STRUCTURAL DEFECTS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
 Appendix – I
STRUCTURAL REPAIR ITEM- SPECIFICATIONS AND ITS METHODOLOGY

Item Problem Solution Specification Unit Quantity

No.

Item Damaged RCC Repair using Providing pre-packed, Quantity as

No. Column, beam structural grade single component per site
and slab high-build structural grade mortar
1 measurement
Polymer Pagel-U40 (upto 40 mm
( This item is modified thk.) / Pagel-U80 (upto 80
recommended for Mortar mm thk.) of M/S Pidilite
Industries Ltd OR
category-2, refer
MasterEmaco S-5300
Table-III ) (formerly Emaco
Nancocrete R3) of M/S
BASF company OR
Renderoc S of M/S
FOSROC company OR
Sikacrete of M/S Sika
company; the product with
ultimate strength of 60
N/mm2. Water/powder
ratio of 0.11-0.12 to be
maintained at all times.
Storing, mixing &
application to be done
strictly in accordance with
the manufacturer’s
instructions. Applicator
should ensure complete
surface preparation of
concrete substrate prior to
using structural grade
mortar. As directed by
Engineer-in-charge.
Furnishing and covering
guarantee of 10 years on
court stamp paper of Rs.
100/- and necessary testing
etc. complete.

Item Cracks in floor- Repair using High-build mortar for Quantity as

No. slab, General Polymer general repairs : Providing per site
purpose patch modified pre-packed, single
2 measurement
repairing, surface Mortar component general
 -Honeycombs purpose mortar Dr. Fixit
Pinholes in magic mortar of M/S
concrete Pidilite Industries Ltd OR
MasterEmaco S 5300
( This item is (formerly Emaco
recommended for Nancocrete R3) of M/S
General repairing) BASF company OR
Renderoc S of M/S
FOSROC company OR
Sikacrete of M/S Sika
company; the thickness
should not exceed 40 mm
in a single application
without the use of a
bonding agent in vertical
& overhead situations,
when applied on an
adequately prepared
surface preparation. Water-
powder ratio of 0.17-0.20
to be maintained at all
times. Storing, mixing &
application to be done
strictly in accordance with
the manufacturer’s
instructions. Applicator
should ensure complete
surface preparation of
concrete substrate prior to
using mortar. As directed
by Engineer-in-charge.
Furnishing and covering
guarantee of 10 years on
court stamp paper of Rs.
100/- and necessary testing
etc. complete.

Item Severely damaged Structural Micro-concrete for Quantity as

No. Column, beam- grade jacketing / encasement : per site
slab / Jacketing / Micro- Providing pre-packed,
3 measurement
Encasing Concrete single component
application structural grade micro-
concrete Dr. Fixit Micro
( This item is Concrete of M/S Pidilite
recommended for Industries Ltd OR
MasterEmaco S 5300
category-1, refer
(formerly Emaco
Table-III ) Nancocrete R3) of M/S
 BASF company OR
Renderoc S of M/S
FOSROC company OR
Sikacrete of M/S Sika
company; the product with
ultimate strength of 60
N/mm2. Water/powder
ratio of 0.15-0.16 to be
maintained at all times.
Storing, mixing &
application to be done
strictly in accordance with
the manufacturer’s
instructions. Applicator
should ensure complete
surface preparation of
concrete substrate prior to
using micro Concrete. As
directed by Engineer-in-
charge.
Furnishing and covering
guarantee of 10 years on
court stamp paper of Rs.
100/- and necessary testing
etc. complete.

Item Honey-combing, Injection Injection grouting –Dr. Quantity as

No. Cracks in RCC Grouting Fixit “PU Foam-Injection” per site
columns, beams
4 (Poly-Urethane of M/s Pidilite Industries measurement
and slab
Grout) Ltd OR MasterInject 1330
( This item is (formerly Concresive
recommended for 1330/1336) of M/S BASF
General repairing) company OR Nitofil LV
/TH of M/S FOSROC
company OR Sika
Injection systems of M/S
Sika company; The
application may be carried
out in a staggered manner
or in a grid pattern as
desired by the Engineer in-
charge. Storing, mixing &
application to be done
strictly in accordance with
the manufacturer’s
instructions. Applicator
should ensure complete
surface preparation of
 concrete substrate prior to
grouting. As directed by
Engineer-in-charge.
Furnishing and covering
guarantee of 10 years on
court stamp paper of Rs.
100/- and necessary testing
etc. complete.

