TRA

NSMISSION OF POW ER .

TH E MULTI PH ASE OR PO LYPH ASE SYSTEM .

Tesl a Patents .

Th ere are to -
d ay th o u s ands of f
w ater alls wi th m i lli ons of h or s e

p o w er of energy g o i ng to was te for la k

c of ec o no m i c al m eans of

trans po rti ng suc hp o wer to places o f u se.

E ac h h o rse
po wer o f wo r k
fo r ten h o u rs for eac h
wor i ng d ay k
r eq u i res , th ro ug ha s team engi ne, ab o u t si x to ns o f c o al per annu m ,
so h
t at th e dev elo pm ent and u ti li zatio n of th ese h
i nex au sti ble
s ourc es o f p o w er wi ll be eq u i v alent to th e sav i ng of m illi o ns of to ns
of c o al eac hy ear , and will t h us assi st in so lvi ng th e pro lem b of

c o nserv i ng o u r eno rm o u s , but ex h a ti bl f l pply

us e, ue su .

Th e m eans fo r trans po rti ng th i p w

s and d li
o eri ng i t i n e v er su i t

able fo rm fo r c o m m erc i al u s es i f nd i n
s ou nt pp li a ti n
rec e a c o s of

elec tri c i ty . Th ro ugh th e dev elo p m ents alr eady m ade, electri c

energy h
i s no w av ailab le fo r li g ti ng, fo r th e di stri bu ti o n o f po wer
and fo r h eati ng Th e wi de extent o f i ts s u c c ess u l appli c ation to
. f
h
li g ti ng and th e di str i b u ti o n of po wer are am ili ar to every o ne, and f
h f k h h f
,

i ts u tili zati o n i n eati ng bi ds ai r to m a e t i s m et o d a o rm i dable

ri val o f c o al i n th e i i ni ty
v c of
water po wers .

Th e i ntro d u c ti o n o f su c c ess u l m et o ds f h o f u ti li zi ng h
t ese natur al
so ur c es of o we w i ll no t o nly m eet th e present d em and s o f c i ti es
p r

h b
wi t in a su i ta le r adi u s , f
b u t i t m ay be sa ely pr edi cted t at t ere wi ll h h
b e a r api d b u i ldi ng u p o f i nd u stri es i n su c h l ali ti
oc es , and a c ou s e

q u ent s hi fti ng f o c enter s o f

p p o u lati on, wi th al a d so ev elo pm ent o f

i ndu s ti wh i h h
r es c av e h f
ereto o re lai n d o rm ant on ac c o u nt o f th e
c os t o f po wer.

W h en th e W es ti ng h o u se E lec tri c C o m pany was f o r m ed , f o r es eei n

g
h
t at by alternating c u r r ents o nl
y c ou l d elec tri c al energy b e trans
mi tted long di stanc es w e m ade th e alternating sy stem
~

o v er , a
spec i alty , and to th at end s ec u r e d th e G aulard and G i bb s i nv enti ons ,
and m any o th er fu nd am ental o nes b eari ng on h
t i s i m po rtant field ,
h
w i c h field h ad th ereto f o re b een c o nsi dered u nwo r t hy of m o re t an h
exper i m ental attenti o n. Pri o r to our o er ati o ns
p th e alternati ng
system h ad been em phati c ally c o ndem ne d as u nco m m er c i al by th e
m ost em i nent eng i neers of th e w o rld , alm os t w i t h ou t exc epti o n ;
bu t, i n th e fa ce of u nu su al o ppo si ti o n, we su c c eeded in ra
pi dly
i ntrod u c i ng a co m
p re h ensi v e s
y ste m for li g ting , w i c h h h no t o nly

pro v ed a su c c ess f u l c o m peti to r y h

o f o t er s s tem s b ut b
y i ts flex ibili ty
,

and ad aptati on to g reat di stanc es , h as o

p ened u
p and d ev elo ped
extensi v e fields w i c h h c o uld no t ot h er wi se h av e been o cc u pied . Th e
s u c c ess of alternati ng fo r lig ti ng led u s to see a
cu r rent h k so lu ti o n

of th e pro blem o f di s tri b uti n

g p o w er b
y th e sam e c urr ents.

