st Crack | PVs 016 MADE EASY Workbook Were Ta} Engineering Thermodynamics + Refrigeration and Air-conditioning + Heat and Mass Transfer MADE ERSY Publications © Copyrgt: Subjoct mater to MADE EASY Pubcatons, New Deh No part his Bock maybe reroccedor iad nay form without the witon permission2016 MADE EASY Thermodynamics + Refrigeration and Workbook Air-conditioning + Heat and Mass Transfer Section-A Thermodynamics SI. Unit 1. Basic Concepts and Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics... 2. Energy Interactions (Heat & Work)... 3. First Law of Thermodynamics 4. Second Law of Thermodynamics. 5. Entropy, Availability and Irreversibility. 6. Properties of Pure Substance .. ‘Thermodynamic Relations and Clapeyron Equation ...... Section-B: Refrigeration and Air-conditioning. Section-C: Heat and Mass Transfer wn ASE EAB Pb eh Nore ockatiay te retodiced er tleedin any fon wifau the writen permissionBasic Concepts and Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics A noose systems one whose boundaries allows Only Energy transfer (©) Only mass transfer (©) Both Energy and mass transfer (6) None of the above 2, Mean ree path ofthe molecules is order of x ‘magnitude higher than system dimensions 7 Behaviour of individual molecules is disregarded 4. Mean free path of the molecules ¥ approaches the order of magnitude of the system dimensions ar and 3 (b) 2and3 (ce) Sand4 (D) tand4 oh 8G NaN SORROIARG ASV OWN Dane ANS WOH The Zeroth law of thermodynamics deals with |2| Q.6For NH.:H,O mixture system existing in two (@) Mechanical Equilibrium pphases in equilibrium, the numiber of independent (©) Chemical Equilibrium properties required to fixthe state ofthe system are (gf Thermal Equilibrium @ 1 Ue) 2 Rote ca (6) Thermodynamic Equiliorium @3 @ 4 ~ ‘Athermodynamic property G7” Which of the following are intensive properties? (a) Depends on the past history of the system. 1. Energy 2. Volume uP) Does not depend on the past history of the 3. Pressure ~ 4. Specific enthalpy — system z ee 2 (©) 2and3 (c) Canhave different values when the system i Sand 4 (d) tand4 isin a Particular state, depending upon how | 8 i & single fixed point t te oom a bought tattoos" [ELA A sna ted point temperature scale Is (d) None of the above A fa) Icepoint ‘Which of the following are pure substances? | (b) Steam point 1. Gaseous air ~ A AS Triple point of water 2. Amixture of gaseous air and liquid water | § (9) Critical point of water 3 Amite e liquid water and water vapouryg bad Experimental data obtained from a constant- mixture of gaseous air and oil 3 volumie-gas thermometer is shown is the figure (@) tand2 (bo) 2and3 3 below. The value of in °C is (©) 3and4 yor tand3 : p Which of the following statements regarding the | £ concept of continuum are correct? z Large number of molecules enable |¥ meaningful statistical averaging and | § assignment of property values a d re MADE EASY GF or. cgi a eS satbesapie Publications OK= 273 a- AS te 00 °c.Pramvse Comba — yr 4 Mechanical Engineering ® Thermody (@)a73.15 () 10 100 -273.15, In the figure showing a schematic of a thermal power plant, the closed system (S) and open. system (S) are correctly identified as @ boiler and condenser are open system and turbine, pump and overall plant are closed systems turbine and pump are open systems and boiler, condenser and overall plant are closed system = boiler, turbine, condenser and pump are ‘open systems and overall plant is a closed system overall plant is an open system and boiler, turbine, condenser and pump are closed systems ays system is partitioned into two equal parts. An intensive property of each part will (@) Become half Remain unchanged (c) Double (d) Depend on the nature of the intensive property of Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: List-1 (d) cvowk @ P Adet engine is fight — 2 oe Watrbeghetd ins selecotsns-} pe OK R Internal energy ~ ot “""S Specitic entropy —iivennre wre List-II 1. Closed system 2. Open system vpolann Ue a SO Ak veoh orad oem Hid tad 5 youk of lames @ Sa an Tusa nen SuRIEORTG ASVS JOYN OF FoNeW WoaTaNS wWEUAGS San mow wro) Fue uy pasTinn 70 peonposdor ea ABW OON SH blown, — MADE ERSY Publications 3. Intensive property 4. Extensive property Codes: P Q R s @i 2 3 4 (b) 2 1 3 4 Wi2 1 4 3 (d) 1 2 4 3 ‘Given, P = Pressure; T = Temperature v= Specific volume. Which one of the following can be considered as a property of system? (@) Spav (b) IVdp * dT _Vdp 0 (2-2) wt?) lp flv f In anew temperature scale ®P, the boiling and freezing points of water at one atmosphere are 400°P and 300° respectively. Correlate this scale with the centigrade scale. The reading of O*P on the centigrade scale is (a) oC (b), 50°C, +150°C fe) -100°C Q.78 Which one of the following correctly defines 1K, as per the internationally accepted definition of temperature scale? pa) Vv of 1 (@) {og th of the difference between normal boiling point and normal freezing point 1 (©) 37346 th of the normal freezing point of water (©) 100times the difference between triple point of water and the normal freezing point of water Q.14f/ Which thermometer is independent of the Substance or material used in its construction? (@) Mercury thermometer (b) Alcohol thermometer 1 273.16 1" ofthe triple point of water Publicationsaya: hh? uw du a be fk CRD Vf Ideal gas thermometer (d) Resistance thermometer {7 Triple point of water is (@) 273K (b) 273.14K (0) 273.15K 273.16K ,36The following are examples of some intensive and extensive properties Pressure =—T Temperature —- Volume —6 Velocity — Electric charge =* » Magnetization —€ Viscosity = »- Potential Energy — = Which one of the following sets gives the correct combinater of intensive and extensive Baer se properties? Intengive Extensive @ 1,2,3,4 5,6,7,8 (©) 13,5, 7 3%, 6,8 7, 3,4,7 3,5,6,8 @ 23,687 14.5,7 2.32” Match List-| (Type of thermometer) with List-ll (Thermometric property) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: List-1 ‘A. Mercury in glass — B. Thermocouple ~ ©. Thermistor » —>bolone D. Constant Volume — + List-II 1. Pressure 2, Electrical resistance 3. Volume 4, Voltage Codes: ABCD @14 23 3 2 44 ©1243 Wr3 421 Q.29/Assertion (A): If an alcohol and a mercury thermometer read exactly at 0°C and 100°C and the distance between the two points is divided into 100 equal parts in both thermometers, the two thermometers will give exactly the