Item Rusting / Corrosion Providing 2 coats of a two Quantity as

No. Corrosion of steel protection to components zinc-rich anti- per site
5 reinforcement steel substrate corrosive primer Dr. Fixit measurement
– Cathodic Epoxy Zinc Primer of M/S
( This item is
protection. Pidilite Industries Ltd OR
recommended for
(Epoxy -Zinc MasterEmaco P 5000 AP
General repairing)
protective (formerly Emaco
coating) Nanocrete AP) of M/S
NOTE : when steel-
BASF company OR
reinforcements are Renderoc Primer of M/S
highly corroded ( FOSROC company OR
Sika FerroGard of M/S
it’s original dia.
Sika company; Appling to
reduces by 1mm or provide a dry film
more by scalling/ thickness of at least 40 μ to
rust on re-bar the reinforcement bars.
Application to be carried
surface) then the
out using a brush in 2 coats
entire re-bar shall over the steel substrate at
have to be replaced an interval of 4-6 hours.
Storing, mixing &
by its original dia.
application to be done
new re-bar. strictly in accordance with
the manufacturer’s
instructions. Applicator
should ensure complete
surface preparation of steel
substrate prior to applying
anti-corrosive primer. As
directed by Engineer-in-
charge.
Furnishing and covering
guarantee of 10 years on
court stamp paper of Rs.
100/- and necessary testing
etc. complete.
 STRUCTURAL REPAIRS - METHODOLOGY

Item No.1 and 2 : Repair using structural grade high-build Polymer modified Mortar

Item No.1 : Damaged RCC Column, beam and slab

Item No.2 : General purpose patch repairing, surface –Honeycombs, Cracks
Equipment:-
 Slow-speed drill fitted with a paddle
 Gloves
 Painting brush
 Steel trowel

Surface preparation:-
 Mark the damaged area in a suitable geometric pattern
 Mark the area clearly
 Cut the whole area using a mechanical saw or suitable mechanical means
 Remove all the loose mortar
 Break out more if required to get the sound substrate
Clean the rebar & substrate:-
 Steel reinforcement must be cleaned thoroughly using mechanical means – Sand
blasting/scrubbing
 Alternatively Rust Remover may also be used to clean the re-bar of rust
 Ensure the substrate is free of all laitance, oil & loose particles
 Thoroughly soak the substrate with clean water & drain out the excess water

Priming the rebar:-

 Prime the rebar using cathodic corrosion-protection coating for steel substrate
 Alternatively, prime the rebar using cementitious corrosion-protection coating for steel
substrates
 Apply 2 coats using a suitable brush to cover the entire rebar
Priming the substrate:-
 Choice of bonding agent depends on the criticality of repairs.
 For general repairs, Acrylic or SBR based bonding agents may be. In critical situations
epoxy based bonding agents are recommended.
 Brush-apply the coating uniformly on the entire area
 Ensure the reinstating mortar is applied within the stipulated open time of the bonding
agent

Mixing of Repair Mortar:-

 Choice of repair mortar depends on the nature of application & intended use of the
structure
  Mix the mortar using a slow speed drill fitted with a mixing paddle at the prescribed w/p
ratio
 Ensure continuous mixing for 3-5 mins for a uniform consistency

Application:-
 Ensure the bonding agent is still tacky before commencing the mortar
application
 Apply the mortar using a trowel or by hand in the required area
 Ensure the space behind the reinforcement is thoroughly compacted with the
mortar
 Gradually build up thickness to complete the entire area

Finishing & curing:-

 Level & finish the area using a straight edge
 Cure adequately using a suitable curing compound or water in case of hot/humid
weather conditions

Flowchart for Item No.1 and 2

Break open the loose & damaged concrete

Remove rust scales using a wire brush or suitable mechanical means

Apply a single coat of Rust Remover over the cleaned re-bar surface

Wash the re-bar with clean water within 30 minutes & wipe it dry

Apply 2 coats of Primer (cathodic corrosion-protection coating) in a span of 4

hours over the treated re-bar & allow to dry for 6 hours

Clean all loose laitence on the concrete substrate & apply 1 coat of Bonding
Agent

Mix at water to powder ratio of 0.11-0.13. Trowel/hand apply the mortar on

the prepared substrate whilst the bonding agent is still tacky (20-30 mins)

Finish to level & cure adequately

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Item No.3 : Repair using structural grade Micro-Concrete, Severely damaged Column, beam-
slab / Jacketing / Encasing application

Equipment:-
 Slow-speed drill fitted with a paddle
 Gloves
 Water-tight shuttering y Painting brush
 Steel trowel

Surface preparation:-
 Mark the damaged area in a suitable geometric pattern
 Mark the area clearly
 Cut the whole area using a mechanical saw or suitable mechanical means
 Remove all the loose mortar

Clean the rebar & substrate:-

 Steel reinforcement must be cleaned thoroughly using mechanical means – Sand
blasting/scrubbing
 Alternatively Rust Remover may also be used to clean the re-bar of rust y Ensure the
substrate is free of all laitance, oil & loose particles
 Thoroughly soak the substrate with clean water & drain out the excess water Priming the
rebar

Prime the rebar using:-

 Cathodic corrosion-protection coating for steel substrate
 Alternatively, prime the rebar using cementitious corrosion-protection coating for
steel substrates
 Apply 2 coats using a suitable brush to cover the entire rebar