I n th e c o u rs e of o ur i nv es ti g ati ons i nto th e su fi ec t of po w er

trans mi ssi o n w e c am e u
p on th e i nv enti o ns of Mr N i . k o la Tesla no w
kabl hi
,

so well kno wn fo r h is r em ar e ac ev em ents , and rec o g ni z ing

th e l
v a ue and o ri
g i nali ty of h i s di sc o veri es , and th e f und am ental

c h arac ter of h i s patents, at o nc e sec ured th e exclu si v e rig t to h

f
m anu ac tu re and sell apparatu s c o v ered b y t ese patents , wi t a h h
ri
g h t t o any f th ur er i nventi o ns Mr Tes la. m ig t m ah k e relati n
g
th t
ere o . W e th p er eu on i m m ed i ately began to dev elo p and determ i ne
th e bes t fo rm s of appar atu s req u i r ed to sol e th e pro blem o f po w er
v

tr ans mi ssi o n, and ha

d u ri ng th e pas t fi v e y ears w o r ed
we ve k
u nc easi n l , and at v er
gy y g reat e x
pense w i t th e r es u lt t at w e ar e h h
k f
,

no w able to u nderta e th e m anu ac tu r e o f appar atus to m eet any

c ase h
t at m ay be presented to u s .

Th e system we o ffer is an alternati ng -

c u rr ent o ne, no w kno wn as
th e Mu lti p ha se or Po lyphas e Sy stem w ic h h i s th e o ri
g i nal
f h
,

di sc o v ery of M r Tesla. and i s s o u lly c o vered by h i s patents t at

h h
,

we d eem i t a du ty to t ose c o ntem

p lati ng th e use o f su c app aratus
to di rect t h ei r attenti o n to a s elec t on i of Mr . Tesla s ’

patents

pr e
s ente d h erewi t h . h
I t i s w o rt y o f es pec i al no te t at th e o ri g inali ty h
of Mr Tesla s d i sc o veri es h as no t been di spu ted b y any m anu
’
.

fa t c u rer o f elec tri c al p o wer tr ansm i tti ng apparatus .

W ESTING HO USE ELE CTRIC Manurac ruam e 00 .

Pi ttsbu rg h Pa ,
.
, Janu ary l 6th 1 893 , .
(110 Model ) . 4 Sh eets—Sh eet 1
N TESLA
.
‘

. .

ELECTRO MAGNETIC moron

.

No . P atented May 1. 1888 .

Wh NESSES
' '
” NH/ 100 .
(l o l odel.) 4 Sh eets —Sh eet 2
N : TESLA
.

ELBOTBO MAGNETIC MOTOR

.

No .
P atented May 1. 1888 .

IHV ENI OR.

(No l od el.) 4 S —Sh eet
h eets 3 .

N TESLA
. .

BLBGTBO MAGNETIC moron

.

N o. P atented May 1. 1888 .

W IN/ £8 8 5 8 : IN V f NT
Ofi .

IN T
O/ ME? 9 ,
(l l odol. ) 4 M eet Jim ! 4
N T ES L A
o
. .

BLEOTBO m an na moron .

No . P atented May 1. 1888 .

4 9
-
17 .

d i f t
e
"b
 UN IT ED STAT ES PATEN T O FFIC E.
fi

auro r a TESLA o r new r oux, N Y , assm xoa or one nanr TO CHARLES

, . .

r PECK , o r s no t ew oon, new JERSEY

. .

ELEC TRO - MAG N ETIC M O TO R.

M ON I C ATI O R formi ng part of b ottom Patent l o. d ated M ay 1 , 1 2 88 .

Appli cation l lod Octo ber ll.rm . Serial Ra u l” . (N o model.)

