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3as SM Math1 L06
3as SM Math1 L06
– 6ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ¢
ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ
ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ
ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ
ﺃﻨﺸﻁﺔ
ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ
ﺘﻤـﺎﺭﻴـﻥ ﻭ ﻤﺸﻜــﻼﺕ
ﺍﻟﺤـﻠــــــﻭل
ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ:
ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ،ﻭ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻡ ،ﺤﺘﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻐﻴﺭ
ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ .ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺩﺭﺴﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﻬﺘﻡ ﺒﻔﺌﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل
ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ .ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﺓ
ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻭ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ .ﻓﻬﻲ ﻓﺭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ
ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻕ ،ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺘﺩﺭﺱ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ) ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﺩﺍﺀ
ﻋﻭﺍﻤل ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺔ ( .ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺩﺭﺱ ﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺯﺌﺔ ﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﺭﺏ ﺫﻟﻙ .ﻭ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ
ﻨﺫﻜﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ
ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺎﺀ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ،
ﻭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﻐل ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺏ )ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ( ﺤﻴﻥ
ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻫﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﺩﺍﺩ :ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ،ﺘﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺘﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ
ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻟﻠﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ .ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ،ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﺩﺱ ﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ ،ﺘﻔﻜﻴﻙ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ
h ﺣﻴﺚ l ﻭ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺔ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺿﻠﻌﻬﺎ h ﻟﺘﻜﻦ Bﻋﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ
ﺍﻟـــﺤـــل
: a (1ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ
aﻳﻘﺴﻢ h ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻸ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻼﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻜﻌﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻓﻘﻂ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ :
a ﻫﻲ ﻗﻮﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ 20ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ a (2ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ
. 1 ٬ 2 ٬ 4 ٬ 5 ٬ 10 ٬ 20 ﻫﻲ :
ﺍﻟــــﺩﺭﺱ:
1ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ :
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻓﻘﻁ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ x ﻨﻘﻭل ﻋﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ a
x = aq ﺒﺤﻴﺙ : q ﻋﺩﺩ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ
ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ :
ﻣﺒﺮﻫﻨﺔ : 1
ﻋﺩﺩﺍﻥ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺎﻥ . g ,b ,a
. g ﻳﻘﺴﻢ a ﻓﺈﻥ g ﻗﺎﺳﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ b ﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ aﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ b
ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻫﺎﻥ :
. (1) . . . b = q1a ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ aﻳﻘﺴﻢ bﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ :ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ q1
ﺑﺤﻴﺚ :
ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ bﻳﻘﺴﻢ gﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ :ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ q 2
ﺑﺤﻴﺚ (2) . . . g = q 2 b :
ﻣﻦ ) (1ﻭ ) (2ﻧﺠﺪ g = (q 2 q1 )a :ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ q
ﺑﺤﻴﺚ (q = q 2 . q1 ) g = qa :ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ aﻳﻘﺴﻢ . g
ﻣﺒﺮﻫﻨﺔ : 2
ﻳﻘﺴﻢ . b x a ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ xﻓﺈﻥ a ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ .ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ g ,b ,a
ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻫﺎﻥ :
ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ aﻳﻘﺴﻢ xﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ :ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ q1ﺑﺤﻴﺚ x = a q1 :
ﻭﻣﻨﻪ b x = (ab ) q1 :ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ qﺑﺤﻴﺚ :
b x = a qﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ a :ﻳﻘﺴﻢ . b x
ﻣﺒﺮﻫﻨﺔ : 3
x,b ,a
ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ.
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ aﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ xﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ abﻳﻘﺴﻢ . b x
ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻫﺎﻥ :
ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ aﻳﻘﺴﻢ xﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ :ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ q
bx ﺑﺤﻴﺚ x = a q :ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ = (ab )q :
b x = (ab )q ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ qﺑﺤﻴﺚ :
. abﻳﻘﺴﻢ b x ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ :
ﻣﺒﺮﻫﻨﺔ : 4
y , x , b , a , aﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ.
