and the government have forms of power over you wherever you are.
A teacher controls your grades which controls whether you move on or not. A government makes
laws that restrict you from doing things. Parents govern what responsibilities you have and what you
can’t and can do but only you and no one else. In other words, power exists in any forms.

Power is usually identified as the ability to influence people’s behavior by getting people do
what the person wants. It shapes and control people’s attitude towards the leader and the governing
system. In this lesson, we will talk more about power, its nature, definition, and types.
WHAT DO YOU EXPECT TO LEARN?

Content Standard:
 The learners demonstrate an understanding of politics and political science,
governance, political ideologies, power, states, nations, and globalization.

Performance Standard:
 The learners clearly identify a specific political phenomenon and how it can
be studied.

Objectives:
After the lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. define power;
2. explain the nature of power; and
3. identify the types of power.

PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY

What do you think is the picture trying to imply? Write your ideas in not less
than 5 sentences.

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 WHAT IS POWER?

It is not easy to explain the meaning of ‘Power’, more particularly in the context of human
relations. We are encountered with many different explanations in various disciplines. Even within a
single social discipline, Power is defined in several different ways.

Some social scientists define it as the use of force whereas many others explain it as the
capacity to secure the desired goals through the use of force or threat of use of force or even by
exercising influence.

1. “Power is the power of man on others” and as a “man’s control over the minds and
actions of other men.” —Morgenthau

2. “Power is the capacity to impose one’s will on others by reliance on effective sanctions in
case of non-compliance.” —Schwarzenberger

3. “Power is the ability to exercise such control as to make others do what they otherwise
would not do by rewarding or promising to reward them, or by depriving or threatening
to deprive them of something they value.” —Charles P. Schleicher

On the basis of these definitions we can say that power in the context of human relations is the
capacity and ability to secure a desired and intended effect or gain by means of use of force,
influence or control.

Moreover, power is the capacity of an individual to influence the actions, beliefs, or conduct
(behavior) of others. The term "authority" is often used for power that is perceived as legitimate by
the social structure. Power can be seen as evil or unjust. However, power can also be seen as good and
as something inherited or given for exercising humanistic objectives that will help, move, and
empower others as well. In general, it is derived by the factors of interdependence between two
entities and the environment.

“Power
According to Aristotle is the
in his ability
Politics, theretoare
make otherwhere
situations people do in
power what one wants
government them
is corrupted
by the personal and selfish goals of individuals, Because toofdo”.
these egoistic goals, individuals pursue
laws and intervene with social services to achieve personal rather than communal gains. In studying
politics, we must be aware and accept the fact that power, as a central concept, is dynamic and has
different forms, depending on who is imposing power and how that power is expressed.

