1. List out the Key Elements in OB.

The four elements of organizational behaviour are people, structure, technology, and the
external environment. By understanding how these elements interact with one another,
improvements can be made. While some factors are more easily controlled by the organization
—such as its structure or people hired—it still must be able to respond to external factors and
changes in the economic environment.

People: People refer to different employees working in organisations. These peoples work as
either individually or in groups and make up the whole working structure of the organisation.

These are very important factor and as there is no alternative available in place of its employees
for the companies. Employees help in achieving the objectives of the organisations.

They need to managed and treated properly. Managers are required to properly study and
understand the nature of their different employees. It will help in developing better employee
and employer relations. Productivity will eventually improve by properly understanding this
element.

Structure: Structure is related to the roles and relationship of different individuals working in an
organization. It is important that the roles and responsibility of each individual working in an
organization should be defined clearly.

It avoids any confusion and leads to better efficiency of peoples working there. It enables the
proper division of whole work and allocating right work to the right person.

Employees, when getting work as per their skill, achieve better efficiency and help in the
attainment of goals in a better way. Therefore, the structure has an important role in developing
the proper employer and employee relation network.

Technology: Technology is the one with the help of which employees are able to perform their
task effectively. In its absences, it is difficult for employees to work with bare hands. Technology
makes the task and work of people easy.

It includes different machines, methods, tools and resources. The requirement of technology
depends upon the nature of work to be done and scale of operations.

Technology has an important role in improving the work quality and reducing the cost of
production. However, the usage of technology puts certain restrictions on the freedom of people
working. It requires different terms and conditions to be followed.

External Environment: External Environment is a crucial part of organisation behaviour. There

are two types of environment within which organisation exist that is the internal environment
and external environment.

Organisation can’t exist alone and is a part of large system containing numerous elements like
society, family, government and other organisations.

2. Enumerate the Framework in Organizational Behaviour.

Three main theoretical frameworks of organizational behaviour include the cognitive,
behaviouristic and social learning frameworks. These form the basis of an organizational
behaviour model.

The cognitive approach is based on the expectancy, demand and incentive concepts. Edward
Tolman has developed this approach.

Behaviouristic framework concentrates on observable behaviours. Ivan Pavlov and John

B.Watson evolved the theoretical model of the behaviouristic approach. These theorists
described human behaviour on the basis of the connection between stimulus and response.

The social learning approach integrates the thoughts and principles of both the cognitive and
behaviouristic frameworks. This approach denotes that behaviour is explained as a constant
reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioural and environmental determinants.
Renowned theorists, Allbert Bandura, Julian Rotter, Salancik and Pfeffer are the main advocates
this framework.

3. Predict the Scope of OB.

The scope of organizational behaviour is as follows-

 The OB field does not rely on inferences based on gut impressions but rather aims to acquire
knowledge about a problem in a scientific manner under controlled settings. It uses
information and analyses the results so that an individual's and a group's behaviour may be
canalized as desired.
 Many psychologists, social scientists, and academics have conducted studies on various
aspects of organizational behaviour. Employee performance and work happiness are
important factors in achieving individual and organizational goals.
 Organizations have been established to meet the needs of the people and must be growth-
oriented in today's competitive environment. This is attainable if productivity is assured in
terms of the quantity of product to be produced while maintaining zero mistake quality.
Employee absence and turnover have a negative impact on production.
 An absent employee is frequently unable to contribute to the organization's productivity and
growth. Employee turnover, on the other hand, raises production costs. Job happiness is an
important aspect of evaluating an individual's success at work. Satisfied employees are
productive employees who help the development of acceptable work culture in a business.
 Organizations are made up of multiple person who work alone or collaboratively in teams,
and the number of such teams constitutes a department, and the number of such
departments constitutes an organization. It is a formal framework in which all departments
must work together to achieve the organizational goal.
 As a result, it is critical that all employees have a good attitude toward their jobs. They must
work in a pleasant environment and achieve their objectives. Managers must also cultivate a
suitable work culture. The delegation of some powers to subordinates, the division of work,
and effective communication are all examples of delegation of authority.
 Benchmarking, re-engineering, job re-design, and empowerment are all critical components
in ensuring that an organization runs like a well-oiled machine. This is true not only for
industrial companies but also for service and social groups.