same reading at50°C. —>Net Ne Reason (R): Temperature scales are arbitrary. {a) Both A and R are individually true and Ris the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (©) Ais true but Ris false (YA is false but Ris true. 29 For an idea! gas win constant values of spectic heats, for calculation of the specific enthalpy, {af itis sutficient to know only the temperature (b) both temperature and pressure are required to be known (©) both temperature and volume are required to be known (0) both temperature and mass are required to be known y Ted ON TaI0G MON SuONPHIERE ASV SOWA 01 JenEw Io9TaNS WWOUAIOD @ IGATE : 2015] | Numerical Data Type & Questions ‘A new tempeature scale °N' is to be defined the boiling and freezing pts. on this scale are 100°N and 400°N respectively. What willbe the reading on new scale corresponding to 60°C. oe ‘At what temperature both the Celsius and the new temperature scale (as defined in above sstion) reading would be the same? i> eauuied UeINIn ou) OWA wid) Aue ui PasiInN 79 peanpordos eq KEW ¥0O8 8 The reading t, and fg for centigrade thermometer '¢ Aand Bgraded at ice point 0°C & stream point ications ae wogte—='S SE. dove The tempelature difference of 100n °C scale dareepends is erevot ase VQ periy NS A N 6 Mechanical Engineering @ Thermodynamics MADE EASY Publications 100°C are related by the equation t, =QJ+ mtp| | T2y + tg, where 1, m, n are constants. When both are immersed in air A reads §1°C and Breads 50°C. Determine the reading A when B reads 25°C? Comment on the questions “which thermometers correct”. swat paride ‘A 1200kg vehicle travelling at 90 km/hr impacts, a plunger attached to a piston-cylinder arrangement. If all of the energy of the vehicle ig absorbed by the 100 kg of liquid contained in the cylinder. Evaluate the maximum temperature rise of the liquid. The specific heat of the liquid is 4.0 kilkg®C. [Ans. 0.9375°C] Try Yourself T3. Air ina well insulated room is circulated by a 0.50 HP fan driven by a 65% efficien¥moter Find the rate of energy supply tothe room. (The motor delivers 0,50 HP of net shaft power to the fan), A steel flask of 0.04 m? capacity is to be used to store air at 100 bar, 27°C. The flask is to be NOW Protected against excessive pressure by a 7&4 _tusible plug which will melt and allow the air to escape if the temperature rises too high. Find the temperature at which fusible plug must melt in order to limit the pressure of a full flask toa ‘maximum of 150 bar. [Ans. 0.574 ku/sec] contains air at 250 kPa, 300°C. The 50 kg piston has a diameter of 0.1m and initially pushes against the stops. The atmospheric pressure Vs Apiston cylinder arrangement as shown below, oO 7d ON TWI8@ HON “RESERG ASV SOYA Ol enew Toelang wwBuAdog @ . [Ans. 177°C} is 100 kPa and temperature is 20°C. The cylinder Z Ene d+ mite ont, om 2 cools as heat is transfered to the ambient. At what temperature (in °C) does the piston begin tomove down? ke ag.9n7C (wey or fey UN 250 ae Z mm 1 POM SHON amd pap dbnst wD io @ Sromm pe d= de mMd+n(d> " A=) lf : loo= JE my +0 179) man (is) =1 LO in 00 paanpaidas 84 Kew 9004 5 them Wy+n be = ores) + (aise) = aGAaec., 7 : 2 = TG walt Stamm) +n[ ny : ee eis Sige SZ Pra aso ele, = 3097 2. m= bod g n= -uyou4 : worsyued uEnergy Interactions or’ % of volume Vz. Work input during this process is 206 kJ. Initial volume V, of the gas approximately satisfies the following relation (eis the base of natural logarithm) (a) W=V, ) V,=eV, © wo )—1 () V, = nv, / 2, ‘Anideal gas at pressure Pyand temperature T, undergoes a reversible isothermal compression and attains a pressure P,. The characteristic gas constant is A. Net heat transferred during this, process is F Ze (b) RT, a 10 lal 2 ) 0 P, 6 - -Ate{ 2) (9 AP Po a ‘Aperson starts a 60 W table fan in an insulated room of volume 86.4 m?. The person expects to cool the room from 32°C (Pressure = 100 kPa) and allows the fan to rotate for 4 hrs. After 4 hours, the person will find that the room is (c= 0.718 ku/kg-K, R= 0.287 kJ/kg-K) 48 Hotter by approximately 12°C (b) Cooler by approximately 10°C (c) Atthe same temperature (6) Hotter by approximately 8°C (Heat & Work) .4/ Consider the cycles below and state which one of the following statements is true P(ueayy Fara RSV SSR OTN PAIRS BUCO @ fa) Inbboth (a) and (b) net work done is +12 kd (©) In(b) Network done is more since in (a) no work is produced by the constant volume process 9? Magnitudes of net work produced in both ‘@ (a) and (b) are 12 units but their signs are opposite (@) Magnitudes of net work produced is both (a) and (b) are different a5-Tre net work output for the cycle 1-2—-3-4 5-6-1 shownisfigueis (ak —icad Ge a ay FoS BA PDA 8 FPG SNS HEN NIB HEN | | Publications& RS g 3 (Yr vim’) @) 200k (©) 120k OKs ©) 1000ks eh One kilogram of a perfect gas at 15°C and 100 kPa is heated to 45°C by (i) constant Pressure process and (i) a constant volume Process. c, = 1.042 ku/kg-K; R = 0.2968 kf kg-K. Heat added in the constant volume (Q,) and constant pressure (Q,) processes are WA 2, = 22.35 ks: 2, = 51.26 (©) Q, = 31.26 kd; Q, = 22.35 kJ © Q,=31.26 kJ; Q, = 31.26 kJ () Q,= Oks; Q, = 22.35 kd Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: List-1 A. Work done v B. Thermal Equlbrium C. Internal energy 1D. Nowork and heatinteraction List Point function Path function Isolated system Equality of temperature Codes: B oh2 4 (o) 2 3 3 1 @4 2 Qa. ‘Specific heat at constant pressure (Cp): othelium is 5.19 kikg-K and its molecular weight is ‘4kgiKmol, The specific heat at constant volume Peps oreo +aneo MADE EASY @ an () 211 ° ant (@ 411 2 ‘Aclosed system undergoes a process from one is state to another state. Match List-I with List-II g and select the correct answer using the codes = given below the lists: a List-1 . A. Path function | B. Pointfunction 5 List-I a 1. Work g 2. Heat 5 3. Specific Enthalpy g 4. Specific Entropy : Codes: 2 AB H @14 23 es WI12 3,4 z ©1324 . A 24 63 od oy, 3] 0,70 The work done in causing a fluid of volume Vto flow into or out of a control volume against pressure Pis wey PV (@) Pav Valo () -Vvdp % Z ohn electric heater is put inside an insulated chamber containing 4 gas. Considering the system boundaries A and B as shown in figure, NOL “eo jh 10 peonpoides aq feu wood 3 wehave ouums & Electric heater (a) Heat transter across A and B (b) Heat transfer across A, work transfer across B ‘Wojssiuied veyium ow InOWlm io} AGE UI Pa of helium, in kd/kg-K is (©) Work transfer across A, work transfer across B Work transfer across A, heat transfer across B _____ = PublicationsMADE EASY Publications — Q ‘Asystem containing air under, 'g0es a change of state from (P,, V,) to ( (P,, V2) whose values are (OSMPa,0.287 rkg) and (0.1 MPa, 1.435 mg) respectively. The process undergone by the system is (@) isochoric \97's0thermat (b) isobaric (9) isentropic yoatang WWOIkdoo © 1.13 A mixture of ice and water is contained in a piston cylinder arrangement as shown in figure, Flame is applied to the base of the cylinder and the piston is allowed to move as the ice melts. The heat Q and the work W for the system (ice + Water) are (@ Q>0;w=0 Q>0,w<0 (vb) Q>0,W>0 () Q Pi Woo (AP, > P: W<0 TolesTuned anim ou) Hawi wio} fue UI pRaIIAN 70 peanpOId| (b) P< Py W<0 (6) Py= Py W=0 Workbook Q.16 A gas expands in a frictionless piston cylinder "arrangement. The expansion process is very slow, andis resisted by an ambient pressure of "700 kPa. During the expansion process, the Pressure of the system (gas) remains constant ‘at 300 kPa the change in volume of the gas is (0.01 m8. The maximum amount of work that could be utilised from the above process is (@) Oks (©) 1k (©) 2k ~ (8) 3k Q.17 Thenet work done for the closed system showri ~ inthe given pressure-volume diagram is Ptoar) 2 6 Mm!) (@) 600kNm (©) 700kNm, () 800kNm 1000 kNm 99 QB Acyclic process ABCis shown ona V-Tdiagram ‘The same process on a P-V diagram will be represented @a ie he a - 10 | Mechanical Engineering Thermodynamics P A ) 2 c L_____osy p 8 © v A c ———————+ v a” y P “e A af —y J e —-v If JPaV and JVdp for a thermodynamic system of an ideal gas on valuation give the same quantity during a process, then the process undergone by the system is (a) isenthalpic'% — (b) jsentropic (©) isobaric Saf atherma i ) 94 The heat transferred in a thermodynamic cycle eae of a system consisting of four processes are y successively 0, 8, 6 and -4 units. The net ys ©" change inthe internal energy.o he system will » be Srp S @ 8 AP z0r0 / (0) 10 (d) -10 1 Two ideal heat engine cycles are represented in the given figure. Assume VQ = QR; PQ= QS and UP = PR = AT. If the work interaction for the rectangular cycle (W/VRU) is 48 Nm, then ‘OWI uO} AUB UI PaBi|N JO Peanporde) 6q Feu yood }POde! 8q eu Hood ska HO NEU ON 1WaG NEN WORRY ASV TWA 01 Jenew Ioalang WuBURdoD © mm Out D -uojesyuied var *\> MADE EASY Publications up OR _* (a) A2Nm (b) 18Nm. iy/zann (a) 36Nm A battery is used to light a bulb, run a fan and heat an electric iron in case: of a power failure. If each of the above systems has 100 W rating and is run for 15 minutes, what are the work done (W) and heat transferred (Q) by the f oz battery? (@) W=90kJ and Q= 90kJ (b) W= 180 kJ and Q=0 lor W=270 kJ and Q=0 (d) W=90kJ and Q= 180kJ age re following four figures have been drawn to represent a hypothetical thermodynamic cycle, Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3.av qT mt] o> 7 | = f MADE EASY - Publications —————_— Workbook 11 Q.27 When a system is taken from state A to state B ° along the path A~C-B, 180 kd of heat flows into 2 the system and it does 130 kJ of work 5 (Gee figure). How much heat will flow into the a = system along the A-D-Bif the work done by it » ev s g along the path is 40 kJ? (°° According to first aw of thermodynamis, equal | Pressure areas are enclosed by 2 (ay Figures 1 and2 (b) Figures 1 and3 ce 8 (© Figuetand4 (a) Figues2and3 |= Q.24/A reversible thermodynamic cycle containing R only three processes and producing work is to | & be constructed. The constraints are: () There | 2 Must be one isothermal process, (ii) There must | & ve "be one isentropic process, (ii) The maximum | # (@) 40kJ (b) 60k and minimum cycle pressures and the clearance | $0) 90 ks (d) 135 kd volume are fixed, and (iv) polytropic processes | 3 \ Sener aIS Tee Teeter eee 3 re a cea ) cycles are 5 (Pe = £) If the process of expansion is wy f/x rb) 2 2 isothermal, the volume at the end of expansion is 0.55 m®. If the process of expansion is adiabatic, the volume at the end of expansion St 38 WW4 Q.29/ Nitrogen at an initial state of 10 bar, 1 m®, and 300 K is expanded isothermally oa final volume will be close to Nya 2870 ¥ % 0.45 m3 (b) 0.55 m3 7% of 2m®. The P-V-Trelation is (P+ v=ar, a 0.65 m3 (@) 0.75? where a> 0. The final pressure QzeMatch List-l (process) with List-II en be slightly less than 5 bar (index n in PV" = C) and select the correct Will be slightly more than 5 bar answer using the codes given below the lists: (c) Will be exactly 5 bar List-I List-II (a) Cannot be ascertained in the absence of | A. Adiabatic i the value of a 5 B. Isothermal aaa Match items from groups |, |, Ill, IV and V be C. Constant pressure 3 aa z a £ . ain], Sop Sepa ee ; D. Constant volume neon g neat | opostve | exact | KPan | transient | | Codes: von | singnte | stow | ceca | neue | | wep (a) FGK-M — (b) E-G-I-K-M 2 23 5 4 ae EGLKN FHLN i] were 3 6 1 (2) FHGHLN (9) EG-K-N E M3 2 1 5 E-HLLL-M FHAHKM P ara (y wae both L wou be bath =Q.3)Match List-1 (Devices) with List-II (Thermodynamic equations) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists List-1 A. Turbine B. Nozzle & / c\ Valve D. Compresor Codes: A BC He 4 a 2 1 1 4 » 2 3 () 4+ 3- @3 2 Direction for Assertion & Reasoning Questions: The following items consists of two statements, one labelled as ‘Assertion A’ and the other labelled as ‘Reason R’' You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answers to these items using the codes given below: (@) Both A and R are individually true and R is correct explanation of A (b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not correct explanation of A (c) Ais true but R is false (d) Ais false but Ris true 1 Assertion (A): C,, for a gas is always greater ~, thanC,. P- Reason (R): C, includes work of expansion in addition to storage of internal energy. 