Western Civilization Volume I To 1715 9th Edition Spielvogel Test Bank

Western Civilization Volume I To 1715
9th Edition Spielvogel Test Bank

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Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 6 - The Roman Empire.

1. Why was it important to Augustus to retain the outward trappings of the republican state?
ANSWER: Answers will vary.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The New Order
2. How would you characterize Augustus’s social policies? What goals were his policies meant to achieve?
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Augustan Society
3. Define “Romanization.” In what areas and with what social groups was Romanization most complete? Why?
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Roman Empire at Its Height: Frontiers and Provinces
4. What accounts for the prosperity of the early empire? In your opinion, what factor was most important? Why?
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Prosperity in the Early Empire
5. Assume that you are a Roman citizen living in Rome in the second century C.E. Discuss both the potential good and
bad aspects of your daily existence.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Imperial Rome
6. The historian Edward Gibbon claimed that the Roman Empire in second century C.E. was a true Golden Age. What
evidence could give credence to Gibbon's argument and what evidence could be given to refute it?
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Golden Age of Latin Literature
The Silver Age of Latin Literature
The Upper-Class Roman Family
Imperial Rome
7. Explain the factors involved in the spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire. To what groups did Christianity most
appeal? Why?
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Origins of Christianity
8. What message did Virgil intend to convey to his Roman audience in his epic masterpiece, the Aeneid?
POINTS: 1
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Name: Class: Date:

9. One historian has said that the Romans became Christians and the Christians became Romans. Discuss. Be specific.
POINTS: 1
10. What important changes took place in the Roman family in the first two centuries C.E.?
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Upper-Class Family
11. Dead Sea Scrolls

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Jewish Background
12. Augustus
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Age of Augustus
13. principate
POINTS: 1
14. imperator
POINTS: 1
15. legates
POINTS: 1
16. pax Romana

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Five “Good Emperors”
17. equestrian order

POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:

18. the imperial cult
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Religious World of the Romans
19. Virgil's Aeneid

POINTS: 1
20. Horace
POINTS: 1
21. Ovid
POINTS: 1
22. Livy
POINTS: 1
23. praetorian guard

POINTS: 1
24. Julio-Claudians
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Julio-Claudians and the Flavians
25. Nero
POINTS: 1
26. chariot races

POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:

27. Flavians
POINTS: 1
28. good emperors

POINTS: 1
29. Sassanid Persians

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Political and Military Woes
30. Hadrian's Pantheon

POINTS: 1
31. Caracalla
POINTS: 1
32. Zenobia
POINTS: 1
33. the Silk Road

POINTS: 1
34. latifundia
POINTS: 1
35. Seneca
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Silver Age of Latin Literature

Name: Class: Date:

36. Romanization
POINTS: 1
37. Tacitus
POINTS: 1
38. Ahuramazda
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Religious World of the Roman Empire
39. Colosseum
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Gladiatorial Shows
40. polytheistic
POINTS: 1
41. insulae
POINTS: 1
42. "Bread and Circuses"

POINTS: 1
43. gladiatorial games

POINTS: 1
44. Circus Maximus

POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:

45. Pontius Pilate
POINTS: 1
46. Ulpian
POINTS: 1
47. paterfamilias
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Upper-Class Roman Family
48. Septimius Severus

POINTS: 1
49. Goths and Franks

POINTS: 1
50. Mithraism
POINTS: 1
51. Sadducees and Pharisees

POINTS: 1
52. Essenes and the Dead Sea Scrolls

POINTS: 1
53. Zealots
POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:

54. Messiah
POINTS: 1
55. Jesus
POINTS: 1
56. Paul of Tarsus

POINTS: 1
57. the gospels

POINTS: 1
58. bishops
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Growth of Christianity
59. Perpetua
POINTS: 1
60. Diocletian
POINTS: 1
61. What happened to the Roman Senate under Augustus?

