MATH REVIEWER for 4th Graders

Converting Mixed Fractions to Improper Fractions

To change a mixed number to an improper fraction, follow these steps:
1. Multiply the whole number by the denominator.
2. Add that number to the numerator.
3. Write that sum on top of the original denominator.
3
Let's try it with 2 . First, multiply the whole number by the denominator.
4

2x4=8
Next, add that number to the numerator.
8 + 3 = 11
3 11
So, 2 is the same as
4 4
Converting Improper Fractions to Mixed Fractions
To change an improper fraction to a mixed number, follow these steps:
1. Divide the numerator by the denominator.
2. Write down the whole number part of the quotient.
3. Take the remainder and write it over the original denominator.
9
Let's try it with . First, divide.
4

9
4
= 9 ÷ 4 = 2 r1

Write down the whole number part, 2. Then take the remainder and write it over the original denominator. That's your answer!
9 1
So, is the same as 2
4 4
Adding and Subtracting Fractions with Like Denominators
 Adding
To add fractions with like denominators, add the numerators, and write the sum over the denominator.
4 3
Example: Find + . Since the denominators are the same, add the numerators. Denominator stays the same .
9 9
4+ 3 7
=
9 9
 Subtracting
To subtract fractions with like denominators, subtract the numerators, and write the difference over the denominator.
5 4
Example: Find - . Since the denominators are the same, subtract the numerators. Denominator stays the same.
7 7
5−4 1
=
7 7
REMINDER:
You may get an answer which is not in lowest terms , even if the fractions you were adding and subtracting both were. In this case,
you have to reduce the fraction .

Adding and Subtracting Fractions with Unlike Denominators

Follow the following steps to add or subtract fractions with unlike denominators:

Step 1: Find the Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) between the denominators.
Step 2: Multiply the numerator and denominator of each fraction by a number so that they have the LCM as their denominator.
Step 3: Add or subtract the numerators and keep the denominator the same.
Step 4: If the fraction is an improper form, reduce the fraction to a mixed number.

7 3
Example: Subtract the fractions, - .
6 8
Step 1: List the multiples of 6 and 8.
Multiples of 6: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48
Multiples of 8: 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56
The Lowest Common Multiple between 6 and 8 is 24.
Step 2:
7
a) We need to find a number that when multiplied to the top and bottom of , we get the LCM (24) as the new denominator.
6
7 x? ?
=
6 x ? 24
Since 6 x 4 = 24, we need to multiply the numerator and the denominator by 4.
7 x 4 28
=
6 x 4 24

7 28
Thus, is equivalent to .
6 24
3
b) We need to find a number that when multiplied to the top and bottom of , we get the LCM (24) as the new denominator.
8
3x ? ?
=
8 x ? 24
Since 8 x 3 = 24, we need to multiply the numerator and the denominator by 3.
7 x3 9
=
6 x 3 24

3 9
Thus, is equivalent to .
8 24
Step 3: Since our fractions now have equal sized slices, we can subtract their numerators.
Thus, we now have
28 9 19
- =
24 24 24

Fraction: A Part of a Whole Number

2
Example: What is of 20?
5
Step 1: Divide
Step 2: Multiply

Divide the whole number by the denominator.

Multiply the answer by the numerator.
2
Thus, of 20 is 8.
5
 5
Example: What is of 5?
6

Step 1: Multiply
Step 2: Divide

Multiply the whole number by the numerator.

Divide by the denominator.

5 1
Thus, of 5 is 4 .
6 6

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Thank you!