gest oe i & PHYSICS PROJECT TO STUDY AND DRAW THE MAGNETIC FIELD LINE OF FORCE ({ NORTH AND SOUTH } Submitted by: Submitted to: Kimani UP.This is to certify that Rushmi MuRRerjee of class 12th «M6 of Sant Qtubanand Convent School fas prepared this Physics Project on Study and draw the magnetic fied Cine of force ( North and South ). Submitted to Physics Department of Sant Qtubanand Convent School was carried under the guidance and supervision of Mr. Shashank Singh Sir during the academic year 20232024. Principal Subject Cxternal Teacher @xaminerApart from my efforts, the success of any project depends Cargeby on the encouragement and guidebines of many others. | take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the peopte who have Been instrumental in the successful completion of this project. | woubd CiRe to show my greatest appreciation to our teacher Mr. Shashank Singh Sir . | can’t say thank you enough for his tremendous support and hebp. | feet motivated and encouraged every time | attend his meeting. Without his encouragement and guidance this project woutd not have materialized. The guidance and support received from ab the members who contributed and who are contributing to this project, was vital for the success of the project. | am grateful for their constant support and hep. last but not beast | wish to avail myself of this opportunity, express a sense of gratitude and Cove to my friends and my 6eboved parents for their strength, manuo support, and hebp.1. Topic 2. flim and Apparatus 3. Basic Concepts 4. Procedure 5. Conclusion 6. Precautions C Bibliographyline (North and ¢ Te study and draw magnetic field of force South ). athe e RS PR aL PRT oS oll» To Study the Earth's Magnetic Field using a Compass Needle Bar Magnet by plotting Magnetic Field Tines. 7ipparatus 7 bar magnet, compass needle, drawing board, sheet of paper, half-metre scale, sharp pencil, brass pins or cellotape.‘Tt may be defined as the curve the tangent to which at any point gives the direction of the magnelic field at that point. 1t may also be defined as the path along which a unit north pole would tend to move if free to do 40. No two magnetic field lines can intersect each other. ‘The magneiic field around a magnet can be traced with the help of a magnetic compass needle. Tt consists of a small and light magnetic needle pivoted at the centre of a amall circular brass case provided with a glass top.Earth's magnetic field, also known as the geomagnetic field, is the magnetic (field that extends from Earth's interior out into space, where it interacts with the solar wind, a stream of charged particles emitting from the Sun. ‘The magnetic field is generated by electric currents due to the motion of conwection currents of a mixture of molten iron and nickel in Earth's outer core: these convection currents are caused by heat escaping from the core, anatural process called a geodynamo. The North geomagnetic pole “= actually represents the South pole of Earth's magnetic field, and conversely the South geomagnetic pote corresponds to the north pote of Earth's magnelic field (because opposite magnetic potes attract and the north end of a magnet, like a compass needle, points toward Earth’s South magnetic field, i.e., the North geomagnetic pote near the Geographic North Pote ).Following are the magnetic elements of earth's magnetic field. () Magnetic declination: The small angle between magnetic axis and geographic axis at a place is defined as magnetic declination at that place it is represented by Q. (i) Magneticinclination: Magnetic dip, dip angle or magnetic inclination is the angle made with the horizontal by the compass needle of a vertically held compass. This angle varies at different locations on the earth surface. Positive values show that the magnetic field of earth is downward into the earth, at the point of measurement. ‘Al equator, the magnetic field is parallel to the horizon so there will be zero angle of dip and at the poles, the magnetic field is almost vertical, then dip will be maximum. (iii) Horizontal and vertical component of the Earth's magnetic field: ‘There are two components to explain the intensity of the earth's magnetic field: (@) Horizontal Component BH=Beosp (6) Vertical component BV=Bainp‘a 1. Fix a sheet of paper on the drawing board with brass pins or cellotape. 2. Remove the magnets and the magnetic substances from the vicinity of the drawing board. Draw a line joining the midpoints Nand S of the shorter sides of the paper. To adjust this line along the magnetic meridian, place a compass needle at the middle of this line. Rotate the drawing board till the middle line is parallel to the compass needle. Mark the boundary of the drawing board with a piece of chalk. 3. Place the bar magnet symmetrically in the middle of the line NS, with its north pote pointing towards south. Mark the boundary of the magnet with a sharp pencil. See that the positions of the magnet and the board are not disturbed during the experiment. 4, Place the compass needle near the south pole of the magnet and mark two dots ff and Bagainst the south and north poles of the needle, respectively. Shift the compass so that the south pole of the needle coincides with the second dot Band mark a third point C now against the north pole of the compass needle. 4n this manner, go on step by step till the other end of the magnet is reached. 7 smooth free-hand curve drawn through the marked points gives a magnetic line of force.5. Plot several lines of force around the magnet, indicating their directions by arrowheads from the north to the south pote of the magnet. 7in area around the point P is observed such that points Dand € are in opposite directions. If the compass needle is moved from D to €, direction of the field reverses. This » region is the neutral point region. There is another similar region around the point Q. 6. To locate the neutral points accurately, plot the lines of force ~ accurately in the neutral point region as close to each other as possible. ines of force in these regions may be rather short in length. These lines of force should give rise to a curvilinear quadrilateral in the neutral point regions. In a neutral point region, place the plotting compass at such a position by trial and error that its needle stays in any direction and has no preferred direction. Mark the boundary of the compass needle. ‘The centre of the circular boundary gives the position of the neutral points along the avial line. Test for neutral point. Using a compass needle, check the location of neutral points P and Qas explained in previous case. 7 Tocate the positions of N- and S-potes accurately.1. The resultant magnetic field of the magnet and the earth with N-pole of the magnet pointing north is shown in Fig. 18. The neutral points P and Q lie on the equatorial line of the magnet. 2. The resultant magnetic field of the magnet and the earth with N-pole of the magnet point south is shown . The neutral points P and Q lie on the axial line of the magnet. 3. from the above two observations, it can be concluded that the direction of the earth's magnetic field is from geographic south to north. Magnetic field lines1. Mark the boundary of the drawing board and that of the magnet. The board and the magnet should not be disturbed throughout the experiment. 2. There should be no magnetic materials near the working table. 3. Brass pins (non-magnetic), gum or cellotape should be used for fiving the sheet on the drawing board. Drawing pins of iron should not be used. 4. Tap compass needle gently every lime ao as to avoid its sticking. 5. The ends of the compass needle should be marked with a sharp pencil and the dots so obtained should be joined by smooth free-hand curve. 6. To locate neutral points accurately, a large number of lines of force should be drawn in the neutral point regions. Z. The potes of the magnet should be located more accurately. 8. The directions of the lines of force should be indicated by arrowheads,1. NCERT PHYSICS TEXTBOOK CLASS 12 PART-1 2. NCERT PHYSICS [1B MANUAL 3. www.wikipedia.com