a. It was stripped of all but the most superficial of powers.
b. It was a full and equal partner of the princeps.
c. It was retained as the chief deliberative body of the Roman state.
d. It was no longer a high court of justice nor allowed to control the public treasury.
e. It was completely dissolved and eliminated.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
Name: Class: Date:

62. Although the Senate granted Octavian the title “Augustus” (revered one), he preferred to be addressed by what title?
a. Pontifex
b. Dominus
c. Overlord
d. Senator
e. Princeps
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
63. What was a consequence of the civil wars of the first century B.C.E.?
a. The Roman army was permanently weakened.
b. Roman government shrank and became more efficient.
c. The Roman army increased in size and become more professional.
d. Roman government became more democratic and egalitarian.
e. The Roman army disintegrated.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
64. Which of these was one of Augustus’s accomplishments?

a. He tripled the state budget surplus.
b. He returned Rome to its republican roots.
c. He extended Roman citizenship to all inhabitants of the empire.
d. He legalized Christianity.
e. He added considerable new territory to the empire.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
65. Who were the Roman praetorian guards?

a. Elite troops given the task of protecting the emperor
b. Mobile units meant to patrol the boundaries of the empire
c. Retired veterans often used to train the gladiators
d. Cavalry used to spearhead military offensives
e. Soldiers stationed along Hadrian's Wall in northern Britain
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
66. What was a requirement for membership in the equestrian order?

a. Senatorial ancestors
b. Twenty years of service in the army
Name: Class: Date:

c. Property valued at 400,000 sesterces
d. Written approval from the emperor
e. Five years of residence in the city of Rome
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
67. What was the highest Roman social class in the early Roman Empire?
a. The senatorial class
b. The equestrian class
c. The consul class
d. The royal class
e. The magisterial class
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
68. What event curtailed Augustus's expansionist policies?

a. The Senatorial rejection of imperialist policy in 20 B.C.E.
b. The defeat by Varus in the Teutoburg Forest
c. The revolt of the Egyptians in 14 B.C.E.
d. The successful series of invasions by the Parthians in the east
e. The revolt by the Jews in Judea
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
69. What was one of Augustus’s key innovations in Roman provincial rule?
a. Abandonment of North Africa
b. Division of Roman provinces into those ruled directly by the princeps and the senatorial provinces
administered by the Senate
c. Use of military governors alone
d. Complete revision of provincial tax policies
e. Creation of a federal system wherein provincial governors had almost complete power
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: The New Order
POINTS: 1
70. Which statement best describes Romanization in the Roman Empire?

a. It occurred quickly in the west.
b. It developed first in the lower classes.
c. It saw Latin illuminate the use of the Greek language in the east.
d. It never included the practice of allowing local inhabitants to become Roman officials.
Name: Class: Date:

e. It occurred more quickly in the east than the west because of greater urbanization in the east.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
71. What was the most important development of the Augustan Age?
a. The Roman economy collapsed.
b. The imperial order became permanent.
c. The empire was plunged into civil war.
d. The Romans lost control of the eastern portion of the empire.
e. The Romans conquered the Greeks.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Significance of the Augustan Age
72. Which statement is true of Augustan society?

a. Popular assemblies of the lower classes continually grew in importance.
b. Legislation was passed concerning the corruption of morals.
c. Equestrians gained the upper hand in the political sphere.
d. Religion was no longer considered important.
e. The city of Rome, including the Colosseum, was entirely rebuilt.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
73. Which statement accurately portrays the social classes during the early Roman Empire?
a. Provincials were allowed to hold certain high magisterial positions.
b. The power of the equestrian class was expanded.
c. The Senate was expanded to include 400 equestrians.
d. Debt slavery was ended as a means to acquire slaves.
e. Independent farms made up the soldiers in Rome's legions.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
74. What was one of Augustus's most significant actions in the area of Roman religion?
a. Destruction of the cults of Augustus and Roma
b. Claim to be a god in his own lifetime
c. Creation of an imperial cult
d. Elimination of all traditional female religious festivals
e. Destruction of all of the mystery religions
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
Name: Class: Date:

75. The Flavian dynasty came to power as a result of

a. an election.
b. a civil war.
c. a condition of Nero’s last will and testament.
d. a coup d’état.
e. a slave revolt.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
76. Which city, located on the Tiber, was Rome's chief port?
a. Venice
b. Marseilles
c. Milan
d. Tiberius
e. Ostia
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
77. What was Livy most known for in the Augustan Age?
a. Aeneid
b. Metamophoses
c. Satires
d. Meditations
e. History of Rome in 142 books
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
78. At its height in the second century, how large was the population of the Roman Empire?
a. Almost one billion
b. Less than four million
c. Over 600 million
d. Between 30 and 35 million
e. More than 50 million
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
79. What is the subject of the Aeneid?

Name: Class: Date:

a. The establishment of Rome
b. The Punic Wars
c. The joys of farming
d. Freedom and liberty
e. Christian justice
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
80. Which statement best describes The Art of Love?

a. It condemned the loose sexual morals of the Roman upper classes.
b. It caused great displeasure to Augustus and led to Ovid's eventual exile.
c. It was a guidebook for married women.
d. It was a poetical treatise on romantic love.
e. It was focused spiritual love, not physical love.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ovid and the Art of Love
The Golden Age of Latin Literature
81. The "golden age" historian Livy is best known for his
a. rejection of Latin prose in favor of Greek poetic forms.
b. perception of history in terms of sharp moral lessons.
c. factual accuracy and critical judgment toward his sources and Rome's past.
d. written work, Epistles, which portrayed Rome as a degenerate society in a state of collapse.
e. depiction of the Trojan Wars, which was the subject of the Aeneid.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
82. When Augustus died, who chose his successor?

a. The army
b. The Senate
c. Augustus himself
d. The praetorian guard
e. The citizens of Rome through a vote
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Early Empire
83. Which statement best describes the Julio-Claudian emperors?

a. They were all competent rulers.
b. They varied in ability and effectiveness.
Name: Class: Date:

c. They were responsible for a tremendous amount of social legislation.
d. They undid all the military reforms of Augustus.
e. They were all completely incompetent.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
84. Which trend developed during the reigns of the Julio-Claudian emperors?
a. Emperors took more and more actual ruling power away from the old Senate.
b. All efforts to achieve bureaucratic organization of imperial government eventually failed.
c. Emperors turned over more and more of the daily affairs of government to the Senate.
d. The power of imperial military forces stationed in Rome declined.
e. The Senate seized political power against the wishes of the weak emperors.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
85. Who was the first of the Flavian emperors?

a. Nero
b. Tiberius
c. Hadrian
d. Caligula
e. Vespasian
ANSWER: e
RATIONALE: The Julio-Claudians and the Flavians
POINTS: 1
86. Which trait was typical of the average Roman city in the West?
a. It was much larger than the average city in the East.
b. It was politically autonomous.
c. It was inhabited solely by Roman citizens.
d. It had only a few thousand inhabitants.
e. It had a unique and distinctive appearance.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
87. Which of these legal concepts were developed by the Romans?

a. Dependent rights
b. Equal rights
c. Natural rights
d. Royal rights
e. Fiscal rights
Name: Class: Date:

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
88. What was an important economic trend during the early empire?
a. Steady drain of gold and silver from the West to the East
b. Growing income equality
c. Rapid decline in unemployment
d. Frequent, and long lasting, economic downturns
e. Virtually no inflation
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
89. With what philosophical school is Seneca most closely associated?

a. Skepticism
b. Cynicism
c. Platonism
d. Epicureanism
e. Stoicism
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
90. Who was the greatest historian of the "silver age" of Latin literature?
a. Petronius
b. Tacitus
c. Seneca
d. Juvenal
e. Suetonius
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
91. What was the subject of prolific "silver age" writer Seneca's works?
a. He rejected the Stoic ideal of political service for a carefree life of opulence.
b. He satirized Rome's new rich class in his Satyricon.
c. He composed philosophical letters on the theme of Stoicism.
d. He died in a state of abject poverty despite remaining close friends with Nero.
e. He took part in the successful assassination of Nero.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
Name: Class: Date:
92. Which "good emperor" was highly interested in philosophy?

a. Marcus Aurelius
b. Nerva
c. Trajan
d. Hadrian
e. Antoninus Pius
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
93. Which of these changes in the Roman family occurred during the first two centuries C.E.?
a. The authority of the paterfamilias was weakened.
b. Women gained equal rights with men.
c. Divorce rates skyrocketed.
d. The number of children born to each Roman family sharply declined.
e. The authority of the paterfamilias became absolute.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
94. How many people lived in the city of Rome during the time of Augustus?
a. 50,000
b. 250,000
c. 400,000
d. 600,000
e. 1 million
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
95. Which statement best describes Imperial Rome's gladiatorial shows?

a. They were increasingly associated with religious practices.
b. They were government-backed spectacles used to content the masses.
c. They were limited to fights between slaves and criminals trained at gladiatorial schools.
d. They paled in popularity to the Circus Maximus.
e. They were outlawed by Augustus as being in violation of his policy of moral reform.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
96. What was true of Rome’s insulae?

a. They housed the city’s wealthiest citizens.

Name: Class: Date:

b. They were made of wood and mud.
c. They were often poorly built and very dangerous.
d. They were used primarily for religious ceremonies.
e. They were seen as a prime example of Roman greatness.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
97. Which emperor gave Roman citizenship to every free person in the empire?
a. Caracalla
b. Marcus Aurelius
c. Hadrian
d. Commodus
e. Nerva
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
98. Who was one of the famous jurists of the Early Empire responsible for completing the basic natural rights principles
vital to the Western world?
a. Galen
b. Alcon
c. Ulpian
d. Acilius
e. Florian
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
99. Which statement best describes the upper classes of the Early Empire?
a. Birthrates increased.
b. The power of the paterfamilias increased.
c. Contraception and abortion fell into disfavor.
d. Divorce was made illegal.
e. Women had considerable freedom and independence.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
100. Which of these conditions occurred during the third century?

a. Rome reached the peak of its wealth and power.
b. The Roman population declined dramatically.
c. The Roman imperial system was replaced with republican government.
Name: Class: Date:

d. Trade and small industry both expanded rapidly.
e. Christianity became the official religion of the empire.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Economic and Social Crises
101. Which of these changes took place in the Roman army during the third century?
a. Non-citizens were excluded from military service.
b. The army became much more professional.
c. Military service grew in popularity and prestige.
d. More and more barbarians were enlisted in the army.
e. Army pay steadily rose, attracting many new recruits.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
102. Why did soldiers find the mystery cult of Mithraism so appealing?
a. It was widely practiced by women.
b. It was completely opposed to the practices of Christianity.
c. It centered on the worship of the gods Roma and Augustus.
d. It was an illegal monotheistic religion
e. It provided them with a patron deity.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
103. What did the mystery religions promise their followers that traditional Roman religion did not?
a. Secret teachings
b. Prosperity
c. Fertility
d. Community approval
e. Ascension to divine status
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
104. Who was the most important figure in early Christianity after Jesus?
a. Mary Magdalene
b. The Apostle Peter
c. John the Baptist
d. Paul of Tarsus
e. Pontius Pilate
ANSWER: d
Name: Class: Date:

POINTS: 1
105. What does the word "gospel" mean?

a. Truth
b. Love
c. The word of Jesus
d. To your health
e. Good news
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
106. Who ordered the last great persecution of Christians?

