MODULE

INST 1 – Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management

1. Title of the Module

1. Chapter 8: International and National Framework Strategy for Climate Change
2. Introduction
Over the years, many disaster risk reduction strategies have been developed both at
global and regional level. The very core of these initiatives is based on the
understanding that we can’t stop or control the occurrence of natural hazards, but
disaster risk and adverse impacts can be reduced by monitoring, systematically
analyzing and managing the causes of disasters, including by avoiding hazards,
reducing social and economic vulnerability, and improving preparedness for response to
adverse events.

3. Learning Outcome
At the end of Chapter 8, you are expected to be able to: a) know different
international and national strategy related to disaster risk reduction and climate
change adaptation b) evaluate the objectives and effectiveness of each strategy
framework c) determine the involvement different government sectors in the
Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework d) assess the
effectiveness of different National Republic Acts in addressing Climate Change
and Disasters.
4. Learning Content
“Disaster risk reduction” can be defined as “action taken to reduce the risk of
disasters and the adverse impacts of natural hazards, through systematic efforts
to analyze and manage the causes of disasters, including through avoidance of
hazards, reduced social and economic vulnerability to hazards, and improved
preparedness for adverse events”. It is therefore tailor-made to help counteract
the added risks arising from climate change.
International Framework Strategy on Climate Change
Adaptation through disaster risk reduction and the role of the Hyogo
Framework
The Yokohama Strategy, adopted in 1994, provides landmark guidance on
reducing disaster risk and the impacts of disasters both at national and
international level. It also constituted a basis for a new framework called Hyogo
Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and
Communities to Disasters (HFA).
The Hyogo Framework for Action provides the foundation for the implementation
of disaster risk reduction. Agreed at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction
in January 2005, in Kobe, Japan, with the support of 168 Governments, its
intended outcome for the decade is “the substantial reduction of losses, in lives
and in the social, economic and environmental assets of communities and
countries”. It specifically identifies the need to “promote the integration of risk
reduction associated with existing climate variability and future climate change
into strategies for the reduction of disaster risk and adaptation to climate
change...”.
Hyogo Framework
Based on a review of past successes and failures in reducing disaster risks, the
Hyogo Framework sets out five priorities for action, each elaborated into a
number of specific areas of attention. These offer a strong basis for developing
concrete risk-reducing adaptation measures, for example:
1. Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with a
strong institutional basis for implementation. This need is critical to both
adaptation and risk reduction. Suggested actions toward achieving this
priority include: encouraging a core ministry with a broad mandate including
finance, economics or planning, to be responsible for mainstreaming climate
change adaptation policies and activities; organizing a national high-level
policy dialogue to prepare a national adaptation strategy that links with
disaster risk reduction strategies; formalizing collaboration and the
coordination of climate-related risk reduction activities through a multi-sector
mechanism such as a national platform for disaster risk reduction; and
developing mechanisms to actively engage women, communities and local
governments in the assessment of vulnerability and impacts and the
formulation of local adaptation activities.
2. Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning.
Important steps under this priority include developing and disseminating high
quality information about climate hazards and their likely future changes;
conducting assessments of vulnerability and especially vulnerable groups;
preparing briefings for policymakers and sector leaders; reviewing the
effectiveness of early warning systems; implementing procedures to ensure
warnings reach vulnerable groups; and undertaking public information
programs to help people understand the risks they face and how to respond
to warnings.
3. Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety
and resilience at all levels. This principle applies equally to adaptation and
disaster risk reduction. Specific steps should include collating and
disseminating good practices; undertaking public information programs on
local and personal actions that contribute to safety and resilience; publicizing
 community successes; training the media on climate related issues;
developing education curricula on climate adaptation and risk reduction;
supporting research programs on resilience; and improving mechanisms for
knowledge transfer from science to application for risk management in
climate-sensitive sectors.
4. Reduce the underlying risk factors. This covers the many environmental
and societal factors that create or exacerbate the risks from natural hazards.