32 Assertion (A): Though heat is added during a polytropic expansion process for which ‘y> n> 1, the temperature of the gas decreases during the process. Reason (R): The work done by the system exceeds the heat added to the system. mADE EASY Publ Linked Data Question 0.33 and Q.34 ‘A system undergoes three quasi-static processes sequentially as indicated in the igure 1-2is an'sobaric process, 2-3is a polytropic process with = 1.4 and 3-1 is a process in which PV= constant, The following data may be made use of P, = P= 4bar: Py > 1 bar and V, = 1m? i P (bar) 4 bar 1 be (0 man “SRHPOHIRG ASV TOWN 81 ANB DBTGNS IWONAGS aay thine of the system at state point 2 in mis 2 (@) 1741 (b) 2.4173 g (©) 696 4.486 2 CMfere heat interaction for the cycle in ku is of 3126 (b) 194 (©) 486 (@) ~486 Common Data Questions Q.35 and Q.36 Acertain balloon maintains an internal gas pressure of Py = 100 kPa until the volume reaches V, = 20 m?, Beyond a volume of 20m°, the internal pressure varies as P= Py + 2(V- V,)?, where Pis in kPa and Vis in m?. Initially, the balloon contains helium gas at 20°C, 3 | 100 kPa with a 15 m® Volume. The Balloon is then 3 | heated until the volume becomes 25 m3 and the 2 | pressure is 150 kPa. Assume ideal gas behaviour 3 | for hejiam, : 3 2 Q The final temperature of the balloon in degrees = kelvin is 3 (a) 656 y s (© 912 is 3 the balloon for the entire a es (a) 1256 (b) 1414 / (0) 1083 @ 1512 Ae NB Publications zPublications Mowe Data Question .37 and Q.38 A football was inflated to.gauge pressure of 1 bar when the ambient temperature was 15°C. When the game started next day, the air temperature at the stadium was 5°C. Assume that the volume of the ~ footballremains constant at 2500 cm? (37 The amount of heat lost by the air in the football and the gauge pressure of air in the football at the stadium respectively are (@) 30.6 J; 1.94 bar (b) 21.84; 0.93 bar (©) 61.10; 1.984bar (d) 43.7 J;0.93 bar Q.38 Gauge pressure of air to which the ball must » -Y have been originally inflated so that itwould be YG —_equalito 1 bar gauge at the stadiums 1 (@) 2.23bar (b) 1.94bar gp) 1.07 bar (@) 1.00bar > 9 Linked Data Question Q.39 and Q.40 . ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process congisting the following three processes: “ Process 1-2: Compression process with Pv = constant Process 2-3 : Constant pressure a Process 3-1: Constant volume; UU, = 3549 kd % n'y (b) 1220 (a) 1420 YAO The heat transferred (kd) during the process. 23is 2/ (a) 4269 (b) 4469 fy (©) 4869 fox Workbook 13 Numerical Data Type Questions apts gas expands from an initial state with P, = 340 kPa and V, = 0.0425 mo afinal state where P, = 136 kPa, If the pressure volume relationship during the process. is PV? = constant, the work done is i. lof An imaginary engine receives heat and performs that the cycle of operation of 1 kg of fluid can be represented as a circle of 10 cm diameter on P-V diagram, The scale is 1cm=300kPa. on yraxis and 1m = 0.1 mon x-axis, Tenet + work done isciCA Ph, 819°" ‘At the beginning of the compression stroke of a ylinder internal combustion engine the ai is at a pressure of 101.325 kPa. Compression Ted ON 1100 maN SERORAG ASYS TOWN OF THEW 198IaNS W4EHAIOD reduces the volume to (3) of its original volume and the law of compressions given by pv'? = constant. Ifthe bore and stroke of each _ cylinder is 0.15 m and 0.25 m respectively, the =” ~o paonpordo7 6q Kew 1600 5) \4.B0 kW, if the engine speed is such that each cylinder undergoes 500 compression ty £ strokes per minute. Cyn Conventional Questions QJ4 Aspherical balloon of 1 metre diameter contains a gas at 150 KPa. The gas inside balloon is heated until pressure reaches 450 kPa. During the process of heating the pressure of gas inside the balloon is proportional to cube of the diameter of the. |. Find the work done by He gas. a4 AS aud Tossed vain work on a slowly moving piston at such arate / = power absorbed by compression strokes is ‘N~*0FmADE EASY 14 | Mechanical Engineering * Thermodynamics ——— Publications % An ideal gas is heated at constant volume untill its tempeature is 3 times the original tempeature ltis then expanded isothermally til it reaches 7 its original pressure. The gas is then cooled at 3h /Awhat willbe the temperature rise (in °C) du to constant pressure tillitis restored to the original ‘P water falling over a height of 1000 m? Change state. Represent this cycle on P-Vdiagram and © in internal energy of water is related to the / find the net work for 1 kg gas. Represent net Ye temperature change by equations, AU=4.2At work in terms of gas constant R, and take initial 83% kaka (Here atis in °C) mpeature as 350K. “ x A piston cylinder device contains 0.05 m3 of a i @ fer falling) [Ans. 2.3°C] (Assume water comes to rest afte gas initially at 200 kPa. At this state a linear «Spring which has a spring constant of 150 kNim S\8 __isjust touching the piston but exerting no force | ‘on it. Now heat is transferred to the gas causing the piston to rise and to compress the spring until the volume inside the cylinder doubles. If the cross-section area of pistons 0.25 m®. Find () The final pressure inside the cylinder (ii) Work done by the gas\ &S of A fluid is confined in a oylinder by a spring /% \oaded tricionless piston so that pressure in the fluid is a linear function of volume. Internal Linear function of volume. | energy of the fluid is given by the equation U=34 43.15 PV, where Vis in kJ, Pin kPa and Ta’ A Lenoir cycle cqmprises the following processes: 3 (i) Isochoric heat addition of 470 kJ/kg. <->.) Adiabatic expansion to its original pressure with loss of 140 ku/kg in internal energy. (ii) Isobaric compression to its original volume with heat rejection of 400 kJ/kg. 5 What will be the overall heat transfer and workdone during the eycle respectively? £O deen Tans. 70 kslkg, 70 Kuk] 10 Ved ORDHIIeG MON ‘SuOIEONIRG ASV SOW 01 The given figure shows the variation of force in an elementary system which undergoes a process during which the plunger position changes from 0 to 3m. Ifthe internal energy of the system at the end of the process is 2500 J 2g four wooa sh Vin m®. Ifthe fluid changes from initial state of | 3 higher, then what will be the heat absorbed P, = 170 kPa, V, = 0.03 m? to a final state of | § during the process. P, = 400kPa, V, = 0.06 m, find the magnitude || soy and direction of heat and work transter. Pa 6 ns Toy pab Pg say aap > Tempe 3m [Ans. 20 kJ] ‘uoresuued uatiam oui oui wo) Kae = = PublicationsFirst Law of Thermodynamics Multiple Choice Questions Consider an ideal gas in a frictionless piston cylinder assembly. The weightless piston is initially loaded with a large number of small weights. How would you carry outa reversible isothermal expansian process? Assume that, a large number of very