Bia guy Gia PH 10 KHOA HOC TY NHIEN- TRUONG THCS LE VAN TAM HUONG DAN ON TAP KIEM TRA GIUA HQC KIL MON: KHOA HQC TY NHIEN 7 — Nim hoc: 2023-2024 ALLY THUYET Cau 1, Nguyén tr fa gi? Néw cfu tg0 cia nguyén tt. Gidi “Binh throng nguyén ti trungn bod Seances ‘Nguyén tla het v0 cing nha, edu go nén chit va trung hoa vé din Cu tao nguyen tc ‘Chu tgo ciia nguyén tir theo Rutherford — Bohr ch vi sa0 €6 thé néi ‘Lép vi clita 1 hay nhiu electron (¢) mang din tich arn (-1) i Proton’ ign tich duong (1) ee (P) mang din tich dirong (1) ‘Neutron (n) King mang din Binh thuimg nguyén tir trung hia vé dién do o6 sf p= s6 e Cau 2. Kh6i hrgng nguyen tr tg]? Vi sao kh6i lngng hgt nan duye xem Hk lugng nguyén ti Khéi lugng nguyén tr 1é kh6i Izgng cba mgt nguyén ti, tah theo dom vi quéc ¢ amu Do kh Iugmg cia ee hat eletron rat bg, nho hom rt nhigu Kin so v6i Khoi Iuomg het proton va neutron nén ta ¢6 thé xem khdi long hat nhén la khdi lugng nguyén tir ‘Cau 3. Nguyén t6 hoa hge Ia gi? Vi sao cin phai xy dung hé théng ki nguyén 16 hoc? Ki higu hoa hgc eta ce nguyén t6 duge biéu dién nhu thé nio? Dink nghia: Nguyén t6 hod hoe a tp hop cde nguyén tr cing loai, cing s6 proton trong hat nha Xay dung hé thong ki higu nguyén 16 hge nhiim mye dich thufin tign cho vige ghi chép nngdn gon va nhanh chéng ‘Méi nguyén t6 déu c6 ki higu hod hoe riéng duge biéu dién bing mt hay hai chit efi, trong 46 cht edi du viet & dang in hoa, chi cdi thi hai (néu o6) vit hung. Ciu 4, Néu nguyén tie xdy dyng bing tuin hoan eée nguyén t6 hos hoe = Céc nguyén té hos hoc trong bang tuan hodn duge sip xép theo chieu ting din cia ‘ign tich het nhin eva nguyén te “de nguyén 6 hod hoe o6 cing sé I6p electron trong nguyén tir duge xép thinh mot hang. ~ Cée nguyén t6 e6 tinh chat tuong ty nhau duge sip xép thinh mot e6:TO KHOA HOC TY NHIEN - TRUONG THCS LE VAN TAM ‘Ci 6. 0 nguyén t trong bang tuin hon cho bigt ~ Cie thing tin ca ban trong 6 nguyén 16: sb higu nguyén ti, tén nguyén t6, ki higu hoa Inge, khoi Ign nguyén ti (aru), (Cau 7. Chu kif gi? Nguyen the sip xép ede nguyén ¢ vito cing chu i? Chu ki cho ta biét duge diéu gi vé lép vé electron cia nguyén ti? Cé bao nhiéu chu ki trong bang tun hoan hign nay = Chit ila tip hop ede nguyén 108 hoe o6 cing 86 l6p electron trong nguyén tir theo hing ngang va sip xép theo chiu ling dn cia digntfch hat nhn nguyén ti ~ Dya vio sé thirty cua chu ki, ta dé ding biét duge s6 16p electron trong mét nguyén th nay, bing ula oan 6 tt 7 chu. Gm ob: + Cha ki nha g6m oe chi i 1 + Chu kiln gm ede chs ki 4, 5,67. (Cau 8. Nhm nguyén t6 1 gi? Neuyén tie sip xép cée nguyén t6 cing nhim? = Nhém la tap hap ede nguyén té hod ge theo cbt doc, e6 tinh cit has hge tong ty nau va sip xép theo chigu ting din ve dign tic hat nhén nguyén th Cau 9. Phan tirla gi? Néu céch tinh kh6i lugng phin tir (theo amu). Cho vi dy. Phin ti i hat dat dign cho chit, gm nhiéu nguyen ti lign ket véinhau va mang dy di tinh cht eda chét. ~ Khéi luong phan ti bing ting khéiIugmg ci nguyén tiro6 trong phin tir 5 Ci 10. Dom chit ts oi? Hop chit li si? Cho vi dy Bom chit Ia hit dg to than ir mgt nguyen t hod hoe ‘Vi du: sodium, aluminium, khi oxygen, ki chlorine, Hap chit Icha ge tg thn hal ay nhigu nguyén ‘Vi dy: sodium chloride (mudi an), nuréc, .. 108 hoe. Cau 11. Lién két ion ta gi? Cho biétaiém gidng nhau Iép vo ngodi cing cia ion dong va ion im? Cho vidy vé sy hinh thinh ion dung va ion dm va Tién két ion = Lign kétion la lin kétgita ion dong va ion fm. Cac ion duong va ion am cé lép electron ngoai cing giéng véi nguyén wi eta nguyén 18 khi hiém. Vidy: Ci 12. Lién két eng hod tr fi gi? Cho vi dy ~ Lign két eng hod tr i lign két dug hinh th nguyén = Lién két cng hod tj chug la ign két ita hai nguyén tr cia nguyén 6 phi kim véi phi kim: Vid boi sy ding chung electron gitta hai10 KHOA HOC TY NHIEN - TRUONG THCS LE VAN TAM (Cw 13. Hod ¢rj Ia gi? Néu quy tie hoa tr) . 4. Hoé trj: Hod tricia nguyén t la con s6 biéu thj kha nang lién két cla nguyén turnguyén t6 46, hod tr ghi bang chit sé La Ma. a pparkeios iy ‘Trong phan ti hgp chat hai nguyén t6, tich ha tri va chi s6 cia nguyén 16. nay bang tich gitta héa tri va chi so nguyén t0 kia. ab A,B, > az = by . Vim dung quy thc hod tj 1. Tin ho tr ‘ri Tinh hod tri cia C va Fe trong hop chat methane CH, va iron (II) oxide FeO. + cht + Fe: ox ati cia C Goi y thé tr cba Fe Vay héa tr oia Ca 1. Vay héa tri eda Fe 18 1 2b Lip CTHH cia hop chit duge igo tirnguyén 6'K() va nhom SO, (1) ia ‘Cong tite: hod hoe chung: K, (SO,)y ‘Theo quy tie hod ti, ta 06: x x I= y x I Chuyn thanh thle: = [>= 5 Vay x= 1, y = 2. Céng thite hod hoc eiia hop chat nay 1a K,SO, (potassium sulfate)TW ‘Quan st mo hin nguyén trea de nguyén sau vi rt ce ef hd 2. Diga tich hat nhin? b. $6 proton? Sé electron? ‘Téng dign tich eta cdc electron? e. Dya vio mé hinh nguyén tir Fluorine va nguyén tir Chlorine, em hay cho biét 48 lép ngoai cing ciia 2 nguyén tt ny c6 di sé electron t6i da thi edn thém bao nhiéu electron? Lithium sodium | fluorine ‘Téng sé hat cia nguyén té oxygen li 49. Biét sé hat mang din tich am 18 16. ‘Tinh s6 hat c6n lai. (Cn 3.0. Biét ring 2 nguyén tr nitrogen nang bing nguyén tie nguyn 6 X. Hay vit 28 amu; O= tén va ki higu ha he cia nguyén t8 X (cho Ne 14 amu; S= 32 amu; 16 amu) Bide ing 4 nguyén ti oxygen ning bing nguyén th nguyén 18 Y, Hey vit tn vik higa hoa hoe cia nguyén t6 Y (Cho O= 16 amu; = 32 amu; Cu 