Measures can include incorporating climate risk-related considerations in
development planning processes and macro-economic projections; requiring
the use of climate risk-related information in city planning, land-use planning,
water management, and environmental and natural resource management;
strengthening and maintaining protective works such as coastal wave
barriers, river levees, flood ways and flood ponds; requiring routine
assessment and reporting of climate risks in infrastructure projects, building
designs, and other engineering practices; developing risk transfer
mechanisms and social safety nets; supporting programs for diversification of
livelihoods; and instituting adaptation activities in plans for recovery from
specific disasters.
5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels.
Resilience building and early warning systems contribute to this priority. Other
specific actions can include revising preparedness plans and contingency
plans to account for the projected changes in existing hazards and new
hazards not experienced before; building evacuation mechanisms and shelter
facilities; and developing specific preparedness plans for areas where
settlements and livelihoods are under threat of permanent change.
APEC Strategy on Response to and Preparedness for Natural Disasters and
Emergencies
This strategy aims to enable the region to better prepare for and respond to
emergencies and disasters by complementing the multilateral, bilateral and
national efforts to strengthen disaster risk reduction, preparedness and response
in the Asia-Pacific. It identifies potential areas for increased cooperation and the
development of joint initiatives for APEC's current and future emergency
preparedness activities.
The major objectives of the strategy are to:
 provide APEC economies with solid information on the economic and
social costs of disasters and on the human and economic costs of failing
to take action;
 analyze gaps in regional disaster risk reduction approaches with a view to
developing targeted capacity-building initiatives; and
  identify a suite of practical mechanisms, instruments and communication
products for implementation at a community level, including measures that
enhance business and community resilience.
Since the adoption of the Strategy, APEC’s Emergency Preparedness Working
Group (EPWG) focused on capacity building through training courses and
workshops related with emergency response and recovery, damage assessment
techniques, hazard mapping and vulnerability assessment, private sector
emergency preparedness, school earthquake safety and wildfires management
in APEC region (APEC website, 2013).
Strategy on Management of Disaster Risks and Climate Changes
Implications in the Islamic World
Endorsed by the member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation
(OIC) in 2010, is based on a holistic approach for regional cooperation, and
information and experience sharing. It pursues a number of general and specific
objectives highlighting the main action areas like:
 strengthening governance capacity,
 reinforcing risk assessments and early warning systems,
 developing partnerships and cooperation projects, education and training,
 building information management networks and databases,
 promoting a culture of prevention and reinforcing preparedness to
disasters, as well as post-disaster response and recovery.
The work plan for the implementation of the Strategy was adopted in 2012. Given
the large number of countries represented in the OIC and the broad variety in
their vulnerability profiles as well as the different stages of implementing
comprehensive risk mitigation strategies, a Phased Approach is recommended in
the work plan.
The 3-year first phase of the work plan (2013-2015) aims to strengthen DRR
capacity in member countries, advance regional initiatives for disaster risk
reduction, promote disaster risk financing and insurance strategies, and lay the
groundwork for the second phase. The 5-year second phase (2016-2020) will be
related with implementation of comprehensive disaster risk management
programs at the national level by focusing at preparation for disasters and post-
disaster response and reconstruction capacities.
The African Union Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction
The African Union Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction, adopted in 2004, aims to
contribute to the attainment of sustainable development and poverty eradication
by:
 facilitating the integration of disaster risk reduction into development,
  increasing political commitment to disaster risk reduction,
 improving identification and assessment of disaster risks,
 enhancing knowledge management for disaster risk reduction,
 increasing public awareness of disaster risk reduction,
 improving governance of disaster risk reduction institutions, and
 integrating disaster risk reduction in emergency response management.
In 2005, a Programme of Action for the implementation of the African Strategy for
Disaster Risk Reduction (2005-2010) was developed and adopted. Furthermore,
with a view to aligning this strategy with Hyogo Framework, in 2010, a revision in
the Programme of Action took place and it was extended up to 2015.
SAARC Comprehensive Framework on Disaster Management and
Prevention
Adopted in 2007, provides a platform for South Asian countries to establish and
strengthen the regional disaster management system to reduce risks and to:
 improve response and recovery management at all levels;
 identify and elaborate national and regional priorities for action;
 share best practices and lessons learnt from disaster risk reduction efforts
at national levels;
 establish a regional system to develop and implement regional programs
and projects for early warning;
 establish a regional system of exchanging information on prevention,
preparedness and management of natural disasters;
 create a regional response mechanism dedicated to disaster
preparedness, emergency relief and rehabilitation to ensure immediate
response; and
 create a regional mechanism to facilitate monitoring and evaluation of
achievements towards goals and strategies
Cost-effectiveness of disaster risk reduction as an adaptation measure
Disaster risk reduction offers cost-effective approaches to reduce the negative
impacts of flooding, landslides, heat waves, temperature extremes, droughts and
intense storms. The benefits can be calculated not only in money saved, but also
in more secure livelihoods and saved lives. Some examples include:
 China spent US$3.15 billion on flood control between 1960 and 2000,
which is estimated to have averted losses of about US$12 billion.
 The Rio de Janeiro flood reconstruction and prevention project in Brazil
yielded an internal rate of return exceeding 50%.
 The disaster mitigation and preparedness programmed in Andrha
Pradesh, India yielded a benefit/ cost ratio of 1338.
  A mangrove-planting project in Vietnam aimed at protecting coastal
populations from typhoons and storms yielded an estimated benefit/cost
ratio of 52 over the period 1994 to 2001.
 Property-owners in the US Gulf States who implemented hurricane
protection methods employed at nearly 500 locations avoided US$500
million in property losses from Hurricane Katrina, after customer
investments of only US$2.5 million. These customers sustained eight
times less damage than those who choose not to implement the protection
measures.
Disaster risk reduction and the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC) process
The UNFCCC Parties have recognized that existing knowledge and capacities
for coping with extreme weather events must be harnessed to adapt to climate
change. The Bali Action Plan’s directions for adaptation call for the consideration
of:
“Risk management and risk reduction strategies, including risk sharing and
transfer mechanisms such as insurance;
Disaster reduction strategies and means to address loss and damage associated
with climate change impacts in developing countries that are particularly
vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change.”
Also, many of the general principles and requirements for adaptation that are
listed in the Bali Action Plan are highly relevant to reducing disaster risk,
particularly vulnerability assessments, capacity-building and response strategies,
as well as integration of actions into sectoral and national planning.
The need to systematically integrate disaster risk reduction and adaptation into
national development strategies has also emerged as a key conclusion from a
number of recent international policy forums. In particular, the “Stockholm Plan of
Action for Integrating Disaster Risk and Climate Change Impacts in Poverty
Reduction”28 and the recent Oslo Policy Forum on “Changing the Way We
Develop: Dealing with Disasters and Climate Change” reiterated this view.
In support of the Bali Action Plan, and based on consultation with ISDR system
partners and UNFCCC Parties, the UNISDR has identified and promoted the
following three areas of action over 2008.
 Develop national coordination mechanisms to link disaster risk
reduction and adaptation. This can be done for example through
convening interdepartmental and national consultation meetings with
personnel from the fields of disaster risk reduction, climate change and
development, formally cross-linking the national platform for disaster risk
reduction and the national climate change team, and encouraging dialog
 system and information exchange between climate change and disaster
reduction bodies, focal points and experts.
 Conduct a baseline assessment on the status of disaster risk
reduction and adaptation efforts. This involves efforts by countries to
collect and summarize national risk information, including socio-economic
data concerning vulnerability and institutional capacities, together with
reviews of relevant existing policies, particularly development strategies
and sector plans, Hyogo Framework implementation, adaptation
programs, and national risk transfer mechanisms.
