Senior High School

                                                                                                                                                         

   

Earth Science
 

Quarter 1- Module 5  

Energy Sources  

 
 Science - Senior High School  
Alternative Delivery Mode    
Quarter 1 - Module 4: Energy Sources
Second Edition, 2021    
   
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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cebu City Schools Division

Superintendent: Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Ed.D. CESO V  
 
 
Development Team of the Module  
 
Compiler/Writer: Virginia L. Jaca- MT 2- Sudlon National High School
Content Editors:
Ms. Celia C. Gepitulan, Principal 1, Regino Mercado Night High School
                 Mrs. Jocelyn Butanes, Talamban National High School
Mr. Bonnie James Saclolo, Cebu City National Science High School
Dr. Rey A. Kimilat, Head Teacher V, Abellana National School

Language Editor: Roquesa Sabejon, PSDS, ND7  

 
Management Team: Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent  
Dr. Bernadette A. Susvilla, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent  
Mrs. Grecia F. Bataluna, CID Chief  
Dr. Raylene S. Manawatao, EPS, EPS- Science  
Mrs. Vanessa L. Harayo, EPS-LRMDS  

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Department of Education – Division of Cebu City  
Office Address:Imus Street Cebu City  
Telephone Nos.: (032) 255-1516 / (032) 253-9095  
E-mail Address: cebu.city@deped.gov.ph  

2  
 What I Need to Know
The main source of the Earth’s energy is the sun. Almost all life on Earth
depends on solar energy. Plants harness the energy from the Sun to make food
through the process of photosynthesis. The same process was used by extinct
plants, which turn into fossil fuels.

Content Standard: The learners demonstrate understanding of the various

sources of energy (fossil fuels, geothermal, hydroelectric).
Performance Standard: The learners should be able to prepare a plan that the
community may implement to minimize waste when people utilize materials and
resources.
MELCs: Describe how fossil fuels are formed. - S11/12ES-Id-10, and explain how
heat from inside the Earth(geothermal) and from the flowing water (hydroelectric)
is tapped as a source energy for human use. S11/12ES-Ie-11.

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. describe how fossil fuels are formed;
2. explain how heat from the Earth’s interior is tapped as source of energy for
human consumption; and
3. cite ways to address the environmental concerns caused by fossil fuels and
geothermal and hydroelectric plants.
What  I  Know    

A. Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is an example of a renewable energy source?
A. gasoline B. solar power C. coal D. fossil fuel
2. Which of the following best describes renewable energy?
A. energy from fossil fuels
B. energy that is generated by burning up something
C. an energy source that is not used up
D. all of the above
3. Why is developing renewable energy important to life on earth?
A. we will run out of energy
B. renewable energy can last forever
C. renewable energy produces less pollution
D. other energy sources will be used up and gone forever.
4. Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
A. wind B. solar C. coal D. biomass
5. What is biomass?
A. energy from the sun C. energy from water
B. energy from wind D. energy from plant and animal waste

3  
B. Analogy. Fill in the blanks with the correct pair of word to complete the idea.
1. coal : _______; oil : liquid
2. geothermal : earth; ______________: water
3. solar : _____; dendrothermal : biomass
4. __________: natural gas; petroleum : oil
5. wind : __________; peat : nonrenewable
6. _______ : carbon ; natural gas : methane
7. clean coal : fossil fuel; waste water reinjection : _________
8. land subsidence : __________ ; flooding land : hydrothermal
9. water : kinetic energy ; sun : ___________
10. geothermal plant : steam, hydrothermal plant :_____________
What’s In  
Instructions: Take  a  look  on  the  concept  map.    You  will  be  guided  with  it  as  we  go  
through  this  module.  
Energy Sources
   