small weights, and an arrangement for reversible heat transfer are available (@) Without adding or removing weights on tho | a piston, transfer heat to the system “seta (b) Without adding or removing weights on the piston, transfer heat from the system 3#* (©) Adding weights on the piston, transfer heat to the system pe (d)_R6moving weight from the piston, transfer heat to the system Consider steady flow of air (c, = 1.005 kJ/kg-K) AGASVIOMINO: RELI RAIS OEE QS Airata flowrate of 1 kg/s enters the nozzle of a jet engine at a temperature of 800 K, pressure of 200 kPa and a velocity of 50 mis. It leaves 7 nozzle ata temperature of 650 K and a pressure of 100 kPa, Heat loss at a constantrate of 25KW takes place from the nozzle to the surroundings. ‘Assume air to behave as an ideal gas with constant ¢, value of 1.005 kJ/kg-K and neglecting potential energy changes, the exit velogity of air in m/s is Me) 804 (b) 851 (c) 53 (d) 595 3 2 los“ ‘8Q is the heat transferred to the system and! 2 5a is the work done by the system, then which, 2 of the following is an exact differential S9- Ju -CuJ (@) 8a (b) & eee (©) 80+50 er 80-60 ED-jcu~ De Q. 5 tho expression for the specific work input to 4 a compressor given by SVap is valid if the ? changes in kinetic and potential energies dre neglected and (@) Only ifthe process is adiabatic inan adiabatic passage. Air enters the passage , at 100 kPa, 500 K at a velocity of 150 m/s and 1a’ exits the passage at 510 K. Assume ai to be pr Gniy ifthe compressor is perfectly insulated and the flow is steady (©) Only ifthe flow is steady t >” anideal gas and neglect gravitational effects, The passage is a iffuser and the velocity at the exit is approximately 49 m/s (b) diffuser and the velocity at the exit is approximately 79 m/s, (©) Nozzle and the velocity at the exit is approximately 179 m/s (d) Nozzle and the velocity at the exit is approximately 249 m/s on Me Air enters an adiabatic nozzle at 400 kPa and 900 K with negligible velocity Ifthe flows ideal. and exit pressure is 100 kPa, the exit temperature | Y= in K and the exit velocity in m/s are respectively alos 768.7 —(b) 225; 1164.8 Ne (c) 516.9;877.5 )) Only ifthe processis isentropic 71 (A) 129.2;880.1 nrc pared Q.7 First law of thermodynamics is valid for bs {af All processes z ~ossannied vonion oxi POW no) ub a Pea 9 Poon pDIGA! 8a FIO HOE Publicationsx 16 | Mechanical Engineering @ Thermodynam (b) Only reversible processes (@ Only cyclic processes (@) only cyclic processes that are carried out reversibly ih a The mass flow rate of air in a compressor is ‘1 kgis. The conditions at the inlet are 0.1 MPa and 300 K. The pressure at the exit of the compressor is 1 MPa. Assuming the compression process to be adiabatic and reversible and air to be an ideal gas, the power input to the compressor, in KW, is (a) 252 (b) 113.2 :) 280 (d) 1257.6 Assteam turbine is used to produce work in a thermal power plant what type of work is it? (@)_ Flow work APF Shaft work, (6) Displacement work (6) None of the above s OY gy (0 When one 1 kg of an ideal gas expands reversibly and adiabatically in a piston cylinder gq ge 7_ aftangement from an intial state (P,, V,, T,) to 7.8" @ final state (P,, V,, T,), the work done by gas is Po Let @ plte-T) (©) 67-7) te eT,~T) (9) o,(T,- Te) anaes ae x OY Anideal gas is taken through three processes wh as a result of which the final state is identical with the intial state. The nature of the processes, work done and heat transferred during processes are as follows: 1. 1-2 is a constant volume process with a heat input of 50 kJ 2, 2-3is an isothermal expansion process and the work done by the system is 500 kJ 3. 3-1 is constant pressure process and the work done on the system is 200 kJ The heat transferred and the change in internal energy in kJ during the process 3-1 are respectively (a) 250,50 (b) 250,-50 {c) -250,50 (9-250, -60 Aballoon containing an ideal gasis initially kept Y — inanevacuated and insulated room. The balloon MADE EAS ———— Po cs Heat yas fills up the entire room, tures and the gas which ‘one of the following statements is TRUE at the end of above process? {@) The internal energy of the gas decreases from its initial value, but the enthalpy remains constant (b) The internal energy of the gas increases from its initial value, but the enthalpy mains constant ‘Both internal energy and enthalpy of the gas remain constant (a) Bothinternal energy and enthalpy of the gas inorease. 3 During a process with heat and work interactions, the internal energy of a system increases by 30kJ. The amounts of heat and work interactions are respectively (a) -50 kJ and 80 kJ -50 kJ and -80 kJ {c) 50 kd and 80 kJ (d) 50 kJ and -80 kJ ied ON 1W10G NON SORORITY ASS OVW G PoHEU DATARS aWONAIOD © The internal energy of certain system is a function of temperature alone and is given by E = (25 + 0.25 #) kJ. If this system executes a process for which the work done by it per degree temperature increase is 0.75 kNm dEldt = Q- W, the heat interaction per degree temperature increase, in ki is (@) -1.00 (b) -0.50 (©) 050 Af 1:00 170 kd of heat is supplied to a system at Constant volume. Then the system, rejects 180 kJ of heat at constant pressure and 40 kJ of work is done on it. The system is finally brought to its original state by adiabatic process. If the initial value of internal energy is 100 kJ, then which one of the following statements is correct? _27he highest value of internal energy occurs at the end of the constant volume process (b) The highest value of internal energy occurs at the end of constant pressure process. (©) The highest value of internal energy occurs after adiabatic expansion of To paonpardei aa Kew 4008 3 im oun THOU WO) AUB UP (@) Internal eneray is equal at all points PublicationsmADE EASY Publications ie aS .é A fluid flowing along a pipeline undergoes a throttling process from 10 bar to 1 bar in passing through a partially open valve. Before throttling, the specific volume of fluid is 0.5 m*/kg and after throttling is 2 m@/kg. What ‘>. isthe change in specificinternal engray during ‘eG the throttling process? ° SS @) Zero (©) 100 kJ/kg SO (©) 200 kikg 300 kJ/k¢ < S# g 3 Q.17Avnen anideal gas (0 eee atconstant an pressure the fraction of heat energy supplied which increases the internal energy of the gas is (a) Ne aie © gfe wo cylinders A and B fitted with pistons contains equal amount of an ideal gas (y= 1.4) at 300 K. The piston of A is free to move, while that of Bis held fixed. The same amount of heat is given to the gas in each cylinder. If the rise in temperature of the gas in Ais 30 K, then the rise in temerature of the gas in Bis (@) 30k (©) 50K 5 of ‘A monoatomic ideal gas (1-5) initially at temperature T,, is enclosed in a cylinder fitted 3) with a frictionless piston. The gas is allowed to ¥ ,expand adiabatically to a temperature T, by . 