Priming the substrate:-

 For Jacketing applications the bonding agent selected should have a high open time
which allows the primer to be tacky for a longer duration & permits the erection of
formwork
 In such critical situations epoxy based bonding agents are recommended
 Brush-apply the coating uniformly on the entire area
 Ensure the reinstating mortar is applied within the stipulated open time of the bonding
agent
 In cases where priming is not possible, pre-soak the substrate completely prior to
concreting

Mixing of Repair Mortar:-

 Mix Micro Concrete using a slow speed drill fitted with a mixing paddle at the prescribed
w/p ratio
  Ensure continuous mixing for 3-5 mins for a uniform consistency
Erection of Formwork:-
 Erect formwork ensuring that the unrestrained surface area of the repair is kept to a
minimum
 Provide suitable access points to pour or pump the mixed micro-concrete
 The formwork should include drainage outlets for pre-soaking air-venting
Application:-
 Pour the mortar using a suitable hopper into the water-tight formwork
 Ensure to tamp the formwork from outside occasionally to release the entrapped air
 Gradually complete the pouring till the desired level
 Finishing & curing
 Post de-shuttering, cure adequately using a suitable curing compound or water in case of
hot/humid weather conditions

Flowchart for Item No. 3

Break open the loose & damaged concrete

Remove rust scales using a wire brush or suitable mechanical means

Apply a single coat of Rust Remover over the cleaned re-bar surface

Wash the re-bar with clean water within 30 minutes & wipe it dry

Apply 2 coats of Primer (cathodic corrosion-protection coating) in a span of 4

hours over the treated re-bar & allow to dry for 6 hours

Clean all loose laitance on the concrete substrate & saturate the substrate with
water prior to pouring micro-concrete

Erect suitable watertight shuttering around the repair area

Mix Micro Concrete at a water to powder ratio of 0.14-0.16 using a slow

speed drill & pour it using a hopper whilst the bonding agent is still tacky (4-5
hrs)

De-shutter after 24 hours & cure adequately

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Item No.4 : Injection Grouting, for Honey-combing, Cracks in RCC Column, beam and slab

Drill grouting holes on pre-determined spots:-

 Assess the problem area & suitably mark the spots for drilling grouting holes
 For heavy dripping mark the spots in a grid pattern 150 mm centre-centre or in case of
spot dripping drill at the point of leakage
 Initiate drilling for a hole diameter corresponding to the packers in use (generally 16
mm - 20 mm)
 Depth of the hole drilled to be 100 mm deep or generally half the thickness of the
substrate
 Fix alloy packers (non-return type) of dimension 14 mm x 80 mm with a suitable putty
 Allow the putty to cure for 24 hrs prior to commencing the injection grouting process

Mixing of components& installing packers :-

 Mix base & hardener in the specified proportions.
 The mixing to be carried out in a completely dry container using a stirrer
 Complete mixing of both the component packs is advisable
 Mix consistently for 2-3 minutes until a uniform mixture is obtained
 Connect the hose-set (pipe) to the installed packers. Ensure complete contact

Pumping the injection grout:-

 Rinse the pump using a lubricant
 Fill the injection grouting mixture into the pumping container Initiate pumping on a low
pressure & gradually build up the pumping pressure suitably
 Stop pumping if back pressure is sensed or if the grout has oozed out of the adjoining
hole

Activities post injection grouting :-

 Injection to be pumped
 Cut off the extended portion of the packer & seal the surface with a suitable putty

Cleaning of equipment & Precautions :-

 Wash the pump & the hose-set with a cleaner post the grouting operation is complete
 Retain the lubricant in the hose-set & pump until further use. Following a complete
injection of all mechanical packers to refusal and where the visible leakage has been
completely eradicated, remove all injection packers. Remove cured material where
applicable and fill injection hole with rapid cement.
 Clean all adjacent areas of excess material, powder, cement and/or droppings. Chemicals
used for cleaning shall be non-hazardous and non-flammable
 Process grout materials using appropriate protective gear including gloves, masks, or
goggles, and appropriate clothing as described and in accordance with the manufacturer’s
MSDS sheets
 Follow manufacturer’s recommendations for product safety and disposal of material

Flowchart for Item No. 4

Identify the area of dripping

Mark the spots for injection grouting. If leakage is through a crack mark
grouting points along the crack in a staggered manner. If the leakage is across
the area mark grouting spots in a grid pattern

Drill grouting holes so as to neatly fit the injection packers. Drilling to be done
at an angle of 45o to the plane of grouting surface

Fix the packers & seal the grouting point using epoxy putty

Use Plain Injection grout, mixed as per the manufacturer’s instructions. Inject
the mix at a pressure of 3-5 bar

Once the injection grouting process is complete, cut the packer & seal the
grouting hole with epoxy putty

Clean the equipment using a cleaner