Western Civilization Volume II Since 1500 9th Edition Spielvogel Test Bank

Western Civilization Volume II Since
1500 9th Edition Spielvogel Test Bank

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Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 22 - An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850–1871.

1. How did Napoleon III respond to mounting opposition in the 1860s? How successful was he in maintaining power and
control? How did his foreign policy contribute to the unification of Italy and Germany
ANSWER: Answers will vary.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Louis Napoleon: Toward the Second Empire
The Second Napoleonic Empire
Foreign Policy: The Crimean War
War in Crimea
2. What were the causes and consequences of the Crimean War?

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Foreign Policy: The Crimean War
War in the Crimea
3. Compare and contrast Cavour and Garibaldi's vision of a united Italy, as well as Bismarck’s goal of a unified Germany.
What steps did Cavour, Garibaldi, and Bismarck take to bring about unification in Italy and Germany?
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: National Unification: Italy and Germany
The Unification of Italy
The Leadership of Cavour
The Efforts of Garibaldi
The Unification of Germany
Bismarck
The Danish War (1864)
The Austro-Prussian War (1866)
The Franco-Prussian War (1870 – 1871)
4. Discuss the reform efforts in Great Britain, Russia and the Austrian Empire from 1850 to 1870. How successful were
they?
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Nation Building and Reform: The National State in Midcentury
The Austrian Empire: Toward a Dual Monarchy
Imperial Russia
Great Britain: The Victorian Age
5. How did the Austrians deal with the problem of Hungarian nationalism in the aftermath of defeat in the Austro-Prussian
War?
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Austrian Empire: Toward a Dual Monarchy
6. What were the consequences of the emancipation of Russia’s serfs in 1861? What were the limits of their newly
acquired freedom?
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Name: Class: Date:

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Imperial Russia
7. How would you explain Britain’s relative political stability in the second half of the nineteenth century?
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Great Britain: The Victorian Age
8. Why was slavery a threat to American unity in the mid-nineteenth century?

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The United States: Slavery and War
9. How did Realism differ from Romanticism? How was Realism a reflection of the economic and social realities of
Europe during the middle decades of the nineteenth century?
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Realism in Literature
Realism in Art
10. How did Marx explain historical change? How did he apply his theory of historical change to the times in which he
lived?
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Marx and Marxism
11. How did the role of science in society change over the course of the nineteenth century?
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: A New Age of Science
12. Napoleon III

POINTS: 1
13. Realpolitik
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Chapter Introduction
14. Mexico and Emperor Maximilian

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Foreign Policy: The Mexican Adventure
Name: Class: Date:
15. Crimean War

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Foreign Policy: The Crimean War
16. Ottoman Empire

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Ottoman Empire
17. Sevastopol
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: War in the Crimea
18. Florence Nightingale

POINTS: 1
19. Piedmont and the House of Savoy

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Unification of Italy
20. Count Camillo di Cavour

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Leadership of Cavour
21. Giuseppe Garibaldi

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Efforts of Garibaldi
22. the Red Shirts

POINTS: 1
23. Victor Emmanuel II

POINTS: 1
Name: Class: Date:
24. Count Otto von Bismarck

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Bismarck
25. "iron and blood"

POINTS: 1
26. Austro-Prussian War

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Austro-Prussian War (1866)
27. North German Confederation

POINTS: 1
28. Franco-Prussian War

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Franco-Prussian War (1870-71)
29. battles of Sadowa and Sedan

POINTS: 1
30. Second German Empire

POINTS: 1
31. Dual Monarchy

POINTS: 1
32. Ausgleich
POINTS: 1
Name: Class: Date:
33. Alexander II and the serfs

POINTS: 1
34. zemstvos
POINTS: 1
35. mir
POINTS: 1
36. Queen Victoria

POINTS: 1
37. Reform Act of 1867

POINTS: 1
38. Benjamin Disraeli

POINTS: 1
39. Karl Marx

POINTS: 1
40. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Civil War
41. Dominion of Canada

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Emergence of a Canadian Nation
Name: Class: Date:
42. The Communist Manifesto

POINTS: 1
43. materialism
POINTS: 1
44. proletariat
POINTS: 1
45. Marxism
POINTS: 1
46. “First International”

POINTS: 1
47. Louis Pasteur

POINTS: 1
48. Dmitri Mendeleyev

POINTS: 1
49. Michael Faraday

POINTS: 1
50. Charles Darwin

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Charles Darwin and the Theory of Organic Evolution
Name: Class: Date:
51. On the Origin of Species

POINTS: 1
52. natural selection

POINTS: 1
53. William Thackeray's Vanity Fair

POINTS: 1
54. Jean-François Millet

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Realism in Art
55. The Danish War

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Danish War (1864)
56. Realism
POINTS: 1
57. Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary

POINTS: 1
58. Charles Dickens

POINTS: 1
59. Gustave Courbet's The Stonebreakers

POINTS: 1
Name: Class: Date:
60. The American Civil War

POINTS: 1
61. organic evolution

POINTS: 1
62. What event precipitated the end of the Second French Republic in 1851?
a. Prussia invaded and occupied France.
b. The army overthrew the Republic in a coup.
c. The legislature voluntarily disbanded.
d. A tornado tore about the government buildings.
e. The voters abolished it in a vote.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
63. What was one of Napoleon III's great domestic projects?

a. The building of the Eiffel Tower
b. The rededication of the Cathedral of Notre Dame
c. The reconstruction of Paris with broad boulevards, public squares, and municipal utilities
d. The damming of the Seine River below Paris for flood control
e. The construction of the Maginot Line against German militarism
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Second Napoleonic Empire
64. What was Napoleon III most interested in during the Second Empire?
a. Fostering the industrial development of France
b. Avoiding wars and foreign adventures
c. Enhancing civil liberties like free speech
d. Encouraging people to get involved in politics
e. Enhancing the position of the Catholic Church in French culture
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Second Napoleonic Empire
65. In which area did Napoleon's most disastrous foreign policy adventure occur?
a. The Crimea
b. Italy
Name: Class: Date:

c. Palestine
d. Schleswig-Holstein
e. Mexico
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
66. In 1699, the Ottoman Empire lost Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slovenia to
a. Egypt.
b. Russia.
c. Greece.
d. Austria.
e. Prussia.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Ottoman Empire
67. Which country's incursions into the Black Sea prompted England and France to enter the Crimean War in 1854?
a. Russia
b. Turkey
c. Germany
d. Austria
e. The United States
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
68. What was an overall result of the Crimean War?

a. The maintenance of peace in Europe until World War I
b. Continued Russian expansionism in Europe for the next two decades
c. Increased involvement for Great Britain in continental affairs
d. The destruction of the Concert of Europe and the creation of opportunities for Italian and German national
unification
e. The breakup of the Holy Alliance
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
69. After the disappointments of 1848-1849, many Italian nationalists turned to ____ for leadership in the unification of
northern Italy.
a. Florence
b. Piedmont
c. Austria

Name: Class: Date:

d. Naples
e. Britain
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
70. Who was the prime minister of Piedmont who organized the Italian unification movement?
a. Giuseppe Mazzini
b. Giuseppe Garibaldi
c. Camillo di Cavour
d. Victor Emmanuel
e. the Duke of Alba
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
71. Who was the dominant foreign power in Italy prior to unification?
a. France
b. Spain
c. Papal States
d. Savoy
e. Austria
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
72. Which country did Piedmont align with during the Italian War of 1859?
a. Russia
b. England
c. Austria
d. Prussia
e. France
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
73. Who was the romantic nationalist who challenged Cavour for control of southern Italy?
a. Matteotti
b. Mazzini
c. Garibaldi
d. Sforza
e. Cavour
ANSWER: c
Name: Class: Date:

POINTS: 1
74. Why was Prussia more likely than Austria to provide leadership in the cause of German unification?
a. Prussia lacked a strong military.
b. Austria had few ethnic Germans living within its borders.
c. Austria feared the creation of a strong German state in central Europe.
d. Prussia was a large multinational empire.
e. Prussia had lagged behind the rest of Europe in industrialization.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Unification of Germany
75. For whom did the Red Shirts fight?

