5) Holding and supporting Tools

While performing various operations on the work piece, it is necessary to hold the work piece
rigidly. Then whatever tools are used are known as holding tools.
The following types of vices are used for holding and supporting the work piece.
A) Fitter’s work bench
B) Fitter’s Bench vice
C) Machine Vice
D) Hand Vice
E) Pipe Vice
F) C Clamp
G) Leg vice
H) Pin Vice
I) Parallel Clamp

A) Fitter's Work Bench :- Fitter's Work Bench is strong and rigid in construction. It is made
from mild steel and on upper side wooden planks are fitted. On right hand side Fitter’s bench
vice is mounted with the help of nut and bolt. A safe guard is fitted in front of bench vice to
protect the person working on opposite side, while doing chiseling work. Drawers are used to
store files, hacksaw, chisels, try square and other measuring instruments. Sometimes the
surface plate is also kept on work bench for marking purpose.

B) Fitter's Bench Vice:- This vice is also known as parallel jaw vice. It is used for holding the
work piece while doing filling, hack sawing, chipping and bending work. It consist of fixed jaw,
movable jaw, handle, jaw plates, spindle, box nut, spring and pin. The spindle has Square
threads which engages with the box nut housed in fixed jaw. The body of the vice is made of
grey cast iron. Jaws plates and spindle are made of hardened tool steel. Jaw plates are fitted

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on fixed jaw and movable jaw. They have serrations to hold the work piece rigidly. The spring
is used to avoid jerks coming on spindle. The work piece is held between two jaw plates. The
size of the bench vice is decided according to the length of the jaw plate. A bench vice is
available in sizes from 75 mm to 150 mm.

C) Machine Vice :- Machine vice is used for clamping the work piece on the machine table of
drilling machine, milling machine, shaping machine etc. The body is made from cast iron to
absorb stresses uniformly and gives the rigid base for clamping the work piece. Machine vice
is mounted on the machine table by using T bolt and nut. It consist of base, fixed jaw, movable
jaw, spindle, handle, jaw plates etc.

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D) Hand Vice. :- Hand Vice is used for gripping small objects like screws, rivets, keys and
small flat work piece when they are in convenient to hold by the bench vice. It has two legs
made of mild steel which holds two jaws at the top and are hinged together at the bottom. A
spring is provided between these legs to keep them away. The work is held between the
serrated jaws by means of a wing nut and screw. It consist of jaws, spring, screw, wing nut and
pivot. It is used by key makers and machine repairs. It is held in hand and then the operations
are performed.

E) Pipe Vice :- Pipe vice is used for holding pipes, tubes and cylindrical work pieces to perform
threading, fitting and removeal of joints. It consist of base, frame, fixed jaw, movable jaw, lever, ‘V’
threaded spindle and handle. The base is fitted a long with the work bench by means of nut and bolt.
Jaws have v shape step grooves for gripping work piece pipe rigidly. This vice is used by a plumber.
Due the rotation of spindle, the movable jaw moves up and down.

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F) C Clamp :- C Clamp is used for clamping the work piece on the table or along with the angle plate
while doing marking on surface plate. It has C shape frame, spindle, shoe and handle. C shape frame
is made from cast iron and spindle is made from hardened steel. The spindle has ‘V’ shaped or square
threads. This clamp is used to hold work piece of various shapes and sizes, can be used congested
areas.

G) Leg vice :- Leg vice is mainly used forging and bending the work by blacksmiths. It is one
of the most important holding and supporting tool in the blacksmiths shop. It firmly holds hot
iron while it is hammered, chiseled or twisted. It consist of fixed jaw, hinged jaw, handle,
spring, leg. The body is extended up to the ground. This helps in absorbing sudden jerks.
The body and the hinged jaw are made from medium carbon steel casting. The work piece
which require hammering only are taken on the leg vice. The most common sizes range
from 100 mm to 150 mm.

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H) Pin Vice :- Pin vice is used for holding small parts such as wires, nails and pins. It consists
of three jaw self centering chuck which is operated by turning the handle to hold the work piece.
It is made from steel.

I) Parallel Clamp :- Parallel clamp is used for holding small work piece along with the angle
plate or table. It is also known as Tool maker’s clamp. Two jaws are parallel to each other
and moves parallel. Both jaws are attached to each other by using two screws.

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Exercise :-

1) Choose the correct option from the bracket and rewrite the following sentences.
a) The body of the bench vice is made of _______ . (cast steel, mild steel, cast iron)
b) Jaws plates and spindle are made of hardened ____. (tool steel, high speed steel, cast steel)
c) _______ is also known as tool maker’s clamp. (parallel clamp, c clamp, vice)
d) ______ vice is used for holding pipes, tubes and cylindrical work pieces to perform threading,
fitting and removing of joints. (machine, pipe, pin)
e) _____ vice is used for holding screws, rivets, keys and small flat work piece while doing filling
or grinding work. (machine, pin, hand)
f) ______ is used for holding small work piece along with the angle plate or table. (parallel
clamp, pin vice, bench vice)
g) _____ vice is mainly used forging and bending the work by blacksmiths. (pipe, leg, machine)
2) Answer the following questions.
a) Write down the types of vices used in fitting.
b) Explain the fitter’s bench vice hand vice along with a labelled diagram.
c) Explain the machine vice along with a labelled diagram.
d) Explain the hand vice along with a labelled diagram.
e) Explain the pipe vice along with a labelled diagram.
f) Explain the C clamp along with a labelled diagram.
g) Write a note on leg vice.
h) Explain the pin vice along with a labelled diagram.
i) Explain the parallel clamp along with a labelled diagram.

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