 Prepare adaptation plans drawing on the Hyogo Framework. Based
on the assessment of needs and gaps, this task could include the joint
development of a disaster reduction plan and an adaptation plan. It should
capitalize on National Adaptation Plans of Action where present and other
adaptation initiatives, and should use the concepts and language of the
Hyogo Framework where appropriate, ideally with action on all five of the
Hyogo Framework’s priorities, to ensure a comprehensive, integrated and
systematic approach to adaptation.
National Framework Strategy on Climate Change
The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) fulfills
the requirement of RA No. 10121 of 2010, which provides the legal basis for
policies, plans and programs to deal with disasters. The NDRRMP covers four
thematic areas, namely:
(1) Disaster Prevention and Mitigation;
(2) Disaster Preparedness;
(3) Disaster Response; and
(4) Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery,
These areas correspond to the structure of the National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Council (NDRRMC). By law, the Office of Civil Defense
formulates and implements the NDRRMP and ensures that the physical
framework, social, economic and environmental plans of communities, cities,
municipalities and provinces are consistent with such plan.
The NDRRMP is consistent with the National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Framework (NDRRMF), which serves as “the principal guide to
disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) efforts to the country….” The
Framework envisions a country of “safer, adaptive and disaster resilient Filipino
communities toward sustainable development.” It conveys a paradigm shift from
reactive to proactive DRRM wherein men and women have increased their
awareness and understanding of DRRM, with the end in view of increasing
people’s resilience and decreasing their vulnerabilities.
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
The NDRRMP sets down the expected outcomes, outputs, key activities,
indicators, lead agencies, implementing partners and timelines under each of the
four distinct yet mutually reinforcing thematic areas. The goals of each thematic
area lead to the attainment of the country’s overall DRRM vision, as graphically
shown below.

The NDDRMP goals are to be achieved by 2028 through 14 objectives, 24

outcomes, 56 outputs, and 93 activities. The 24 outcomes, with their respective
overall responsible agencies, are summarized below.
The NDRRMP is a road map on how DRRM shall contribute to gender-
responsive and rights-based sustainable development. Highlights include:
 The need for institutionalizing DRRM policies, structures, coordination
mechanisms and programs with continuing budget appropriation on DRR
from national down to local levels. Thus, several activities will strengthen
the capacity of the personnel of national government and the local
government units (LGUs) and partner stakeholders, build the disaster
resilience of communities and institutionalize arrangements and measures
for reducing disaster risks, including climate risks.
  The importance of mainstreaming DRRM and CCA in the development
processes such as policy formulation, socio-economic development
planning, budgeting and governance, particularly in the area of
environment, agriculture, water, energy, health, education, poverty
reduction, land-use and urban planning and public infrastructure and
housing, among others. This is achieved through activities such as
development of common tools to analyze the various hazards and
vulnerability factors which put communities and people in harms way.
 Competency and science-based capacity building activities alongside the
nurturing of continuous learning through knowledge development and
management of good DRRM practices on the ground.
 The inclusion of human-induced disasters that result in internally displaced
persons, public anxiety, loss of lives, destruction of property and
sometimes socio-political stability. Encompassing conflict resolution
approaches, the plan seeks to mainstream DRRM into the peace process.
NDRRMP Timelines
In general, the set of activities are divided into three timelines: Short term, 2011 –
2013; Medium term, 2014 – 2016; and Long term, 2017 – 2028. In the medium-
term, NDRRMP shall have contributed to meeting the commitments under the
Millenium Development Goals and Hyogo Framework for Action. The activities
identified under the short and medium terms coincide with and complement the
targets made under the Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016. The long-term
activities and projects are expected to be completed at the same time as that of
the National Climate Change Action Plan to reinforce the convergence of these
two plans.
For Thematic Areas 3 and 4, operational timelines are indicated in the plan. The
use of operational timelines is deemed useful at the local level during actual
operations in response, rehabilitation and recovery. If the activities last beyond
six years for rehabilitation and recovery, the duration is considered long term. In
the area of Disaster Response, the maximum timeline is “beyond three months.”
NDRRMP Priority Projects
To fast track the implementation of the NDRRMP, priority projects and
demonstration sites identified are identified. The purpose is to either replicate
good DRRM practices or implement projects in areas which need them most. All
priority projects are to be implemented within the immediate or short term period
from 2011 to 2013. The priority projects of the NDRRMP are:
1. Development of the following Plans:
 Joint workplan for DRRM and CCA
 Local DRRM plans
  National Disaster Response Plan (to include a system for Search,
Rescue and Retrieval SRR; scenario-based preparedness and
response plans)
 Risk financing
2. Development of IEC and advocacy materials on RA 10121, DRRM and CCA
3. Development of guidelines on
 Communications and information protocol before, during and after
disasters
 Creation of DRRM teams
 Criteria/standards for local flood early warning systems
 Evacuation
 Infrastructure redesign and/or modifications
 Manual of operations of disaster operations centers
4. Development of tools on
 DRRM and CCA mainstreaming in the national and local-level planning
 Damage and Needs Assessment (DANA) and Post-DANA
 Psychosocial concerns
5. Establishment of
 DRRM Training Institutes
 Local flood early warning systems (through integrated and sustainable
management river basins and water sheds – like the Cagayan River
Basin (CRB) in Region 2
 End-to-End Early Warning Systems in Provinces of Bulacan, Leyte,
Albay, Municipalities of Kitcharao and Santiago, Agusan del Norte and
Butuan City
6. Establishment of local DRRM Councils and Offices and their operations
centers, as prescribed by RA 10121
7. Conduct of inventory of existing DRRM and CCA resources and services
8. Development and implementation of DRRM and CCA activities using 5% of
government agency’s allocation from the annual national budget or General
Appropriations Act (GAA);
9. Hazard and risk mapping in the most high-risk areas in the country (e.g.,
community-based DRRM and CCA risk mapping in the municipalities of
Kitcharao and Santiago in Agusan del Norte and Butuan City)
10. Institutional capability program on DRRM and CCA for decision makers,
public sector employees, and key stakeholders
11. Mainstreaming DRRM and CCA (e.g., Esperanza Municipality in Agusan del
Sur in CARAGA and in San Francisco Municipality in Camotes Island)
12. PDNA capacity building for national government agencies, regional line
agencies, and local offices.
13. Review, amend and/or revise the following:
 Building Code and integrate DRRM and CCA
  Executive Order No. 72 s. 1993, which provides for the preparation
and implementation of the CLUPs of local government units
 Implementing Rules and Regulations of RA No. 10121
 Various environmental policies (i.e., EO No. 26, etc) to integrate
DRRM and CCA
Implementation of the NDRRMP
At the national level, implementation of the NDRRMP shall take place through
the integration of DRRM into relevant national plans such as the Philippine
Development Plan (PDP) as well through the development and implementation of
respective action plans of government agencies for their respective activities as
indicated in the NDRRMP.