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ aﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﻴﻦ aﻭ b
ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ax = by :
ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻫﺎﻥ :
ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ aﻳﻘﺴﻢ aﻭ bﻭﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺮﻫﻨﺔ ) (1ﻓﺈﻥ aﻳﻘﺴﻢ axﻭ . by
ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎﻥ q1ﻭ q 2
ﺑﺤﻴﺚ :
ax = a q1ﻭ by = a q 2ﺇﺫﻥ ax + by = a q1 + a q 2 :
ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ax + by = a (q1 + q 2 ) :ﺑﻮﺿﻊq1 + q 2 = q :
ﻧﺠﺪ ax + by = a q :ﻭﻣﻨﻪ a :ﻳﻘﺴﻢ . ax + by
ﻣﺒﺮﻫﻨﺔ : 5
aﻭ bﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎﻥ .
aﻳﻘﺴﻢ bﻭ bﻳﻘﺴﻢ aﺗﻜﺎﻓﺊ a = bﺃﻭ .a = b
ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻫﺎﻥ :
aﺗﻘﺴﻢ bﺗﻜﺎﻓﺊ :ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ k1ﺑﺤﻴﺚ b = a . k1 :
bﺗﻘﺴﻢ aﺗﻜﺎﻓﺊ :ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ k 2ﺑﺤﻴﺚ b = a . k 2 :
ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ b = b . k1k 2 :ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ k1 . k1 = 1
ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ :ﺇﻣﺎ k1 = 1ﻭ k 2 = 1
ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ a = b :ﺃﻭ a = b ﺃﻭ k1 = 1ﻭ k 2 = 1
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ :
ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ 1ﻗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ Zﻫﻤﺎ 1ﻭ . 1
ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺩ 1ﻗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ Zﻫﻤﺎ 1ﻭ . 1
2ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ : Z
: ¥ ﺃ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ
ﻣﺒﺮﻫﻨﺔ :
ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﻴﺩﺓ b¹0 ﺤﻴﺙ b ﻭ ﻜل ﻋﺩﺩﺍﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎﻥ a ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل
ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻫﺎﻥ :
ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ r ﻫﻭ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ :ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ aﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ b
ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ a – r :ﻤﻀﺎﻋﻑ ﻟﻠﻌﺩﺩ bﻭ 0 £ r < b
ìa = bq + r ìa r = qb
í íﺇﺫﻥ: ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ qﺒﺤﻴﺙ:
î 0 £ r < b î 0 £ r < b
ìa = bq + r
ﻭ í ﺒﺤﻴﺙ: ) (q;rﻭ )(q¢;r ¢ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻨﻔﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ:
î b < r ¢ £ 0 î 0 £ r ¢ < b
(3)... b < r r ¢< b
ﻤﻥ ) (2ﻭ ) (3ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ). r r ¢= 0ﻤﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎﺕ bﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ bﻭ -bﻫﻲ ( 0ﻭ ﻫﺫﺍ
ﻤﺒﺭﻫﻨﺔ :
}D 28 = {1 ; 2 ; 4 ; 7 ; 14 ; 28
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ :1
ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻷﻥ 1 Î D aﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ . a Da
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ :2
. D aﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ aﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ a ¹ 0
ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ :
ﻤﺜﺎل :
ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ :
ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ.
ﻤﺜﺎل :
ﻭﻤﻨﻪ ﻟﻠﻌﺩﺩ a ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﻭ ﻗﺎﺴﻡ ﻜل ﻗﺎﺴﻡ ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﻟﻠﻌﺩﺩﻴﻥ bﻭ r0ﻫﻭ ﻗﺎﺴﻡ ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﻟﻠﻌﺩﺩﻴﻥ bqﻭ r0
. aﻭb ﻓﻬﻭ ﻗﺎﺴﻡ ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﻟﻠﻌﺩﺩﻴﻥ
D a,b = D b,0 = D b ﻓﺈﻥ : r0 = 0 ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ·
ﻫﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ aﻭb ﺇﺫﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺩﺩﻴﻥ
b > r0 > r1 > . . . > rp+2 > . . . ﺘﺤﻘﻕ :
ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ،ﺘﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺎﻕ ﻤﻌﺩﻭﻡ. b ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ
ﻫﻭ r .ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ r ﻫﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻗﻭﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﻟﻠﻌﺩﺩﻴﻥ aﻭb ﻭﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ :ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ ﻟﻌﺩﺩﻴﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺩﻭﻤﻴﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺒﺎﻕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺩﻭﻡ ﻟﻠﻘﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ
ﻤﺜﺎل :1
ﺍﻟﺤل :
ﻤﺜﺎل :2
ﺍﻟﺤل :
ﻤﺒﺭﻫﻨﺔ :3
: ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻫﺎﻥ
b = c . b¢ ﻭa = c . a¢
: ﻨﺠﺩ : ﺒﻭﻀﻊ
ﺍﻟﺤل :
ì a = 12a¢
ï
í b = 12b¢ ﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ PGCD (a ; b) = 12ﻓﺈﻥ :
ï PGCD (a¢ ; b¢) = 1
î
ﻟﻜﻦ a + b = 120ﻭﻣﻨﻪ 12a ¢ + 12b¢ = 120 :
ﺃﻱ 12(a ¢ + b¢) = 120 :ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ a ¢ + b¢ = 10 :
· a = 1ﻭ b¢ = 9ﻭﻣﻨﻪ a = 12 :ﻭ b = 108
· a ¢ = 3ﻭ b¢ = 7ﻭﻣﻨﻪ a = 36 :ﻭ b = 84
ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ 12ﻭ 108ﺃﻭ 36ﻭ . 84
ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل:
ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ:1
ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻭﺤﺎﺼل ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺩﻭﻡ
ﺜﻡ . I / 0
. c = 3n + 5 ﻭ b= n+2 ، ﻟﺘﻜﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ a = 3n + 12n + 20
2
. aﻋﻠﻰ c ﻭ ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ﻨﺭﻴﺩ ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ aﻋﻠﻰ b
ﻭﻀﻊ ﺘﺨﻤﻴﻥ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻤﺠﺩﻭل .
ﺍﻟﺤل:
)3n + 12 n + 12 = 3 ( n + 4 n + 4 ) = 3 ( n + 2
2
2 2
ﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ: ·
ﻭﻤﻨﻪ: 3n 2 + 12n +12 ﻗﺎﺴﻤﺎ ﻟـ b = n +2 ﻓﺎﻥ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻫﻭ0 : ﻓﺎﻥ }n Î {0; 2; 6 ( ﺃﻱ }b ³ 2 ) b Î {2; 4;8 ﺇﺫﺍ
. ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ1
. ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ2
x 2 y 2 = 40 ﺒﺤﻴﺙ : y ﻭ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺒﺔ x ﻋﻴﻥ ﻜل
. ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ3
ﻭ ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ q ﻜﺎﻥ ﺤﺎﺼل ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ 37 ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ a ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ
. ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ4
b ¹ 0 ﻋﺩﺩﺍﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﻴﺎﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ aﻭb
ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ .r ﻭﺠﺩﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺼل q b3 ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﻟﻠﻌﺩﺩ a ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ
. ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ5
ﻋﺩﺩﺍﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎﻥ. aﻭb ﻋﺩﺩ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ . n
. ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ qﺤﺎﺼل ﻗﺴﻤﺔ nﻋﻠﻰ a ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻨﻪ
. ﻫﻭ ﺤﺎﺼل ﻗﺴﻤﺔ nﻋﻠﻰ ab q¢ ﻓﺈﻥ: ﺤﺎﺼل ﻗﺴﻤﺔ qﻋﻠﻰ b ﻭﻜﺎﻥ q ¢
. ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ6
ﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺤﺎﺼﻠﻬﺎ. 110 ﻋﻨﺩ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ
. ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ8
a 2 b 2 = 5760 aﻭ bﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﺚ :
. ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ9
aﻭ bﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﺚ :
. ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ10
ﺃﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎ 7080 cmﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ aﻭ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ . bﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻄﻬﺎ ﺑﺒﻼﻃﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ
ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻳﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ . 60
ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻢ aﻭ bﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ .
ﺍﻟﺤـﻠــــــﻭل:
(
144 a ¢ 2 b ¢ 2 ùû = 5760 ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ :
2a ¢ = 14 ٬ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻧﺠﺪ : a¢ + b ¢ = 8 ﻭ a¢ b¢ = 4 · ﻟﻤﺎ
a¢ = 7ﻭ b ¢ = 3 ﻭﻣﻨﻪ :
b = 12 ´ 3 = 36 , a = 12 ´ 7 = 84 ﺇﺫﻥ :
b¢ = 3 ﻭ ﻣﻨﻪ : b ¢2 = 9 ﻭﻣﻨﻪ : 3b ¢ 2 = 27 : a ¢ = 2 ·
a = 20ﻭ b = 30 ﺇﺫﻥ :
ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎ ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﺎﻥ ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ. b¢ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﻭ a¢ ﻧﻔﺮﺽ
ﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ . 60
ìa = 60 a ¢
í ﻓﺈﻥ :
îb = 60 b¢
60 a ¢ + 60 b ¢ = 3540 ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ : ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ. ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ b¢ ﻭ a¢
a ¢ + b ¢ = 59 ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ : 60(a ¢ + b ¢) = 3540 ﺃﻱ: