VOLCANO

LEARNING TARGETS:

At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:

❑ Describe the different type of volcanoes and

volcanic eruptions
❑ Explain what happens when volcano erupts

❑ Illustrate how energy from volcanoes may be

tapped for human use

ACTIVITY
TIME!
What is volcano?
VOLCANO
-is an opening on the Earth’s surface
where molten rocks, gases, and other
pyroclastic materials are ejected
through the crust
VOLCANO
-often associated with dome-shaped
landforms such as hills and
mountains but they can occur in the
form of cracks called fissures where
molten materials simply ooze out
How do volcanoes
form?
How do volcanoes form?
Volcano are usually
formed at plate
boundaries.
- they are often found in
areas called subduction
zones.
Subduction zones
-refer to areas where the
oceanic and the continental
plates move toward each other
-in subduction zones, the
denser plate subducts or goes
under the less dense plate.
Magma
-The movement of the
plates cause the subducted
crust to be melted,
producing dissolved gases
and molten rocks called
magma
Magma chamber
- The large
underground pool of
liquid rock found
beneath the Earth’s
crust
Vent
-the opening through
which an eruption takes
place
-main part of volcano
supplies the magma from
the underlying source to
the top of the volcano
Lava
-the flowing magma
that reaches the surface
is called lava
Crater
-a basin-like
depression over a vent
at the summit of the
cone
Ash cloud
- expelled in the
atmosphere; volcanic
ash or ash cloud is
composed of pulverized
rock and glass created
during eruption
Pyroclastic flow
- fast-moving
currents of hot
gases and rock
travelling downhill
from the volcano
Video
KINDS OF VOLCANO
KINDS OF VOLCANO
ACTIVE
- volcanoes which have erupted within
the last 10, 000 years.
KINDS OF VOLCANO
DORMANT or POTENTIALLY ACTIVE
VOLCANOES
- no historical records of eruption.
- not erupted recently but can possibly
erupt in the future.
KINDS OF VOLCANO
EXTINCT OR INACTIVE VOLCANOES
- show distinct physical signs of
changing due to erosion and deep-
gully formation.
Volcanoes can also be
classified based on:
materials they emit &
types of eruption
COMPOSITE VOLCANOES OR STRATOVOLCANOES

❑ they are tall,

symmetrically shaped,
and have steep sides.
COMPOSITE VOLCANOES OR STRATOVOLCANOES

❑ composite volcanoes
tend to erupt
explosively
COMPOSITE VOLCANOES OR STRATOVOLCANOES

❑ magma from composite

volcanoes is made up
mainly of andesite,
which is more viscous
than basalt.
• Basaltic lava, or mafic lava, is
molten rock enriched in iron
and magnesium and depleted
in silica
• Andesite magma commonly
erupts from stratovolcanoes
as thick lava flows,
SHIELD VOLCANOES

❑ these form some of

the largest volcanoes
in the world
SHIELD VOLCANOES
❑ are made up of fluid lava
flows which accumulate
over the years in all
directions, covering great
distances and producing
domes with wide bases
and gentle slopes.
SHIELD VOLCANOES
❑ they erupt “quietly”
because their lava
consists mainly of
basalt which has low
viscosity, allowing lava
to flow easily.
CINDER VOLCANOES

❑ these are small volcanoes

which rarely exceed 304.
8 m high
CINDER VOLCANOES

❑ they form a bowl-shape

crater and a circular
dome around the vent
CINDER VOLCANOES

❑ cinder volcanoes are

monogenetic
 Signs
of
Volcanic Eruption
Earthquake
-prior to an eruption, the
magma below the volcano
pushes upward through
the rocks and generates
small earthquakes or
tremors beneath the
volcano.
Seismometer
Increase gas emission
- when rocks melt,
gases present in the
molten rocks are
released
Surface deformation
- the accumulation of
magma beneath the
volcano cause the
ground to swell.
CLASSIFICATION
OF VOLCANIC
ERUPTION CREDITS: This presentation template was
created by Slidesgo, including icons by
Flaticon, infographics & images by
Freepik
EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION
-characterized
by gas-driven
explosion that
propels magma
and tephra
EFFUSIVE ERUPTION
-feature the
outpouring of lava
without significant
explosive eruption
3 Metatypes
of eruption
-magmatic
- phreatomagmatic CREDITS: This presentation template was

- phreatic eruption created by Slidesgo, including icons by

Flaticon, infographics & images by
Freepik
HAWAIIAN

-type of magmatic
eruption named
after the Kilauea
volcano on the big
island of Hawaii,
STROMBOLIAN
-eruptions
driven by the
bursting of gas
bubbles within
the magma
VULCANIAN
-named after the
Italian islans Vulcano,
which is also believed
to be the home to the
Greek god of fire,
Hephaestus
PELEAN
-also called nuée
ardente eruption
-it occurs when a large
quantity of gas, dust,
ash, and lava fragments
are blown out of
volcano’s central cater.
PLINIAN
-considered the
most explosive and
powerful of all
eruptions
SURTSEYAN
- named after the
island of Surtsey
off the coast of
Iceland
SURTSEYAN
- a kind of
hydromagmatic
eruption where
magma interacts
explosively with
shallow groundwater
or surface water
SUBMARINE
- type of volcanic
eruption that takes
place beneath the
surface of water
SUBMARINE
- it is generated at
subduction zones
and within
tectonic plates
where hotspots
can be located
SUBGLACIAL ERUPTION
- also called
glaciovolcanism,
which features the
interaction
between lava and
ice often under a
glacier
 PHREATIC ERUPTION
- also called steam-blast
eruption, are those
driven by explosive
expanding stream
resulting from cold
ground or surface water
coming into contact with
hot rock or magma