As explicitly stated under Republic Act 10121, the NDRRMC has the overall
responsibility of approving the NDRRMP and ensuring that it is consistent with
the NDRRMF. It also has the main responsibility of coordination, integration,
supervision and monitoring the development and enforcement by agencies and
organizations of the various laws, plans, programs, guidelines, codes, or
technical standards required by this Act; managing and mobilizing resources for
DRRM, including the National DRRM Fund; monitoring and providing the
necessary guidelines and procedures on the Local DRRM Fund (LDRRMF)
releases as well as the utilization, accounting, and auditing thereof. Within the
NDRRMC, four committees will be established to deal with the four thematic
areas set forth in the NDRRMP and the NDRRMF. Following RA 10121, the
overall lead or focal agency for each of the four priority areas are the vice-
chairpersons of the NDRRMC, namely:
 Vice-Chairperson for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation: Department of
Science and Technology (DOST)
 Vice-Chairperson for Disaster Preparedness: Department of Interior and
Local Government (DILG)
 Vice-Chairperson for Disaster Response: Department of Social Welfare
and Development (DSWD)
 Vice-Chairperson for Rehabilitation and Recovery: National Economic and
Development Authority (NEDA)
In addition, the Office of Civil Defense has the main responsibility of ensuring the
implementation and monitoring of the NDRRMP. Specifically, it is tasked to
conduct periodic assessment and performance monitoring of member-agencies
of the NDRRMC and the RDRRMCs as indicated in the NDRRMP. It is also
responsible for ascertaining that the physical framework, social, economic and
environmental plans of communities, cities, municipalities and provinces are
consistent with the NDRRMP. OCD is also tasked to make sure that all DRR
programs, projects and activities requiring regional and international support shall
be in accordance with duly established national policies and aligned with
international agreements. At the regional and local levels, the OCD needs to
review and evaluate the Local DRRM Plans (LDRRMPs) to facilitate the
integration of DRR measures into the local Comprehensive Development Plan
(CDP) and the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP).
Agency leads and implementing partner organizations and/or groups are
identified in the NDRRMP to ensure the effective implementation of the
NDRRMP. Lead agencies and implementing partners shall work together to
identify specific programs and projects and pin down specific budgets to effect
better DRRM investments and synergy between government programs.
The NDRRMP also outlines the roles of the national government, the NDRRMC,
OCD, the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
(RDRRMC), the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Offices
(LDRRMOs), and the Provincial, City, Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Councils (P/C/MDRRMC or Local DRRMCs),
An important link in the national-local chain are the Regional Disaster Risk
Reduction and Managament Councils (RDRRMCs) and the Local DRRMCs. The
RDRRMC shall take the overall lead in ensuring that DRRM-sensitive regional
development plans contribute to and are aligned with the NDRRMP. Local DRRM
Plans (LDRRMPs) which OCD is tasked to evaluate, shall ensure that DRR
measures are incorporated into the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP)
and the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of the local government units.
The LDRRMPs shall be developed by the Local DRRM Offices (LDRRMOs) at
the provincial, city and municipal levels and the Barangay Development Councils.
These offices shall play a critical role in attaining community resilience against
disasters.
Resource Mobilization
At the national and local levels, the following sources can be tapped to fund the
various DRRM programs and projects:
1. General Appropriations Act (GAA) – through the existing budgets of the
national line and government agencies
2. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (NDRRMF)
3. Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF)
4. Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF)
5. Donor Funds
6. Adaptation and Risk Financing
7. Disaster Management Assistance Fund (DMAF).
 Aside from the fund sources, the NDRRMP will also tap into the non-monetary
resources available which can help attain the targets identified in this plan,
namely:
1. Community-based good practices for replication and scaling up
2. Indigenous practices on DRRM
3. Public-Private-Partnerships
4. DRR and CCA networks of key stakeholders.
Monitoring and Evaluation
Results-based programming shall be used in ensuring that implementation is on
time and learning from experiences is built into the DRRM system. The OCD
shall develop a standard monitoring and evaluation template together with the
Technical Management Group. The stepwise monitoring and evaluation process
includes the LGU, regional and national levels. To monitor and evaluate, the
indicators will be used against targets and activities identified in each of the four
thematic areas of the NDRRMP with the aid of the identified means of
verification. Annual reporting is done by the NDRRMC through the OCD to the
Office of the President, Senate and House of Representatives, within the quarter
of the succeeding year. The HFA Monitor online tool will also be used by the
NDRRMC as a working format to undertake national multi-stakeholder
consultation processes as progress is reviewed and challenges are
systematically identified.