 
Nonrenewable Renewable
 
 
coal oil Natural gas sun wind geothermal water biomass  
 
cause

Environmental problems Minimized by

 
Energy Conservation

 
   What’s New  
Activity  1.  RENEW-­‐A-­‐STRIP
Objective: After performing the activity the learners will be able to:
1. identify the energy sources.
2. infer what will happen to the renewable and nonrenewable energy sources
after many years of energy usage.
Materials Needed:
o One(1) paper bag containing 100 strips of colored(50pcs. white strips and
50pcs. black strips) . The black strips represent nonrenewable energy
resources and the white strips represent renewable energy resources.
o Extra bag
o Calculator
o Pencil
Procedure: Simulate the annual consumption of energy.
1. Make 50 pieces of black balls out of the black strips of paper and 50
pieces of white balls out of the white strips of paper.
2. Label the first bag with the energy bag and the second bag with
nonrenewable energy.
3. Place all the 100 pieces of “energy balls” in the energy bag.
4. Shake the bag of “energy balls” to mix them thoroughly.
 5. Pick out 10 “energy balls” from the energy bag, without looking. These 10
energy balls represent the energy that is used in one year.
6. Count the black and white energy balls and record the number in the
table below.
7. The black energy balls represent the nonrenewable energy. Place these
inside the nonrenewable energy bag. The white energy ball represents the
renewable energy. Return the white energy balls to the energy bag.
8. Repeat step 4 to 7 until year 12.
Data collection for renew-a-strip –
Percent of paper strips Number of
Number Number
Total that are renewable beads
black white
Year beads white strips remaining
energy energy x100%
removed
balls balls total paperstrip
1 10
2 10
3 10
4 10
5 10
6 10
7 10
8 10
9 10
10 10
Questions:
1. What happens to the amount of nonrenewable and renewable resources
as the years passed by?
2.  Based  on  your  answer  in  number  1,how  do  you  differentiate  renewable  from          
                                   nonrenewable  energy  sources?  

3. Described what happens to the proportion of renewable vs. nonrenewable

energy sources that remain available as used for a period of time?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What does this activity demonstrate about our consumption of resources?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. What will happen if we try to overuse nonrenewable resources?
___________________________________________________________________________

    What Is It

Discussion
In Activity 1, shows the sources of energy that we used everyday that can be
divided into two different classifications, such as renewable and nonrenewable.
Renewable energy sources are those that are continuously replenished in a short
period of time. Nonrenewable energy sources are those that cannot be recreated in
a short period of time. It shows the energy consumption of human in each year and
how much energy is being reserved for the next year. People will have to look for
ways on how to conserve or find alternative forms of energy like atomic
energy, solar energy, and energy from wind and biofuels. These are just a few of the
promising alternatives for a cleaner and greener future.
What are fossil fuels?
 Fossil fuels are formed from living plants and animals that existed 500
million years ago. When these plants and animals died, they fell to the ground and
into swamps, lakes, and seas. Due to enormous pressure at these depths, the
layers were crushed by weight of the overlying rocks. Intense heat and pressure
and chemical reactions caused the remains of plants and animals to turn into
hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons can be in the form of solid, liquid, or gas. The solid
form is what called coal, the liquid form is called petroleum or crude oil, and the
gaseous form is called natural gas.

 
Figure 1. Fossil Powered Steam Turbine Electricity
(Source: http://www.mpoweruk.com/images/fossil_fuel.gif)

Fig.2. Petroleum & Natural Gas Formation

(Source:http://www.openlearningworld.com/World_Geography/imgs/figure_7.3.3.jpg)

Energy sources can be classified into two types;

1. Nonrenewable energy resources, like coal, oil, and natural gas, are available in
limited supplies. This is usually due to the long time it takes for them to be
replenished.
Examples of Nonrenewable resources:
a. coal is a solid fossil fuel that is black or brownish black in color and mostly
composed of carbon.
Four types of Coal;
a. Peat is the first stage in the development of coal and is a soft substance
made of decayed plants fiber.
b. Lignite is called brown coal that is soft and has a woody texture that
produces low heat energy.
c. Bituminous coal, which is a sedimentary rock, contains impurities like
sulfur. It is dark brown or black and soft. It is the most common type of coal.
d. Anthracite coal is the bituminous coal that has metamorphosed into
almost pure carbon. It is extremely hard and brittle.
b. oil is a liquid fossil fuel, which is commonly called petroleum oil or crude oil
since it is a mixture of different hydrocarbons. It is formed from tiny organisms that
lived on the surface of the sea and sunk on the seafloor and buried for a thousands
of years. As layers pile up heat and pressure increase and turn the remains of the
organism into liquid oil through million of years. It has to be refined before it can
be used as energy source. Refined oil produces gasoline, diesel, and kerosene. They
are raw materials for making wax, plastics, fertilizer, and other products. Gasoline
and diesel are used as fuel to run engines of automobiles. Kerosene is burned as a
source of heat.
c. natural gas is composed of hydrocarbon called methane. Formation of natural
gas is similar to the formation of oil. Since it is less dense than oil, it rises above
the oil. Natural gas deposits are usually found above oil deposits. Methane is used
for cooking and heating.
2. Renewable resources are resources that can be replenished naturally over a
relative short period of time.
Examples of Renewable resources:
a. sun. Sunlight is converted into heat that is used to produce electricity.
Solar cells or photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity. Solar
power plants turn sunlight into electricity.
b. wind. Windmills are used to generate electricity as the kinetic energy of
the wind turns the turbines to create electricity.
c. geothermal energy. It is the heat that comes from the sub-surface of the
earth. It is contained in the rocks and fluids beneath the earth's crust and is
found as far down to the Earth's hot molten rock, called magma. The most
common way of getting the energy from geothermal sources is to tap the hot
water under the ground. Once this heated water is forced to the surface, the
steam is captured and used to drive the turbines for generators to produce
electricity.  