64 amu; Fe= 56 amu) (Cu 4, Hay gil thich y nghfa cba cée eéch ghi: 4Ca; 2Mg, SC, 1241, 78, 9Na ». Hay ding chi s6 va ki higu hos hge a bigu din ce ~ 3 Nguyén tir nitrogen = 15 nguyén tir hydrogen = 6 nguyén tir potassium ~ 8 nguyén tir phosphorus0 KHOA HOC TY’ NHIEN - TRUONG THCS LE VAN TAM ‘Cw 5. Quan st 6 nguyén 16 va tra lai cée edu hoi sau: a) Em biét duge thong tin gi trong 6 nguyén t6 sodium? Na | 'b) Nauyén t8 sodium ny nim 6 vit nao (6, nhém, chu ki trong ES | bing tin hodn cée nguyén t hod hoe? Cfu 6, Dign tir thich hop vao ché tréng:kim logi; phi kim; khi hiém; nim phia bén ti eba bing tuin hoin va Phin lo ete nguyen 8 (1) 2s ce nguyén 6 2) ulabiivonnon age xép pia bn phai ea bing tn hoan, Cac nguyén 8 6) nim & c6t cubi cing cia bang twin hon cée nguyéa thoi hoe. Céu 7: Mot nguyén t6 Y c6 dign tich hat nan la +11, €6 3 lép electron va 6 1 electron & lép ngodi cing. Hay dya vio nhing thong tin trén xée dinh vi ti cia nguyén 15 Y étrong bing tun hodn (gm 6 nguyén 1, nhém, chu ki)? Ethanol (cin) li hop chit o6 nh img dung rong di sing. Ethanol duge ding Ta chit, chit st tring rong y &hofe ding lim dung mai hoa tan ce cht he Trong mgt phan tir ethanol chia 2 nguyén tircarbon, | nguyén wi X va 6 nguyen te hydrogen, Bide hd ugg phn tr eda ethanol a 46 amu, (Cho biét H= 1; N= 14; O= 16,012; 8-32) a. Hay xe din ten nguyén 6 X Hat nn nguyén tr ci nguyén t6 X 6 chia 8 hat proton, Hay xd di vi tr cia nguyén 6 X trong bing tuln hota ede nguyén 6 hod hoe. Gi thich, 2 2 @o Qa 4. Theo hinh mé phing trén, em hay chi ra dau i mé hin phn tirdon chit va da 1a mé hinh phén tit hgp chit? ». Tinh kh lugmg phn tr ca ef phn tr trong inh m6 phing én? Hy nda tn nguyen vs rong nguyen i be ting aguyén trong mBi phn tintin?rRUONG THCS LE VAN TAM Cu 10.Mé ta sy hinh thanh ion sodium, ion magnesium, ion potassium, ion chloride, ion oxide. Tir dé hay vé so 46 biéu dign sy hinh thanh lién két ion trong cae hgp chat sodium oxide NaiO, sodium chloride NaCl, magnesium oxide MgO, potassium chloride KC (Caw 11. Mo ta shin thn ign kt ng hod tr trong phn tiki oxyen Os, kh nitrogen Np, khi fluorine F;, khi chlorine Cl; va khi hydrogen chloride HCI. 2, a. Nguyen 6 C trong CH »b. Nguyén t6P trong hop chit PHy 3 ft Fe.0; 4. Nguyén t P trong hop chit P.O, . Nguyéin t Mg trong hop chit MeBr. (Bi Br hos ti 1) £. Nguyén t6 C trong hop chit CS, (BiEt S hos tr 1) ; (CA 13. Lp céng thite hod hge ella cde hop chit durge tg0 bai a Nguyen 6 C (IV) va nguyen 18H. bb. Neuyén t6 Na (1) va nguyén t6 O. ¢ Nguyén t6P (If va nguyén tH. 4. Nguyén 8 P(V) va nguyen tO. e Nguyén t6 Ca (II) vi nguyén «8 $ (I), £. Nauyén t6 Al (Ill) va nguyén t6 Cl (1). sh hod ti cua c. Nguyén té Fe trong hop ct