*RA 9729: Climate Change Act 2009
*RA 10121: Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010
5. Teaching and Learning Activities
Activity 1: Understanding Hyogo Framework. Based on the five (5) priorities for
action of Hyogo Framework, determine by means of Yes or No, if the Philippines
already developed concrete risk-reducing adaptation measures. Explain your
answer in 2 to 3 sentences. (25pts)
1. Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with a strong
institutional basis for implementation.
2. Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning.
3. Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and
resilience at all levels.
4. Reduce the underlying risk factors.
5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels.
 Activity 2: The NDDRMP goals are to be achieved by 2028 through 14
objectives. Choose atleast five (5) and give specific example on how to feasibly
achieve these objectives. (25pts)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Activity 3: Analysis. Give atleast one (1) important key points or objectives of
each National Republic Acts in addressing Climate Change and Disasters and
analyze their effectiveness. Limit your answer in 3to 5 sentences. (10pts)
1. RA 9729: Climate Change Act 2009
2. RA 10121: Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010
6. Recommended learning materials and resources for supplementary reading.
 Towards Resilience: A Guide to Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change
Adaptation by Turnbull, Marilise et al. 2013.
 National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Framework 2011-2028
7. Flexible Teaching Learning Modality (FTLM) adopted
Example:
Online (synchronous)
//Youtube
Remote (asynchronous)
//module, exercises, problems sets, powerpoint lessons
8. Assessment Task
Before answering the following questions, analyzed the picture and watch the video
entitled, What if we could use nature to prevent disasters?.
Link: https://blogs.worldbank.org/sustainablecities/what-if-we-could-use-nature-prevent-
disaster
A. Write a 8- to 10-sentence synthesis focusing on how “Nature-Based Solutions” or
“Green Infrastructure” can reduce disaster risk and produce more resilient and
 lower cost services in developing countries. Attached example picture of at least
one (1) “Green Infrastructure” and how it works. (20pts)
Your answers will be graded according to the given standards/basis for grading:
Score Criteria
5 Unable to elicit the ideas and concepts
10 Able to elicit the ideas and concepts but shows erroneous understanding
15 Able to elicit the ideas and concepts and shows correct understanding
20 Able to elicit the correct ideas and also shows evidence of internalization
and consistently contributes additional thought to the core idea

9. References (at least 3 references preferably copyrighted within the last 5 years,
alphabetically arranged)
Alpay, Savas., Bagci, Kenan., Aydin, Nadi Serhan., Dabour, Nabil M., Ahme,
Azhari G. 2014. MANAGING DISASTERS AND CONFLICTS IN OIC
COUNTRIES. The Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training
Centre for Islamic Countries (SESRIC). Kudüs Cad. No: 9, Diplomatik Site,
06450 Oran, Ankara –Turkey
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. 2008. Climate Change and
Disaster Risk Reduction. International Environment House II, 7-9 Chemin de
Balexert, CH 1219 Chatelaine, Geneva 10, Switzerland New phone and fax
numbers: Tel: +41 22 917 8908/8907 Fax: +41 22 917 8964 isdr@un.org
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP). 2011‐2028
Retrieved on July 15, 2020 at www.ndrrmc.gov.ph
Turnbull, Marilise., Sterrett, Charlotte L., Hilleboe, Amy. 2013. Towards
Resilience: A Guide to Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation.
Practical Action Publishing Ltd. The Schumacher Centre Bourton on Dunsmore,
Rugby, Warwickshire CV23 9QZ, UK. www.practicalactionpublishing.org
What is a MODULE?
It refers to an instructional unit that focuses on a particular topic. It includes
information about the topic, focuses on student – centered learning activities and
culminate in an output for students, uses active rather than passive learning
experiences, thus students, may be more engaged, understand real-world.
Learning Resources
Key readings and other learning materials for students to study, to learn the key
concepts covered in the module.
Learning resources are texts, videos, software, and other materials that the
teacher use to assist students to meet the expectations for learning.
ISUE__ __ Syl ___
Revision: 02
Effectivity: August 1, 2020