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1. Obesity and Genetics; Gut bacteria could be blamed for obesity and diabetes........................................... 1

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Obesity and Genetics; Gut bacteria could be blamed for obesity and diabetes
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Abstract: "Our present study suggests that bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber and the production of short-
chain fatty acids contribute to deposition of fat in the liver," said [Vijay-Kumar], adding that it may be detrimental
to the liver if these processes become dysregulated, especially in individuals with excess gut bacteria commonly
associated with intestinal and liver disorders.
"Most of the observations describing the beneficial effects of short-chain fatty acids in metabolic disorders are
from short-term studies and primarily from healthy subjects and experimental animals," said Vishal Singh,
postdoctoral fellow in nutritional sciences, Penn State. "Our next goal is to analyze the long-term effects of
short-chain fatty acids, specifically in experimental models of type 2 diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome. We
envision that our studies would drive the field towards 'personalized' cautioned dietary intake of plant-derived
fiber in immunocompromised individuals."

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Full text: 2015 NOV 20 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Genomics &Genetics Weekly --
An excess of bacteria in the gut can change the way the liver processes fat and could lead to the development
of metabolic syndrome, according to health researchers.
Metabolic syndrome is a group of conditions including obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high blood
sugar and excess body fat around the waist. People experiencing three or more of these conditions are
considered to have metabolic syndrome and are vulnerable to liver and heart diseases. Approximately 20 to 25
percent of adult Americans have the syndrome, according to the American Heart Association.
Research supported by the National Institutes of Health has recommended that Americans add more fiber to
their diets because higher fiber diets have been found to improve many aspects of health. However in a certain
segment of the population, this advice could be doing more harm than good.
"It is a common misconception that plant-derived dietary fiber contains zero calories," said Matam Vijay-Kumar,
assistant professor of nutritional sciences and medicine at Penn State.
While it's true that neither people nor mice can digest plant-derived fiber, their gut bacteria can readily ferment
the fibers and then release them as energy-rich short-chain fatty acids, such as acetic acid. Once they reach the
liver, these compounds convert into lipids and add to fat deposits that could potentially lead to the development
of metabolic syndrome, especially in people and mice lacking toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5).
TLR5 is a receptor for bacterial flagellin and is part of the innate immune system that maintains gut-bacteria
homeostasis, keeping gut bacteria from over-proliferating. Approximately 10 percent of the human population
has a genetic mutation in TLR5, resulting in a complete lack of its function, according to Vijay-Kumar. These
individuals have a weakened immune system that may increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
"Our present study suggests that bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber and the production of short-chain fatty
acids contribute to deposition of fat in the liver," said Vijay-Kumar, adding that it may be detrimental to the liver if
these processes become dysregulated, especially in individuals with excess gut bacteria commonly associated
with intestinal and liver disorders.
Short-chain fatty acids may be beneficial to the host's health, but could be unfavorable in certain contexts where
dysregulated gut bacteria generate uncontrolled short-chain fatty acids for a prolonged period of time.
In the current study, published (Oct. 29) in the journal Cell Metabolism, the researchers found a link between
unchecked bacterial fermentation, short-chain fatty acids and increased liver lipids -- which can cause non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease, leading to liver damage. They also found that overconsumption of dietary fiber may
have adverse consequences in mice with compromised TLR5 function and gut bacterial overgrowth.

06 June 2016 Page 1 of 2 ProQuest

"Most of the observations describing the beneficial effects of short-chain fatty acids in metabolic disorders are
from short-term studies and primarily from healthy subjects and experimental animals," said Vishal Singh,
postdoctoral fellow in nutritional sciences, Penn State. "Our next goal is to analyze the long-term effects of
short-chain fatty acids, specifically in experimental models of type 2 diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome. We
envision that our studies would drive the field towards 'personalized' cautioned dietary intake of plant-derived
fiber in immunocompromised individuals."
Keywords for this news article include: Bacteria, Bariatrics, Penn State, Overnutrition, Diet and Nutrition,
Nutrition Disorders, Obesity and Diabetes, Obesity and Genetics.
Our reports deliver fact-based news of research and discoveries from around the world. Copyright 2015,
NewsRx LLC

People: Vijay-Kumar

Identifier / keyword: Bacteria, Bariatrics, Diet and Nutrition, Genetics, Nutrition Disorders, Obesity and Diabetes,
Obesity and Genetics, Overnutrition, Penn State

Publication title: Genomics & Genetics Weekly

First page: 39

Publication year: 2015

Publication date: Nov 20, 2015

Year: 2015

Publisher: NewsRx

Place of publication: Atlanta

Country of publication: United States

Publication subject: Medical Sciences

ISSN: 15316467

Source type: Trade Journals

Language of publication: English

Document type: Expanded Reporting

ProQuest document ID: 1732649760

Document URL:
http://simsrad.net.ocs.mq.edu.au/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1732649760?accountid=12219

Copyright: Copyright 2015, NewsRx LLC

Last updated: 2015-11-12

Database: ProQuest Central,ProQuest SciTech Collection

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