Fig. 3. How geothermal energy works

(Source: https://www.fix.com/assets/content/15694/geothermal-energy.png)

 
 
 
 

Fig. 5. Geothermal power plant

(Source: http://www.energy.ca.gov/geothermal/images/geysers_unit_18.jpg)

Types  of  Geothermal  Power  Plants;  

a. steam power plants It runs on natural steam coming from under the
ground. The steam is made to flow through long pipes that reach up to the
power plants and is used to run the turbines.
b. flash-steam power plants
It uses underground hot water and steam that is about 182°C. The
steam is contained in pipes and is transported to the turbine to make it
 work. Remaining water is flushed in a separate tank to be changed into
steam again.
c. binary cycle power plants
It uses hot water but not directly as source of steam. It is the
refrigerant that is changed into steam and is made to flow through pipes to
the turbine. Only steam is emitted. The water is recycled back to the ground.
d. enhanced geothermal system
It is found in areas with hot and dry underground rocks. Water is
pumped to the well and absorbs the heat from the rocks as it flows to the
reservoir. The hot water warms a refrigerant, which evaporates to steam and
runs the turbine.
d. hydrothermal energy
Volumes of water from waterfall or dam have kinetic energy that can run a
turbine. We have several hydoelectric power plants in the country. Some of them
are the Maria Cristina Falls in Iligan City, Lanao del Nort, Angat Dam in
Norzagaray, Bulacan, Binga Dam in Itogon,Benguet, Pulangui in Masamag,
Bukidnon, and Magat Dam in Ramon, Isabela.
f. dendrothermal energy
Biomass is the total amount of living things in the environment. It can be
processed to make biofuel. Biofuel can come from crops like corn or algae where
methanol and ethanol are extracted. It can be used as fuel to run engines of
vehicles.
g. nuclear energy
An alternative source of energy is nuclear fission, which is the splitting of
the nucleaus of an atom, which produce nuclear energy. It can generate greater
amount of electrical energy.
What are the ways to addressed environmental concerns?

Fossil fuels
The use of fossil fuels results to air pollution, oil spills, acid rain, and
climate change.Ongoing researches are being done by scientists to find ways of
minimizing the gas emission from fossil fuel through carbon capture technology.
This is done by separating the carbon from coal and injected underground to be
stored permanently.
Geothermal energy
The use of geothermal energy affects both water quality and
consumption. Hot water from the under the ground contains high levels of sulfur,
salt, and other minerals which are sources of pollutants. To remedy this problem,
extracted water is directly pumped into a reservior after being used for
reproduction of electricity.
Hydroelectric energy
Hydroelectric plants have an extreme environmental impact. It may
cause flooding that can destroy forest, wildlife, and agricultural lands. As
preventive measure, dams are built to control the flood and also serve other
purpose like farm irrigation and recreation.
Nuclear energy
Nuclear wastes are difficult to manage, accident may happen and the
threat of terrorism is a serious concern. Various scientific studies have shown an
increased rate of cancer among people who live near nuclear power plants. Long-
term exposure to low-level radiation has been shown to damage DNA. But
modern reactor designs feature better safety systems and produce significantly
less waste than older reactors. In fact, modern thorium reactors can actually use
spent fuel from older reactor designs, consuming this problematic toxic waste to
produce energy. Thus, nuclear energy does not release greenhouse gasses so it
does not contribute to global climate change
Thus, our government through the DOE’s Philippine Energy Plan 2012-2030
find ways to addressed environmental concern through their policy thrust. Below is
an excerpt of the Philippine DOE’s policy trusts.