TYPES OF POWER

Power comes from numerous sources, each of which has different effects on the targets of
that power. Some originate from individual characteristics; others draw on aspects of an organization's
structure. There are six types of power that include legitimate, referent, expert, reward, coercive,
and informational.
(1) Legitimate Power
It is also known as "positional power". This is the power individuals have from their role
and status within an organization. Legitimate power usually involves formal authority delegated to the
holder of the position.
For example, the president of a corporation has certain powers because of the office he holds
in the corporation.
(2) Referent Power
Referent power originates from the ability of individuals to attract others and build their
faithfulness. It is based on the personality and interpersonal skills of the power holder. A person may
be admired because of a specific personal mannerism, such as charisma or likability, and these
positive feelings become the basis for interpersonal influence.
For example, Kyle is the Production Manager of a big consumer electronics firm. He has a
strong leadership within his subordinates that comes from a positive attitude, a strong knowledge of
the field and a charismatic way to transmit ideas. Since Kyle took the job, the company’s production
figures have increased tremendously and the Board of Directors is very pleased with what he does.
An external consulting firm evaluated Kyle’s performance and concluded that he developed a
strong referent power throughout the whole organization and this assessment created new
opportunities for Kyle’s career. He is set to be the next CEO of the company if he keeps delivering
such great results.
(3) Expert Power
Expert power draws from a person's ability and knowledge and is especially strong when an
organization has a high need for them. Narrower than most sources of power, the power of an expert
typically applies only in the specific area of the person's expertise and credibility.
As an example, consider a company that sells all of their products online. At 3pm on a Friday
afternoon their database crashes. Employees leave at 6pm, and many of them can’t work later as they
have flights booked for a weekend away etc. In this situation the manager is facing the prospect of lost
sales not just for that night, but for the whole weekend.
This scenario would cost the company hundreds of thousands of dollars in lost sales. Now
suppose that a relatively junior engineer said they could fix the problem temporarily, at least for the
weekend, in just two hours. All of the sudden this relatively junior engineer holds all the power, at
least for the next two hours.
In fact, the power dynamic has been completely turned upside down, with the manager at the
mercy of the junior engineer whilst the problem is being resolved.
(4) Reward Power
Reward power comes from the ability to bestow valued material rewards or create other
positive incentives. It refers to the extent to which the individual can provide external motivation to
others through benefits or gifts.
Examples of rewards include bonus, pay rise, extra time off, company car, gifts, increased
responsibility, recognition, praise, a discount on the company’s products or services.
 There are two types of rewards – tangible and intangible. Tangible rewards include such
things as bonuses and pay rises, whereas intangible rewards include such things as praise and
increased responsibility.
(5) Coercive Power
Coercive power is the menace and application of sanctions and other negative outcomes.
These can include direct punishment or the withholding of desired resources or rewards. Coercive
power relies on fear to induce compliance.
For example, Mr. Gerard is the Marketing Manager of a company called All Men Clothing
Co. The company sales men apparel through its website and social media. Mr. Gerard is in charge of
supervising the Social Media Department, led by Mr. Warren. The owners of the company recently
demanded from Mr. Gerard an increase of sales coming from social media platforms.
In order to achieve this goal, Mr. Gerard approached Mr. Warren and set a goal for his
department to increase sales by 10% in the next 3 months. Mr. Gerard said that if the goal wasn’t met
in that period some of the people working in the department (including Mr. Warren) might lose their
jobs.
The fact that Mr. Gerard established the possibility of losing the job is the main indication
that he is using coercive power to achieve the goal set by the owners. By threatening the department
with this, he is putting pressure on them to work harder in order to achieve this goal.
(6) Informational Power
Informational power derives from access to facts and knowledge that others find helpful or
valuable. That access can signify relationships with other power holders and convey status that creates
a positive impression. Informational power has numerous benefits in building credibility and rational
persuasion. It may also serve as the basis for beneficial exchanges with others who seek that
information.
For example, a project manager may have all the information for a specific project, and that
will give her "informational power." But it's hard for a person to keep this power for long, and
eventually this information will be released. This should not be a long-term strategy.

WHAT IT IS

Making Sense

I. Answer the following question succinctly.

1. Is power always positive? Negative? Both?
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2. What is the purpose of power?
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3. Make your own ‘hugot line’ or pick up line’ about the concept of power.
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II. In box 1, identify a person who has power over you; in box 2 whom you have power
over. Describe what would happen if one does not respect power or misuses it. Write
your answer on the lines beside the boxes.
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1.
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YOU

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2. __________________________________________
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Beyond the Wall

Make a proposal for a simple method of controlling or checking the power of the
government to stop corruption.

LEARNERS ACTIVITY SHEET #3

Activity 1
I. Give your explanations on the following quotations about power.
1. “With great power, comes with great responsibility”.
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2. “Power doesn’t corrupt people, people corrupt power”.

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II. Give six instances where each of the types of power as discussed above is expressed.

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5. ___________________________________________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________________________________________

PERFORMANCE TASK-Activity 2: Draw me a Picture

Direction: In the box below, draw an editorial cartoon showing how power is utilized by
groups or individuals in society. Write a brief explanation of your drawing below.

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Editorial Cartoon Rubric:

Criteria Excellent Good Adequate Inadequate

(10 points) (8 points) (6 points) (4 points)
Ethical dilemma Shows clear Shows Show some Shows no
understanding of understanding of undestanding of understanding of
political political political political
concept/issue concept/issue concepts/issue concept/issue
Way topic is Student’s point of Students Students Students point of
covered view is clearly viewpoint is viewpoint is view is poorly
 conveyed discernible marginally conveyed
conveyed
Visual Text and graphics Text and graphics Students Text and graphics
Presentation are clearly legible are legible and viewpoint are are illegible
and outstanding neatly presented somewhat legible
presented

REFERENCES

Civil Service India (2020). Concept of Power, Hegemony, Ideology and Legitimacy. Retrieved
from https://www.civilserviceindia.com/subject/Political-Science/notes/concept- of-power-
hegemony-ideology-and-legitimacy.html
Francisco, P. & Francisco, V. (2016). Philippine Politics and Governance for Senior High
School. Mindshappers Co., Inc., Intamuros, Manila.
Nitisha (2017). Power and Authority: Definition, Nature and Theory. Retrieved from
https://www.politicalsciencenotes.com/articles/power-and-authority-definition- nature-and-
theory/795
University of Political Science (2020). The Encyclopedia of Political Science. Retrieved from
https://www.politicalscienceview.com/concept-of-power-in-political-science/