a. Bismarck
b. Cavour
c. Garibaldi
d. Mazzini
e. Marx
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
76. From 1862 to 1866, Bismarck governed Prussia by

a. courting labor unions and the working class.
b. working closely with opposition politicians.
c. popular referendum.
d. ignoring parliament.
e. ignoring King William I.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
77. Which two states did German nationalists believe were powerful enough to achieve the unification of Germany?
a. Austria and Prussia
b. Austria and Poland
c. Austria and France
d. Prussia and Italy
e. Italy and France
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Unification of Germany

Name: Class: Date:

78. Bismarck is best seen as a
a. realist.
b. romantic.
c. war monger.
d. classical liberal.
e. republican idealist.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
79. Bismarck was appointed prime minister by

a. Frederick III.
b. William I.
c. Frederick William II.
d. Otto V.
e. William II.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
80. What was a result of Bismarck's Austro-Prussian War?

a. The incorporation of Austria into the North German Confederation
b. A harsh treaty against Austria that reduced it to a second-rate power
c. The Prussian liberals' disgust over Bismarck's unscrupulous policies
d. The exclusion of Austria from the North German Confederation
e. The immediate establishment of the German Empire
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
81. The Danish War was fought over

a. control of the Baltic Sea.
b. Alsace-Lorraine.
c. the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein.
d. Saxony and Mecklenburg.
e. Bavaria.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Danish War (1864)
82. As a consequence of its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, France had to

a. abandon Algeria.
b. give up the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine.
Name: Class: Date:

c. demilitarize.
d. agree to an defensive alliance with Prussia.
e. give up its Asian colonies.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
83. On January 18, 1871, William I of Prussia was proclaimed

a. supreme leader.
b. kaiser.
c. king.
d. tsar.
e. pontiff.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
84. A dispute over ____ sparked the Franco-Prussian War.

a. alleged debts
b. colonial prerogatives
c. trade and commerce
d. territorial waters
e. the Spanish throne
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
85. What was the historical significance of Prussian leadership during German unification?
a. It marked a new era of peaceful European interstate relations.
b. It marked the triumph of authoritarian and militaristic values over liberal and constitutional values in the new
German state.
c. Austrian bureaucrats would have new opportunities to shape the political culture of the new German Empire.
d. True parliamentary democracy would triumph in the new German state.
e. It marked a new era of peace in Europe.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
86. In which city was William I proclaimed Kaiser, or emperor, of the Second Reich in 1871?
a. Berlin
b. Frankfort
c. Paris
d. Versailles
Name: Class: Date:

e. Rome
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
87. What did the Ausgleich or Compromise of 1867 achieve?

a. It created a loose federation of ethnic states within the Austrian Empire.
b. It freed the serfs and eliminated compulsory labor services with the Austrian Empire.
c. It made Austria part of the North German Confederation.
d. It granted the Czechs and Slovenes home-rule.
e. It created the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
88. What did German-speaking Austrians and Hungarian Magyars do under the Dual Monarchy of Austria and Hungary?
a. They destroyed national minorities through genocide.
b. They dominated national minorities within their boundaries.
c. They cooperated in freeing other national minorities.
d. They forced national minorities to emigrate or assimilate.
e. They treated ethnic minorities as they treated each other.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
89. Around what issue did the reforms of Tsar Alexander II center?
a. Government sponsorship of popular societies like the Bolsheviks
b. Improvements in the military
c. The abolition of serfdom
d. The formation of local, self-governing assemblies called "dumas"
e. Nationalizing all the lands of Russia, putting them under state control
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
90. What were the Russian zemstvos?

a. Radical, populist societies that supported all revolutionary causes
b. Local assemblies with limited self-governing powers
c. Agreements between peasants and landlords concerning work rules
d. The emancipation proclamations that set groups of serfs free
e. Russia's two national parliaments, one in Moscow and the other in St. Petersburg
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
Name: Class: Date:

91. What convinced Tsar Alexander II that reform was necessary?

a. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War
b. A mutiny in the Russian navy
c. Socialist victories in the Russian Duma
d. Defeat in the Crimean War
e. Serious social upheaval in Russia
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
92. After emancipation, who was responsible for paying for the land given to freed serfs?
a. The tsar’s government
b. The Russian people as a whole
c. The former landowner
d. The village commune
e. Individual landowners
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
93. What was one of the key political consequences of Disraeli's Reform Act of 1867?
a. The outbreak of mass strikes by industrial workers in Britain
b. A large increase in the number of voters
c. The emergence of female suffrage movements in other European countries
d. The freeing of the last British serfs on northern landed estates
e. The incorporation of India into the British Empire
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Great Britain: The Victorian Age
POINTS: 1
94. Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation

a. was a moral victory but a military disaster.
b. had little real impact.
c. ended the Civil War.
d. declared that most of the slaves in the United States were now free.
e. convinced Britain to ally with the South.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
95. What was the original reason that the North fought the Civil War?
Name: Class: Date:

a. To preserve slavery
b. To end slavery
c. To preserve the Union
d. To eliminate the Democratic Party
e. To demonstrate its technological superiority over the South
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The United States: Slavery and War
96. What proved a turning point in the drive towards Canadian independence?
a. The Napoleonic Wars
b. The War of 1812
c. The revolutions of 1848
d. The American Civil War
e. The Crimean War
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Emergence of a Canadian Nation
97. Marx saw his own times as a period in which the bourgeoisie faced off against the
a. church.
b. monarchists.
c. trade unionists.
d. proletariat.
e. nobility.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
98. Which statement best describes industrialization on the Continent by 1870?

a. It remained limited in its development.
b. It had come of age based upon innovations from the British Industrial Revolution.
c. It was never marked by depressions or recessions.
d. It did not see the rise of trade unions.
e. It was not challenged by socialism.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 503
99. The German physician Robert Koch is best known for his contributions to
a. evolutionary biology.
b. organic chemistry.
c. bacteriology.
Name: Class: Date:

d. knowledge about heart disease.
e. anesthesia.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
100. According to Marx, the history of all previous societies is the history of
a. slow decline.
b. blood and iron.
c. enlightenment.
d. progress.
e. class struggle.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
101. Which statement best describes the First International?

a. It failed due to Marx's preoccupation with Das Kapital.
b. It became the largest working-class trade union in Europe in the nineteenth century.
c. It was rejected by Marxism as a "bourgeois-dominated institution."
d. It served as a type of umbrella organization for all European labor interests.
e. It led the various revolutionary movements in the uprisings of 1848.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
102. According to Darwin, all organisms

a. are descended from three distinct foundation organisms.
b. evolve from complexity toward simplicity.
c. evolved over a long period of time from earlier and simpler forms of life.
d. existed shortly after the earth came into existence.
e. except human beings follow general rules of biological development.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Charles Darwin and the Theory of Evolution
103. Which statement best applies to Charles Darwin and his evolutionary theory?
a. His ideas were readily accepted by religious fundamentalists and cultural conservatives.
b. His works were truly revolutionary in that they were the first to propose a theory of evolution.
c. His theory emphasized the idea of the "survival of the fit" in which advantageous natural variants and
environmental adaptations in organisms determine their survival.
d. His On the Origin of Species described man's evolution from animal origins through natural selection.
e. He envisioned utopian evolution, unlike Marx who predicted materialistic revolution.
Name: Class: Date:

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
104. What was the subject of Charles Darwin's The Descent of Man?
a. It questioned the new evolutionary theories.
b. It proposed the first theory of genetic mutations.
c. It argued for the animal origins of human beings, who had evolved by adapting to their environment over time.
d. It placed humans in the center of a rational universe.
e. It predicted the extinction of man and the rise of a new creation that would dominate nature.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
105. Who was primarily responsible for the germ theory of disease?
a. Charles Darwin
b. Joseph Lister
c. Louis Pasteur
d. Friedrich Engels
e. Samuel Gross
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
106. Which scientist provided a working foundation for the use of electricity?
a. Friedrich Engels
b. Louis Pasteur
c. Michael Faraday
d. Charles Darwin
e. Charles Dickens
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
107. What was an important characteristic of Realist art?