Fig. 6. Policy Thrust

(http://www.doe.gov.ph/doe_files/pdf/Researchers_Downloable_Files/
EnergyPresentation/PEP_2012-2030_Presentation_(Sec_Petilla).pdf

What’s  More    
 
Exercise 1. Energy Sources
A. Crossword Puzzle. Fill in the boxes with the correct answer.    
1
2 3

5 4 7

9
8

Vertical:
1. They are the remains of dead plants and animals buried million of years ago.
3. These are brown coal that is soft and have a woody texture that produces low
heat energy.
5. The first stage in the development of coal and is a soft substance made of
decayed plant fibers.
7. It is the main source of energy.
9. It is a solid fossil fuel that is black or brownish black in color and mostly
composed of carbon.
Horizontal:
2. It uses the kinetic energy of water to turn turbine to produce electricity.
4. This is a source of energy that comes from living organisms, such as plants and
animals.
 6. It is composed of hydrocarbon called methane and is usually found above oil
deposits.
8. It is an energy generated from the heat of the Earth’s sub-surface, which uses
the steam to turn turbine and produce electricity.
B. Classifying of energy sources
Direction: From your answers in the puzzle, classify the energy sources by writing
it on the correct column.
Renewable  Energy   Nonrenewable  Energy  
   
 

    What I Have Learned

Exercise 2. Energy Sources and Conversion Worksheet

Direction: Fill in the diagram.

Classification of Energy Source

Classification of Energy Source

  Examples of Renewable Examples of Nonrenewable

  Resources Resources

 
Energy Products Used by
  ! Heat
  ! Power
! Electricity
  ! Mechanical (work)

 
What I Can Do

https://bit.ly/2J68juj
From the poster above cite at least 3 ways on how you can conserved energy.
1.
2.
3
 Assessment
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What energy resource is derived from natural organic materials?
A. biomass C. geothermal energy sources
B. fossil fuels D. all of these
2. Which of the following is a nonrenewable energy resource?
A. coal B. hydroelectric C. methane D. solar
3. What type of energy is derived from heated groundwater?
A. solar energy B. nuclear energy C. geothermal energy D. hydroelectric energy
4. Which of the following are the energy sources that are consider as readily
available but in limited supplies?
A. sun B. wind C. renewable energy D. nonrenewable energy
5. Which of the following is an example of a renewable energy source?
A. coal B. gasoline C. fossil Fuel D. solar power
6. Which of the following best describes renewable energy? It is an energy ______.
A. from fossil fuels C. generated from flowing water
B. source that is not used up D. generated by burning up something
7. Why is developing renewable energy important to life on earth? It is important
because _________.
A. we have unlimited energy sources
B. renewable energy can be depleted
C. renewable energy produces less pollution than nonrenewable sources
D. it is less expensive in terms of capital cost than nonrenewable energy
8. Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
A. wind B. solar C.coal D. biomass
9. What is biomass? biomass is an energy from _________.
A. sun B. wind C. water D. plant and animal waste
10. Which of the following is NOT a renewable resource of energy?
A. wind B. sun C. coal D. water
11. What type of geothermal power plant, which uses the underground hot water
and steam that is about 182°C?
A. steam power plants C. flash-steam power plant
B. binary cycle power plant D. enhanced geothermal system
12. Which alternative source of energy is generated from the splitting of the
nucleus of an atom?
A. nuclear Energy C. dendrothermal energy
B. geothermal energy D. hydrothermal energy
13. What liquid fossil fuel is commonly called petroleum or crude oil?
A. oil B. coal C. biomass D. biofuel
14. Which uses the kinetic energy of moving water like waterfall to turn turbine to
produce electricity?
A. solar B. nuclear C. hydrothermal D. geothermal
15. Which of the following is NOT an example of hydrocarbons?
A. coal B. petroleum C. biomass D. natural gas