REVIEW OF VERB TENSES

1.PRESENT SIMPLE
A.STRUCTURE
Affirmative: I/you/we/they + infinitive

He/she/it + -s (loves, likes)

-o (go-goes)
-es -x (fix-fixes)
-ss (pass-passes)
-sh (wash-washes)
-ch (watch-watches)

-y vowel + -y: play –plays

consonant + -y: study – studies

Negative: I/you/we/they don´t + infinitive Ex. I don’t see her very often.
He/she/it doesn’t + infinitive Ex. She doesn’t listen to me.

Interrogative: Do + subject (I/you/we/they) + infinitive Ex. Do you study English?

Does + subject (he/she/it) + infinitive Ex.Does she come today?
B.USES
1.Daily routines
Ex. I get up at seven o’clock everyday.
2.Facts or universal truths.
Ex. Water boils at 100ºC.
3.Timetables
Ex. My train leaves at half-past seven.

C.TIME EXPRESSIONS
1.At the end of the sentence: everyday, in the morning/in the afternoon/at night,
in March, on Monday, at quarter to eight …
2.Adverbs of frequency
always / usually / often / sometimes / hardly ever / never
Ex. I never talk to him. (delante del verbo principal)
Exception: verb to be Ex. She is always ill. (detrás del verbo to be)

D.QUESTION WORDS
Wh- + do / does + subject + infinitive?
what – qué
where – dónde
when – cuándo
which – cuál
why- por qué
how – cómo how much/many, how often,
who – quién
whose – de quién

2.RESENT CONTINUOUS
A.STRUCTURE
Affirmative: am / is /are +-ing. Ex. I’m listening to you.

-e write – writing
-y play – playing
-chat chat-chatting (1 syllable cons.+ vowel + cons.)
-begin begin-beginning (2nd syllable stressed)

Exception: travel – travelling

Negative: ‘m not / isn’t / aren’t + ing Ex. She isn’t talking to you.
Interrogative: Am / Is / Are + subject + -ing? Ex. Are they watching TV?
Yes, they are. No, they aren’t .
B.USES
1.Actions happening now.
Ex. I’m phoning John right now.
Time Expressions: right, right now, at the moment…
2.Future plans
Ex. I’m travelling to London tomorrow.
Time Expressions: tomorrow, next week, next Sunday…

STATIVE VERBS
With certain verbs we never use the continuous form. These are called
STATIVE VERBS. The most common are:
-verbs to express thought and opinions: believe, know, understand, remember,
forget, think…
-verbs that express preferences: like, love, prefer, hate…
-verbs that refer to senses: taste, see, hear…
-verbs that express a state or possession: be, have, own…

3.PAST SIMPLE
a)STRUCTURE
Affirmative: -Irregular: Second Column (wrote, thought…)
-Regular: -ed talk- talked
-d phone- phoned
-y play (vowel + -y) – played
marry (consonant + -y) -married
-stop (1 syllable cons. + vowel + cons.) – stopped
-admit (2nd syllable stressed) – admitted

Exception: travel – travelled

Negative: didn’t + infinitive
Ex. I didn’t see her./ She didn’t talk to you yesterday.
Interrogative:Did + subject + infinitive?
Ex. Did they come to the party? Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.
b)USES
1.A completed action in the past.
Ex. What time did she arrive home?

c)TIME EXPRESSIONS
yesterday, last week, in 2004, on Saturday, in March, ago (at the end of the
sentence- hace), when…

4.PAST CONTINUOUS
Affirmative: was (I/she, he, it) + ing Ex. She was playing football.
were (you/we/they) + ing. Ex. They were doing homework.

Negative: wasn’t / weren’t + -ing. Ex. I wasn’t eating pizza.

Interrogative:Was / Were + subject + -ing.? Ex. Was she studying English?

Yes, she was.

b)USES
1.An action in progress at a specific time in the past.
Ex. I was walking home when I saw him.

c)TIME EXPRESSIONS
at that moment, while/as (mientras)…
5.FUTURE SIMPLE
A.STRUCTURE

Affirmative: will + infinitive Ex. I will talk to her.

Negative: won’t + infinitive Ex. She won’t study for the exam.
Interrogative: Will + subject + infinitive? Ex.Will she come tomorrow? Yes, she
will.

B.USES
1.To make decisions at the time of speaking (SPONTANEOUS DECISIONS):
A: I’m thirsty. B: I’ll give you a glass of water.

2.To make a promise:

Don’t worry. I’ll be there at 10:00

3.To make a prediction (WITHOUT EVIDENCE):

Valencia will win the League.
-With words likes: I think, I guess, I hope, probably, possibly
I think he’ll become a lawyer.

6.BE GOING TO (IR A)

A.STRUCTURE
Affirmative: am / is / are + going to + infinitive
Ex. I’m going to take my driving test this year.
Negative: ‘m not / isn’t / aren`t + going to + infinitive
Ex. She’s not going to talk to her best friend.
Interrogative: Am / Is / Are + subject + going to + infinitive
Ex. Are you going to watch that film? Yes, I am.

B.USES
1.FUTURE PLANS and intentions:
I’m going to visit my granny next weekend.
2.Future prediction based on FACTS / EVIDENCE:
Look at that girl! She is going to cry.
She is pregnant. She is going to have a baby.