4°/ releasing the piston suddenly. If L, and L, are : the lengths of the gas column before and after wed oN WIBG WON SHENG AaVS BOW 8 7011RU 190/aNS order 8a Few W009 6 (b) 18K W2K p ‘expansion respectively, then (# is 2 3 z z 3 workbook | 17 20 inagiven process of an ideal gas, BY” = 0 and ~p 5Q<0. Then forthe gas 7 \ {a The temperature will decrease (b) The volume wil increase (©). The pressure will remain constant (a) The temperature willincrease Q.21 An ideal gas taken through the cycle A+B C—A,asshown in figure. If the net heat supplied to the gas in the oycle is 5 kd, the work done by the gas in the process C= Ais P bal 10 ae : a | ; vim’) 1 2 Jef 5 ks (b) 10 kd -15 kd (d) 20k QZ An ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process J> KL Mvirt. this cycle, Match List-1 (Process) with List-II (Energy variation) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: i 4 alg} ot be Ly ; On (2) 1 iblcations.ZF oh ° ea ane wot 18 | Mechanical Engineering © Thermodynamics : MADE ERsy cae Q.23 Water of volume 2 lire in a container is heated xB withacoilof 1 kW at 27°C. The ld ofthe container is open and energy dissipates at the rate of 160 J/sec. In how much time temperature will rise from 27°C to 77°C? (Specific heat of water js 4.2 kuikg-K (a) 8min 20sec (b) 6min2sec (©) 7min (qd) 14min of Alully charged car battery gradually discharges “& while lying on the shelf at a constant temperature, During discharging, it loses 250 kcal to the environment. The battery is then recharged slowly tots intial state, The charging & Process consumes 0.53 kwH of electricity. What is the heat transfer during the charging process? (@} -431.4 kJ (0) -1000.8 kJ 861.3 kd (0) -627.32 kJ An insulated 0.5 m? storage tank that is initially evacuated is connected to a supply line carrying air at 300 K and 200 kPa. The valve is opened and air flows into the tank from the supply line The valve is closed when the pressure in the tank reaches 200 kPa. The final temperature of airin the tank is K, assuring air as an ideal gas is ‘Stream of a at $00 Lard 200 KPa (©) 210 < 4.26 The first law of thermodynamics applied to a variable flow process 1-2 with negligible kinetic and potential energy changes is given by the 4 (d) 27 Aciosed thermodynamic system undergoes an unsteady process. Work is done on the system Tan average rate of 260 W and heat is lost to the surroundings at an average rate of 10 W, Neglecting changes in kinetic and potential energies of the system, the change is its internal energy during one hour is (@) Increases by 972 kJ ) Increases by 900 kJ (c) Decreases by 936 kJ (d) Decreases by 36 kJ 8 A gas is released from a pressurised cylinder ,, by opening a valve suddenly. Assume kinetic Y’ and potential energy changes negligible and that the cylinder is perfectly insulated m, fh and u are the mass, specific enthalpy and specific internal energy of the gas within the cylinder, Tespectively, Moyin Usy? AN Aggy are the Mass flow rate, specific internal energy and specific enthalpy of gas exiting the cylinder respectively. Which of the following represents the transient process for the gas in the cylinder if tis the time d in 70 paonpordss eq Aes ¥00d Sia) Jo HEU ON TWI8G AON SimNeRERG ASV SOWA 01 eeu oelang uBUAOD @ (0) ext Yer = Ge (0) tga Goa OD) Meer Pox A tank contains 9 kg of liquid water at an initial ‘Tojseiuved vonnam ata wnowr Uiio) Rue Ur Pak | expression: temperature T,2C. A coil removes heat at the j d 30, dm, _, omy bw a rate of Q= K,Tirom the tank. A paddle wheel, | Gl ae ar ae ae by constantly stiring, maintains uniform | ae temperature in the tank. The rate of work input i (ey Lu) = 52 +m, ~ m, Se - through paddle wheelis ¥/= K,T. Temperature, at Ciel ee Tis in °C and K, and K, are constants. (Note Publica2 MADE EASY Publications ———. that the rate of change in internal energy inside the tank will be @ balance of work and heat lransfer rates). Temperature ofthe tankwill vary in such away that @) if IK > |K,| Temperature will decrease exponentially VY (0) if |K,] > |K,| Temperature will increase exponentially (©) if |K < [Kj] Temperature will increase ‘exponentially () if |K > |K,| Temperature will decrease linearly gab: A rigid tank is connected through a valve to steam mains supplying steam at 1 MPa, 400°C, enthalpy of 3264.5 kJ/kg, Heat is transferred e from the tank to the surrounding, and the valve wo is closed when the total amount of cooling is g& Sf 2000 kJ. The energy contained in the tank is the same before and after the process. ¢ | Neglecting potential and kinetic energy cd SSchanges, the mass of steam that enters the we tank is & Wee (a) 0.676 kg (b) 6.76 kg 9 5¥0.612kg () 6.12kg 3 : 2 a : ; WBrkbook 19 2 bar, 298 K’and 1 mtn a Barticular process, the gas slowly expands under isothermal condition, until the volume becomes 2m®. The work interaction for the Nitrogen gas is __ kd a.34 1.5 kg of water is in saturated liquid state at he) 2 bar (v= 0.001061 mi/kg, u, = 504.0 kiikg, (| ey, h,= 505 kJ/kg). Heat is added in a constant pane pressure process till he temperature of water reaches 400°C (v = 1.5493 m/kg, u = 2967.044 cde kJ/kg, h = 3277.0 kufkg). The heat added (in kJ) in the process is [GATE : 2014] Work is done on an adiabatic system due to which its velocity changes from 10 m./s to 20 ms, elevation increases by 20 m and temperature increases by 1 K. The mass of the system is 10 kg. C, = 100 Ji(kg-K) and gravitational acceleration is 10 mis If there is no change in any other component of the eneray of the system, the magnitude of total work done (in kJ) on the system is 4-S kA *+ : [GATE : 2015). Ques’ a wet ‘An ideal gas at 20 bar and 40°C is contained in a small cylinder having a volume of 15 om?, 2 This cylinders placed ina large container having v volume of 1500 em?, The large container is 332“ perfectly evacuated and insulated by an appropriate means, the gas is allowed to expand freely and fill the large container. The pressure at equilibrium condition is +e bar. Numerical Data Type | 12.32 A mono atomic ideal gas (y = 1.67, mol ‘ui wounim wio} fue ul peeyyin 9 pesnperdor oa Few wood Si | oO Conventional Questions 1 COM Wy > 0.36 An inated re pia vee tp divided Q- 23 into two portions by a movable parilion one part JA" \* of the vessel is occupied by an ideal gas at a [33), °Pressure P,, Volume V, and Temperature T,, The other partis occupied by the same ideal gas but at Pressure P, Volume V, and Temperature, ‘) Tp. The partition is removed and 2 portions mix, !