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SUMMARY POSITIONS

CIGARETTE INGREDIENTS

"WHY INGREDIENTS AT ALL?"

1 . Ingredients used In cigarettes are used in numerous other products .

2 . Ingredients are added to tobacco only In small amounts .

3 . Cigarette ingredients have been Independently evaluated .

4. Cigarette Ingredients and product formulae are commercially confidential and

remain closely-guarded .

Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xkcj0130
SEP 07 'S0 16 : .35 ~+1 3 521 0488 . P .~~3t~

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"WHY INGREDIENTS AT ALL?"

Substances other than tobacco, or "ingredients" have been added to tobacco for hundreds of

years . The extent to which ingredients are used to improve the properties of cigarettes has
varied considerably from country to country . In countries like Australia, the traditional Virginia

cigarette has a large share of the market and contains minimal amounts of flavouring ingredients .
The majority of ingredients are used as flavouring to refine the taste and enhance the smoking

qualities of cigarettes . Flavours are integral components of tobacco products . They contribute to
the overall impression of the product through their effect on the taste of the smoke and the aroma

of the pack . Flavours make the major contribution to the distinctiveness of many individual
brands and styles of cigarettes .

In addition to flavourings such as menthol, cigarettes also contain casing materials, humectants

and processing aids . Casing materials eg sugar and honey help to smooth the taste of
cigarettes . Humectants, or moisturisers, the same as those used in other food processes, keep
tobacco in cigarettes moist . Processing aids, such as water and carbon dioxide, are used for a
variety of purposes, in order to meet the spec'rfic design and tar/nicotine delivery requirements of

today's brands . Processing aids are present in finished cigarettes in trace quantities, if at all .

Most non-tobacco ingredients in cigarettes are natural compounds or are chemically identical with
the naturaliy-occurring substance . Some ingredients used in cigarettes actually occur naturally in

tobacco leaf and smoke and are only used as further enhancement .

• INGREDIENTS USED IN CIGARETTES ARE USED IN NUMEROUS OTHER

PRODUCTS .

Most of the ingredients used in cigarettes have a long history of use in foods and
beverages and have been reviewed for use in these products by a variety of
organisations and governmental agencies . For example, most non-tobacco ingredients
used in cigarettes are included in the list of substances "Generally Recognised as Safe"
(GRAS) by the Flavour and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) in the United
States . Many cigarette ingredients are currently being used in a variety of other consumer
products, including foods and beverages .

Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xkcj0130
SEP 37 "D© 16 :36 51 -3 521 049e . P . '' .'3r

• INGREDIENTS ARE ADDED TO TOBACCO ONLY IN SMALL AMOUNTS .

A small number of casing materials, moisturisers and major flavours account for the great

bulk of ingredients actually in a cigarette . In fact, this group of substances (casings,

humectants and processing aids) comprises over 99% of the total amount, by weight, of
non-tobacco ingredients used in the manufacture of cigarettes . As stated, the residual

amounts of ingredients used as processing aids (e .g . carbon dioxide) in a finished

cigarette are minute . The remaining non-tobacco ingredients are used as "top flavours"
in very small amounts. The flavourings normally constitute less than one-tenth of one
percent by weight of the final product .

• CIGARETTE INGREDIENTS HAVE BEEN INDEPENDENTLY EVALUATED .

Governmental bodies in several countries, such as Great Britain and West Germany
have reviewed, and approved, a large number of non- tobacco ingredients for use in
cigarettes . For example, in 1973 the Independent Scientific Committee on Smoking and

Health (ISCSH) was set up in the United Kingdom in order to advise the British
government on scientific aspects of matters concerning smoking and health, and, in

particular, to compile lists of allowable and prohibited additives to tobacco products .

Additives approved for use in tobacco products were those (a) for which after long-term

usage no evidence has emerged of their harmful effect (long-term being defined as in
constant use for 20 years or more} ; or (b) for which the results of toxicity testing by a

manufacturer have been reported to, and have satisfied, the Committee . The Committee
was charged with specifically prohibiting the use of additives which on pyrolysis or

burning might, in the Committee's view, produce a potential or known health risk or for
which the results of toxicity testing have not satisfied the Committee . Any company

proposing to market a cigarette in the United Kingdom containing non-tobacco N

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ingredients must abide by the ISCSH guidelines in all respects . The Committee
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periodically reviews and updates its lists and considers its system to "work well ." ~
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According to the fourth and most recent report of the Committee in 1988, "The ~
Committee will continue to ensure the safety of additives used in all smoked tobacco N
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products ." ~
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Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xkcj0130
SEP 07 ',90 1s?=37 61 9-521 0488 .

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Other governmental bodies also maintain lists of substances that may not be added to
cigarettes . For example, West German ordinances specifically prohibit the use of certain
substances as ingredients in tobacco products where, in general, those substances were

determined to be harmful as food additives . Manufacture or import of cigarettes

containing listed ingredients is prohibited in West Germany . The Australian cigarette
manufacturers have reviewed the evaluations of governmental bodies and organisations
regarding cigarette ingredients and continue to observe all of the regulations that have

been promulgated .

• CiGARETTE INGREDIENTS AND PRODUCT FORMULAE ARE COMMERCIALLY

CONFIDENTIAL AND REMAIN CLOSELY-GUARDED .

Because they contribute to the taste and appeal of individual brands, the identities of
specific ingredients in cigarette brands and the mixture of ingredients comprising the
recipe for any individual brand are closely-guarded trade secrets of the manufacturer .
Disclosure of the ingredients used in specific cigarettes could reveal product formulas

that have required years of research to develop and cause irreparable damage to the
manufacturer in a highly competitive industry . And although a wide range of ingredients
used in tobacco products have been listed with governmental agencies and reviewed by

qualified scientific bodies, there has been a recognition that specific recipes have the
highest commercial value and are closely-guarded trade secrets .

Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/xkcj0130