a. A focus on emotion and the inner life
b. A desire to depict everyday life
c. A desire to present an ideal world
d. An emphasis on color and drama
e. A belief in the genius of the individual artist
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
Name: Class: Date:
108. Mid-nineteenth century literary Realists

a. embraced aspects of Romanticism.
b. avoided flowery and sentimental language.
c. found few readers during their lifetimes.
d. were closely aligned with political conservatives.
e. often drew on medieval literature for inspiration.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
109. Who was the leading realist novelist of the nineteenth century?
a. Rudyard Kipling
b. Gustave Flaubert
c. Thomas Gainsborough
d. Gustave Courbet
e. Anthony Powell
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
110. In Madame Bovary, ____ told the story of a woman trapped in loveless marriage.
a. Jean-Francois Millet
b. Gustave Courbet
c. Gustave Flaubert
d. Charles Dickens
e. William Thackeray
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
111. In The Stonebreakers, ____ shocked viewers with its depiction of human misery.
a. Jean-Francois Millet
b. Gustave Courbet
c. Gustave Flaubert
d. Charles Dickens
e. William Thackeray
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
112. Napoleon III installed Maximilian of Austria as the emperor of Mexico.

a. True

Name: Class: Date:

b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
113. France and Russia faced off against Britain and the Ottomans in the Crimean War.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
114. Count Camillo di Cavour led the unification movement in southern Italy.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
115. The Prussians enjoyed significant technological advantages over the Austrians in the Austro-Prussian War.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
116. The Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary had two monarchs.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
117. The zemstvos system was designed to enhance the power of the Russian central government.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
118. Real wages for British laborers increased more than 25 percent between 1850 and 1870.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
Name: Class: Date:

POINTS: 1
119. Marx believed that organic evolution was the driving force behind historical change.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
120. Michael Faraday worked out the theoretical foundations of the steam engine.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
121. Literary Realists often explored the social issues of their day through their novels and stories.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1

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Western Civilization Volume II Since

1500 9th Edition Spielvogel Test Bank

Chapter 22 - An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850–1871.

2. What were the causes and consequences of the Crimean War?

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 1

Chapter 22 - An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850–1871.

8. Why was slavery a threat to American unity in the mid-nineteenth century?

12. Napoleon III

14. Mexico and Emperor Maximilian

Chapter 22 - An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850–1871.

15. Crimean War

16. Ottoman Empire

18. Florence Nightingale

19. Piedmont and the House of Savoy

20. Count Camillo di Cavour

21. Giuseppe Garibaldi

22. the Red Shirts

23. Victor Emmanuel II

Chapter 22 - An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850–1871.

24. Count Otto von Bismarck

25. "iron and blood"

26. Austro-Prussian War

27. North German Confederation

28. Franco-Prussian War

29. battles of Sadowa and Sedan

30. Second German Empire

31. Dual Monarchy

Chapter 22 - An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850–1871.

33. Alexander II and the serfs

36. Queen Victoria

37. Reform Act of 1867

38. Benjamin Disraeli

39. Karl Marx

40. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation

41. Dominion of Canada

Chapter 22 - An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850–1871.

42. The Communist Manifesto

46. “First International”

47. Louis Pasteur

48. Dmitri Mendeleyev

49. Michael Faraday

50. Charles Darwin

Chapter 22 - An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850–1871.

51. On the Origin of Species

52. natural selection

53. William Thackeray's Vanity Fair

54. Jean-François Millet

55. The Danish War

57. Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary

58. Charles Dickens

59. Gustave Courbet's The Stonebreakers

Chapter 22 - An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850–1871.

60. The American Civil War

61. organic evolution

63. What was one of Napoleon III's great domestic projects?

Chapter 22 - An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850–1871.

68. What was an overall result of the Crimean War?

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 9

Chapter 22 - An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850–1871.

Chapter 22 - An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850–1871.

75. For whom did the Red Shirts fight?

76. From 1862 to 1866, Bismarck governed Prussia by

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 11