\)) 1 > adiabatically. Show that the final Pressure P, and final Temperature T, are given by 37 my ‘ PM APY, PV EP.Y, eight = 40) is compressed adiabatically rom = PPM ang 7 = Pt Pe weight = 40) i pI | adiabatically VtV, Ty = ee 0.1 MPa, 300 K to 0.2 MPa. The universal gas St 2 Vo constant is 8.314 kJ-mol"K"'. The work of | 3 Ty Tp ia Compression of gas ine aaialka i 27 The heat capacity at constant pressure of a 33 Nitrogen gas (Mol. wt = 28) is enclosed in a certain systems a function of temperature only cylinder by a piston, at the initial condition of and may be expressed as. MADE EASY Pi ublieationsMADE EASY 20 | Mechanical Engineering © Thermodynamics Publications 41.87 2008+ 4157 sie ° where tis the temperature of the system in °C. | 8 canes GR” Thesystemisheated whleits maintainedata |Z ) Awind mils being used to generate Polson S Pressure of 1 atm. Until its volume increases | = free power from the kinetic energy of wind. What s from 2000 cm? to 2400.cm? and its temperature | = is the maximum possible power output from ingpeases from 0°C to 100°C. e such a wind mil for a steady air velocity of 138 (Gf ind the magnitude ofthe heat interaction. 36 kmph, if the diameter of ie blades ag yas Oetow much does the internal energy of the [Assume air is at 27°C any system increase? oe An insulated storage tank i. initially evacuated is connected to a supply line carrying a fluid at specific internal energy ‘y' and specific enthalpy ‘h}. The valve is opened and the fluid flows into the tank from the supply line and reaches a Pressure same as that of supply line. Show that the final specific internal energy of the fluid in thetank is equal to h,. femme [Ans. 46,085 kW] The inlet and the outlet conditions of steam for an adiabatic steam turbine are as indicated in the Notations are as usually followed Q,6 An insulated pressure cylinder of Vol. ‘V contains air at a pressure P, and temperature If mass flow rate of steam through the Ty: Its to be filled from a compressed air line turbine is 20 kg/s, what will be the power maintained at constant pressure P, and ‘output of the turbine? yh ‘temperature T, show that the temperature of the [Ans. 12.157 MW] we air in this cylinder after it has been charged to - ss the pressure of air line is given by (©) Assume the above turbine to be part of a - simple Rankine cycle, The density of water vr, at the inlet to the pump is 1000 kg/m’. Ignoring kinetic and potential energy Ie 0 _ effects, find the specific work supplied to wo paanporde) @a Feu wood sia j@ Ved ON Wed MEN SlOHWOHRNG KGS BOW OI t= —h__ 1+ 2(Yo_, 1 PA To the pump, [Ans. 2.930 kJ/kg] 1 ON} - py-hy foes are el et Rie of Torssjuied veniam bul now una) Aue OF OR YT § BS MADE EASY Publicationsye Second Law of Thermodynamics Acyclic device operates between three thermal Teservoirs, as shown in the figure. Heat is transferred to/from the cyclic device. It is assumed that the heat transfer between each thermal reservoir and the cyclic device takes place across negligible temperature difference, Interactions between the cyclic device and the respective thermal reservoirs that are shown in t figure are al in the form of heat transfer we co 1000 [=] [= ‘The cyclic device can be §) reversible heat engine (b) Areversible heat pump or a refrigerator (©) anirreversible heat engine (@) anitreversible heat pump or anirreversible refrigerator Itis proposed that the solar energy be used to heata large collector plate. The eneray in turn be transferred as heat to a fluid within a heat engine, and the engine would reject energy as heat to the atmosphere. Experiments indicate that 0.5 kwim? of energy can be collected at the operating temperature of the plate and maximum efficiency of the engine is 0.2. The 672 minimum collector area that would be required for a plant to produce 1 kw of useful power is (@) 1m? by 10m? {) 100m? (d) 100m? Q.3° Areversible engine operates b/w temperatures }“T, = 100K and T, = 400K. The engine drives atetigerator which operates between T, = 400 K ‘and T, = 200K. The energy transfer tothe engine is'2000 kJ and the net work output of the ‘combined engine-and refrigerator is 300 kJ. The energy transferred to thetelrigerant is (@), oki (0) 90kJ yl) 900 ks (@) 9000 ks 7 Aheal engine operates biw three reservoir. Ry 4 If at 550K, A, at 450K and A at 350K. For every joO © cycle, the engine accepts 100 kJ from F, and @ 4 - wo rejects 60kdin Rand 30d into Ry, The engine efficiency is Seen) @ o10 (&) 020 (c) 0.30 (@) can notbe defined Q.5/ The figure shown below corresponds to a reversible heat engine cycle ona T-Schart. The efficiency of the heat engine is Te pono a Fear Shao ved ON HBG NENT SUBREDIGRG KEV OVA A) MUR TDOGAS WBIGOO @ Total aren ~esid fest ode < i a ‘ayemuind Usnam og PON UO) FUE ria ale Publicationsii (co?) He ALB ACamotengine C, operatesbiw the! temperature limits of 1000 K and 900 K, A second Carnot engine C, operates biw the temperature limits 0500 K and 450 K. Both engines produce same amount of work. Which one of the following statements is true regarding the efficiency n and heat rejected Q, (subscripts 1 and 2 are used to denote respective engines)? @) n,>n, and Qq,>Qp, () ny >n,and Op, < Qa, (©) m=nzand Qa, 1. Conservation of eneray 2. Thermal equilibrium 3. Thermodynamic temperature scale 4, Mechanical equilibrium Codes: ABC @1 2 3 2 2 3 @ 2» 4 . we. w 3% Match List-I with List-Il and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: List-1 A. Cycleis reversible B. Cycles irreversible and possible C. Cycle is impossible List-II o ° 39 Kou yoo sy ‘voIse/ued Wali ai TRoWnim uiiO) AUB wi PEs 70 peonpore 22 | Mechanical Engineering © Thermodynamics ees MADE EASY Publications Codes: A BC @A 2 3 So av 4 3-2 4 @ 21 3 od wnicn of he following statement) ae i violation