CELL TRANSPORT

PASSIVE TRANSPORT
• The cell needs to control what crosses its border - > cell membrane

• BALANCE – LIQUID IN THE CELL – LIQUID AROUND THE CELL

• SOME PROCESSES:

• Diffusion:
– Many substances in cytoplasm moving.
– Tend to move
– AREA MORE CONCENTRATION AREA LESS CONCENTRATION

– The process by which particles move from an area of high concentration

(close together) to an area of lower concentration (spread apart) is known
as diffusion.
 DIFFUSION
• DIFUSSION HAPPENS THROUGH THE CELL MEMBRANE

- MOVEMENT UNTIL THE SIDES ARE EVEN.

Once there are equal numbers on both sides, the particles will
move from both sides at EQUAL RATES.

NO ENERGY REQUIRED
EVEN DISTRIBUTION

UNEVEN DISTRUBUTION PARTICLES MOVING PARTICLES MOVING

FASTER RATE TO ONE SAME RATE TO ONE AND
DIRECTION ANOTHER DIRECTION
 PASSIVE TRANSPORT
• Facilitated Diffusion:
– LIPID BILAYER.
• NON CHARGED PARTICULES PASSED EASILY.

• What happened with Glucose or Cl - ?

• They USED PROTEINS CHANNELS.

• The process, in which molecules that cannot

diffuse across the membrane alone instead pass
through protein hannels, is known as facilitated
diffusion.
 OSMOSIS
• CELL MEMBRANES – SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE

• The movement of water across a selectively permeable

membrane is called osmosis.

• Water can not cross lipid bilayers ->

• WATER CHANNELS - > AQUAPORINS

• These channels let water pass right through. In osmosis, as in all

diffusion, molecules move from higher concentrations to lower
concentrations—lower concentrations of water.
 PASSIVE TRANSPORT
• Osmotic pressure:
 ACTIVE TRANSPORT
• what happens when the cell needs to move even more particles to the side
that is already more concentrated?

• ENERGY REQUIRED

• Moving molecules: Small molecules and ions are carried

across membranes by proteins that act like pumps.
»calcium, potassium, and sodium ions across cell
membranes.
» Chemical energy ->change in the protein shape ->
substance travel from one part to another
PROTEINS PUMPS
 ACTIVE TRANSPORT
• Larger molecules can not use pumps.
• Move from one part to another through VESICLES.

• TWO TYPES.

»Endocytosis:

»Exocytosis:
 Endocytosis:
• Is the process of taking material into the cell through
a pocket of the cell membrane that folds into the cell.

1. The pocket pinches off and breaks loose from the cell
membrane.
2. It then forms a vesicle or vacuole in the cytoplasm.

• Amoebas use this method for taking in food.

• White blood cells also use endocytosis to “eat” damaged cells.
 Exocytosis:
• Cells release large amounts of material through a
process known as exocytosis.
1. The membrane of a vesicle sticks to and becomes part of the
cell membrane.
2. As the membranes fuse, the contents of the vesicle are forced
out of the cell.

• To get rid of wastes and to give off chemical signals.