a. Marcus Aurelius
b. Octavian
c. Constantine
d. Pontius Pilate
e. Diocletian
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
107. Which emperor said, "Live in harmony, make the soldiers rich, and don't give a damn for anything else"?
a. Augustus
b. Nero
c. Trajan
d. Maximilian
e. Septimius Severus
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
108. Who did the Essenes believe would save Israel from oppression?
a. The Mithraists
b. The Zealots
c. The Persians
d. The Messiah
e. The Romans
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:

109. Who is considered to be the “second founder of Christianity”?
a. Paul of Tarsus
b. John the Baptist
c. Saint Augustine
d. Emperor Constantine
e. Saint Peter
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
110. What was Paul's major contribution to Christianity?

a. He founded the Christian church at Rome.
b. He argued that women and men should be equal in all things.
c. He broadened Christianity’s reach by preaching to Jews and non-Jews alike.
d. He maintained strict control over individual churches.
e. He focused on making Rome the central hub of the Christian sect.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
111. The power and responsibilities of the senate increased under the Julio-Claudians.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
112. The five “good emperors” oversaw a period of almost constant war within the empire.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
113. Augustus’s successors pursued a policy of imperial retrenchment.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
114. Rome and China had little or no knowledge of each other during the imperial period.
a. True

Name: Class: Date:

b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
115. Virgil portrayed Aeneas as the ideal Roman.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
116. Upper-class Roman women in the early empire saw their freedom and independence curtailed.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
117. There was an enormous gulf between rich and poor in the city of Rome.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
118. Civil war raged within the Roman Empire for much of the third century.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
119. The third century saw a notable stabilization of the Roman monetary system.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
120. Christianity proved attractive to all classes in Roman society.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
Name: Class: Date:

POINTS: 1

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Western Civilization Volume I To 1715

9th Edition Spielvogel Test Bank

Chapter 6 - The Roman Empire.

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 1

Chapter 6 - The Roman Empire.

11. Dead Sea Scrolls

16. pax Romana

17. equestrian order

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 2

Chapter 6 - The Roman Empire.

19. Virgil's Aeneid

23. praetorian guard

26. chariot races

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 3

Chapter 6 - The Roman Empire.

28. good emperors

29. Sassanid Persians

30. Hadrian's Pantheon

33. the Silk Road

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 4

Chapter 6 - The Roman Empire.

42. "Bread and Circuses"

43. gladiatorial games

44. Circus Maximus

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 5

Chapter 6 - The Roman Empire.

48. Septimius Severus

49. Goths and Franks

51. Sadducees and Pharisees

52. Essenes and the Dead Sea Scrolls

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 6

Chapter 6 - The Roman Empire.

56. Paul of Tarsus

57. the gospels

61. What happened to the Roman Senate under Augustus?

Chapter 6 - The Roman Empire.

64. Which of these was one of Augustus’s accomplishments?

65. Who were the Roman praetorian guards?

66. What was a requirement for membership in the equestrian order?

Chapter 6 - The Roman Empire.

68. What event curtailed Augustus's expansionist policies?

70. Which statement best describes Romanization in the Roman Empire?

Chapter 6 - The Roman Empire.

72. Which statement is true of Augustan society?

Chapter 6 - The Roman Empire.

75. The Flavian dynasty came to power as a result of

79. What is the subject of the Aeneid?

Chapter 6 - The Roman Empire.

80. Which statement best describes The Art of Love?

82. When Augustus died, who chose his successor?

83. Which statement best describes the Julio-Claudian emperors?

Chapter 6 - The Roman Empire.

85. Who was the first of the Flavian emperors?

87. Which of these legal concepts were developed by the Romans?

Chapter 6 - The Roman Empire.

89. With what philosophical school is Seneca most closely associated?

Chapter 6 - The Roman Empire.

92. Which "good emperor" was highly interested in philosophy?

95. Which statement best describes Imperial Rome's gladiatorial shows?

96. What was true of Rome’s insulae?

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 15

Chapter 6 - The Roman Empire.