of second law of thermodynamics % FETE mcs fo construct @ cyclealy < operating device which absorbs heat from a single thermal reservoir and produces an equivalent amount of work. 2. It is possible to construct a device that absorbs heat from a low temperature body and rejects it to a high temperature body without any external work 3. A reversible heat engine has higher efficiency than an irreversible engine that operates b/w the same two thermal reservoirs at constant temperatures, (@) only 5) Zonly (©) 1and2only “(d) 2and3 only Q.19/ Two reversibly engines E, and £, reject heat to a common reservoir at a temperature T the engine E, receives heat from a reservoir at temperature T, and delivers work W,. The Engine E, receiver same amount of heat from areservoir at temperature T, and delivers work Wo, It Ty < T,, then @ m=m=0 Wh w>m, @ W=W, (©) W1 fe) 1 (<1 42 The thermaleticiency ofa reversible heat engine \/ operating between two thermal Teservoirs is Tmax: The COP of a reversible refrigeration cycle operating between the same two reservoirs is /s @/L-1 (o) 44 Thee@.13 An inventor claims that heat engine has the })._ following specifications we Power developed = 50 kW fuelbumthr = kg CVot fuel = 75,000 kilkg Temperaturelimits = 627°C and27°C Cost of fuel Rs. 30/Kg Valueofpower = Rs. SikWh ‘The performance of this engine is (@) Possioie Ad) Not possible (©) Most economonical (6) Uneconomic Direction for Q.14-Q.15: Two reversible heat engines work between three thermal reservoirs at temperatures T,, Tz and T,, respectively. Engine E, receives heat from the reservoir at temperature T, and rejects heat tothe reservoir at temperature T,. Engine E, receives heat from the reservoir at temperature T, and rejects heat tothe reservoir at temperature Ty. Assume that the heat rejected by Engine E, is equal to heat input to engine E,. All temperatures are in kelvin, 4 Q.19/ffthe efficiencies of engines E, and E, are same, ~ the: reservoir temperature T, canbe expressed as (+7) 2 () Ty = \2TTs Ifthe work delivered by engines E, and E,aresame, the reservoir temperature T, canbe expressedas (6) Te ) ~ T, +Ts @ T= Vs ce) O -2SB) @ =a (6 Which one of the following pairs of equations describes an irreversible heat engine? a 7 0) $60ana§22 >o y ) $50o x wo) Ae ua (od weiiim Bw INO oiraneus alang wONAGeO © a pagapondor ea Feu ood N10 W6d ON T8G MON SINT TYBAPNN ¥ Workbook 23 Q,17 An inventor claims that his new concept of an “engine, while working between. The temperature limits of 27°C and 327°C rejects 45% of the heat absorbed from the source. His engine is then equivalent to which one of the following engines? (@) Carnot engine (0)_ Diesel engine LU An impossible engine (A) Ottoengine Q.18 Three engines A, Band Coperating on carnot @PX cycle use working substances as Argon, oxygen nd alt respectively. Which engine will have higher efficiency? 5 \ fa) Engine A : (0) Engine & (©)_Engine C 4 Jai All have same efficiency Numerical Data Type Questions ain amount of 100 kW of heat is transferred through a wall in steady state, One side of the wall is maintained at 127°C and the other side at27°C. The entropy generated (in W/Kk) due,to the heat transfer through the wail is_’b-> [GATE : 2014] .20 A closed system contains 10 kg of saturated 604 liquid ammonia at 10°C. Heat addition required to convert the entire liquid into saturated vapour 22 A household refrigerator is maintained at, av: \8™ temperature of 2°C. Every time the door is opened, warm material is placed inside, introducing an average of 420 kJ, but making only a small change in the temperature of the MADE Ease ata constant pressure is 16.2MJ. Ifthe entropy\ > -ra> of the saturated liquid is 0.88 ku/kg.k, the entropy (in ku/kg.K) of saturated vapour is [GATE : 2014] y am h Qf inareversibie heat engine operating in acycle = between a source temperature of 606°C and a mee sink temperature of 20°C. The workdone perks (a4. eat supplied to the engine is 9:66 kJ a aWaanevey ebabiely bin hid af wor Cie pow) 24 | Mechanical Engineering © Thermodynamics refrigerator. The door is opened 20 times a day, | and the refrigerator operates at 15% of the ideal | COP. The cost of electricity is & 2.50 per kWh The monthiy billfor this refrigerator is & The atmosphere is at 30°C. Q98 A Carnot engine (CE-1) works between two temperature reservoirs 4 and B, where T, = 900 K and T, = 500 K. A second Carnot engine (CE-2) works between temperature reservoirs B and C, where T. = 300 K. In each ‘cycle of CE-1 and CE-2, all the heat rejected by CE-1 to reservoir BS used by CE-2. For one cycle of operation, if the net @ absorbed by eur aalans Wwenkdaa @ ae W "gaat 7 Ze A 1 x bul MADE EASY Publicationg 7] RA 5000 kd W = 1000 kJ ooo" S V \e CE+1 from reservoir A is 150 WW, the net heat rejected to reservoir C by CE-2 (in MU) is SD rg: [GATE : 2015] The COP of a camot heat pump operating between 6°C and 37°C is (Ew oh gat [GATE : 2015] Conventional Questions fa reversible heat engine operating between thermal reservoirs at 800°C and 30°C drives a reversible refrigerator which operates between ~15°C and 30°C. The heat supplied to engine is 1900 kJ and there is a net work output of 290 kd, Determine 6 Thecooingettect GIC4 SUES bi). Total heat transfer to 30°C heared reservoir, iota/ heat transter ‘ fest A reversible heat angine receives heat inputs of 00 kJ and 200 kJ from two thermal reservoirs 70 u6d ON Tubp MAN SieORARG ASVa SOWA in 10 pdonpode 94 Feu Yoo ah ‘(hc at 1000 K and 800 K, respectively. The engine 0 Aen rejects heat Qo a reservoir at 300 K. Find the y 2°" value of Qand the work delivered by the engine, "od uaiiam Bui Wouiim wo) Aue Ui Be Fig shows a system undergoing a reversible cycle during which it exchanges héat with 3 thermal reservoirs and develops 1000 ki of work, find the magnitude and direction of Q, and Qg. wo %8 A Carnot heat engine is used to drive a Camot heat pump, The arrangement, along with the pertinent temperatures, is indicated in the figure. Find the value of Q; and the COP of the heat pump. ores 0 A ex “Aheat engine receives haif ofits heat supply at 1000 K and half at $00 K while rejecting heat to a sink at 300 K. What is the maximum thermal efficiency of the heat engine? [Ans. 55%] A reversible heat engine operates with three thermal reservoirs and delivers 50 kW power. ‘The engine absorbs 1000 kij/s from a reservoir ERsY Publicatior