Modern Physical Education activities are based on the natural physical education of

primitive times. Even the more recent activities, when analyzed, are found to be
developed from natural activities history. Many experts trace the beginnings of
physical education back to the Ancient Greeks, who had organized physical education
programs by the 700's B.C. at educational establishments called "gymnasia'"
(gymnasiums), Greek boys took part in discus and javelin throwing, jumping, running
and wrestling. Philosophy, and rhetoric. Although physical education was part of the
general education of the Roman Citizens, its primary value was in military training.

Historical Foundations of Physical Education and Sport

1) Golden Age ( 2500 8.C)
 PE and sports popular in Cretan culture
 Homer s Iliad and Odyssey was a major literature source of information
 Music and gymnastics Exercise for the body and music for the soul”
 City States: Greece composed of and influenced political aspects and objectives
2. 776 B.C-First Olympic games: games continued every 4th year.
3.700 B.C- Indo-European people settled near 1iber Tiber River and settlement
later became known as Rome
 Rome would prove to have a profound effect on the objectives of physical
education
 Athletic sport different in Rome than Greece, Romans wanted excitement,
blood.
4. Dark Ages (476 A.D.) - Fall of Roman Empire, referred to period in history as the
Dark Ages
 Physical and moral decay most outstanding breakdown in Roman tall
 Teutonic invasion supported physical activity with two movements
"asceticism and scholasticism" Ascenticism: believe evil exists in the body
and should subordinate to the spirit, which is pure: Scholasticism: believe
facts are most essential items of education
5. EUROPE (Germany)
 Johann Bemhard Basedow established the Philanthropinum, the first school
in Europe tooffer physical education as a part of the curriculum.
 Johann Fiednch Guts Muths succeeded Christian Cart Andre as the
instructor of Physical Education at the Schnepfenthal Educational institute.
He is often referred to as one of the founder of modern physical education
6. 1778-1852 -Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, established the Turnverein, an association
of Gymnasts that existtoday
7. 1810-1858 – Adolph Spiess founded the school of gymnastics in Germany and
helped to make physical education part of a school program.
8. Sweden (1776-1839) - Per Henrik Ling strove to make physical education a
science and developed the royal institute of Gymnasts where physical educators
could receive training.
9. 1816-1902 - GustafNyblaeus became the administrator of the RCI and women
were admitted for the first time.
10.1820-1886 A law was passed requiring a physical education course on the
Secondary Level.
11.Denmark (1777-1847) - Franz Nachtegall played a large part in introducing
 physical education into public schools of Denmark and into teacher
preparation.
12. 1880-1950 - NielsBukh developed the concept of "primitive gymnastics" to
build perfect physique
13. Great Britain (1820-1884) -Archibald McLaren wanted to make physical
Education a science, and in 1860, he was designated to design a system of
Physical Education for the British Army

UNITED STATES
Civil War period until 1900
 Catherine Beecher founded the American Women's Educational Association.
 Dr. Lewis aimed at developing agility, grace of movement, flexibility, and
improving general health and posture.
 American sport began to achieve some degree of popularity.
 Modern Olympics was established by Baron Pierre de Coubertin. 1st president
of the newly created international Olympic Committee
 First modern Olympics held in Athens: 28 events
 YMCA was founded at Springfield, Massachusetts
 .YWCA was founded in Boston by Mrs. Henry Durant
 Organized physical education programs developed in the early 1850's
 1885 what is now known as the AAHPERD association was organized.

Early Twentieth Century

 Famous people in physical education in the early 20th century were: Thomas
DennisonWood-"Natural Gymnastics" Clark Hetherington-"understanding of
children's play activities in terms of survival and continued participation'"
Robert Tait McKenzie-helped physically underdeveloped and atypical
individuals overcome their deficiencies" Jessie HBancroft contributed to the
field of posture and body mechanics and was the first living member of AAHPER
to receive the Gulick Award" Delphine Hanna- James H McCurdypublished "The
Physiology of Exercise Luther Gulick.
World War (1916-1919) - Physical educators provided leadership for physical
conditioning programs for the armed forces and also those on the home front.
Golden Twenties (1920-1929)-Physical education programs continued to expand
 National Federation of High School Athletic Associations was est. in 1923
 During the depression many gains in physical education were lost.
 40% of physical education programs were dropped
(1970-To Present) - Continued growth in the area of physical education and sport and
a large part of growth isdue to technology.
 Programs have expanded from the school and college age population to serving
populationsof all ages.
 Improvements in health because of the importance placed on healthy life-style
behaviors
 Emphasized fitness, inciuding both fitness development and understanding of
the underlying fitness Concepts.
Health Benefits of Exercise and Physical Activity

 Reduce the risk of premature death.

 Reduce the risk of developing and/or dying from heart disease
  Reduce high blood pressure or the risk of developing high blood pressure.
 Reduce high cholesterol or the risk of developing high cholesterol.
 Reduce the risk of developing colon cancer and breast cancer
 Reduce the risk of developing diabetes.
 Reduce or maintain body weight or body fat.
 Build and maintain healthy muscles, bones, and joints
 Reduce depression and anxiety.
 Improve psychological well-being.
 Enhanced work, recreation, and sports performance

THE FOUR TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT

1. ORGANIC
2. NEUROMUSCULAR
3. INTERPRETIVE
4. EMOTIONAL

Meaning of Physical Education

INTRODUCTION

Physical Education is an important segment of general education which aims to

contribute to the total development of the learner through participation in selected
vigorous activities. It provides opportunities to acquire lifelong skills that are essential
to the physical, mental, social, and emotional development (Oyco, 2000).

LECTURE/ DISCUSSION

OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

 Physical Development - Through carefully selected physical education activities,
an individual who participates actively will develop and maintain good health
and high level of physical fitness.
 Social Development - Participation in Physical Education activities provides
opportunities for the acquisition and practice of desirable social traits necessary
for adjustment to happy living and to the social life in general.
 Emotional Development - The informal nature of physical education offers
opportunities for the development of expression and emotion.
 Mental Development - Through participation in Physical Education activities
the individual develops his mental capacities as he learns the mechanical
principles of underlying movement, as the learner acquires knowledge and
understanding of rules and strategies of games and sports as well as dance
Instructions, as he discovers ways of improving his movements in gymnastics
and dance, and the ability to analyze and give judgments.
LEGAL BASES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Article 1 of the International Charter of Physical Education and Sports,
UNSEC0, Paris, 1978 and Recommendation 1, Interdisciplinary Regional
 Meeting of Experts on Physical Education, UNESCO, Brisbane Australia, 1982.
States that:
" The practice of Physical Education and Sports is a fundamental right for all."

And this right should not be treated as different in principle from the right to
adequate food, shelter, and medical care."
Article XIV, section 19, 1986 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines
All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout
the country and in cooperation with athletic club and other sectors."

BASIC PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN COLLEGE

 Physical Education 1: Physical Fitness and Self-Testing Activities
 Physical Education 2: Rhythmic Activities
 Physical Education 3: Individual/Dual sports/Games
 Physical Education 4: Team Sports