th e system I prefer to connect th e motor ci r -

B e i t k no wn th at I, N i xon Tu na ,
fr o m c u i t
s d i re c tly w i t h t h o s e o f a s u i ta bl e alte r
Smi lj anLi ke, border cou ntry of Austri a H u c nate current generator. Th epractical results
- -

a
g y, r r e si d i ng “
. N ew Y o r k , N . Y .
, h a v e i n o f s uc h a sy s te m , i ts ec o n o m i c a l ad vantages,
5 vented certai n new and useful Improvements a n d th e m o d e o f i ts co ns t ru ctio n and o era
p 55
i n Elec tro Mag neti c Motors, o f wh i ch the fol
-
ti ou wi ll be desc ri bed more i n detai l by ref
lo wi ng is a spec i fic ati on, reference bei ng bad erence to th e acco mpany i ng d iag rams and
to th e d rawi ngs a ccom pany i ng and form i ng a d rawi ngs.
“
p ra t o f t h e same. F ig ures 1 to 8 and l to i nclusi ve, are d i a
to Th e practi cal solutio n o f th e problem of th e g rams i llustrati ng th e p ri nci ple of th e action 6c
Th e remai ni ng fig ures are
electr i c al convers io n and transmission o f me
ch ani cal energ y i nv olves cer tai n re u i rements q of my i nventi on.
v iews of th e a
wh i c h th e apparatus and systems h eretofore means of wh ich th e i nvention ma be carried
pparatus i n vari ous forms by

employ ed h ave not been capable of fulfi lli n i nto el ect, and wh i ch wi ll b e ascri bed i n
85 S uc h a soluti on, pr i mari ly , demands a nu th ei r order.
formi ty of speed i n th e moto r i rrespecti ve of Referri ng firs t to F ig. 9, wh ich i s ad iag ram
i ts load wi th i n i ts n ormal wo rk i ng li mi ts. O n matic representati on of a motor, a generator
,
th e oth er h and, i t i s necessary, to attai n a and connecti ng c i rc ui ts i n acc ord ance wi th my -

gmatc r ec o nomy of conversi on th an h as h ere i nvention, M is th e moto r, and G th e gener

10 tofore ex isted , to construct ch eaper and more ator for d ri vi ng i t. The motor com prises a 70
reliable and si mple apparatus, and , la stly , th e ri ng or annulus, ll, p referably b uilt up of
apparatus must be capable of easy manag e th i n i nsulated i ro n ri ngs or annular plates , so
ment, and such th at all d anger f ro m th e use of as to be“ suscepti bleas possi ble to variati ons
currents of h ig h tensio n, wh i ch are neces i n i ts magneti c cond i ti on. Th is r i n i s sur
g
35 sary to an econo mi cal tran smissi on, may be rounded by four coi ls of i n sulated wi re sy m
7 5
avoi ded . metri cally placed, and des ignated by O O O . C ’ '

l y p resent i nventi on is d irected to th epre Th e d iametri cally opposi tecoi ls areconnected -

ducti ou and i mprovement o f apparatus capa up so as to co operate i n pai rs i n prod uci ng

ble of more nearly meeti ng th ese ui rementa free les on d i ametri cally opposi te parts of
-

3 0 t h a n t h os e h ere to f or e a va i la b l e, a n th o ug h It h e r n g . T h e fo u r f re e en d s t h us le ftare con a . o

have desc ri bed various metros for the pur ose, nected to termi nals T T T T, as i ndi cated .
’ '

p
they i nvolve th e same mai n pri nci plu o con N ear the ri ng, and preferably i nsi deof i t, th ere
structi onand mode of operati on, wh i ch may be is mounted on an axis or sh aft, «3, a mag neti c
k
descr i bed as follows : A motor i s employed i n di s , D, generally ci rcular i n sh ape, but h av
35 w h ic h t h e re ar e t w o o r more i ndepend ent ci r i n g tw o s a g - en s c u t a w a y a s s h o w n . T h is 83
k
,

cui ts th roug h wh ich alternate cu rrents are dis is mounted so a s to turn freely wi thi nth e

p u e d a t p w p e r i ut er va ls,
i n t h e m a u n e r h e ro r i n g R . T h e ge n e r a to r G i s o f a n y ordi nary
i nalter descri bed, for th e purposeof effecti ng type, th at sh own i n th e present i nstance h av
aprog rw i vc sh i fti ng of th e mag netism or of ing n eld mag nets N 8 and a cy li nd ri cal arma
BB
-

“J nes of force ” i n a w i A w d w th e two coi ls '

q h
t o t h e i c co r d an ce th t e t u r e co-
r e , o u n i th .
90
well k nown th eory a
-
nd a conse uent acti on T h e free on of each coll ars carri ed th ro h
m
'
,

of th e m otor. It ob vi ous th at a proper th e sh a e and connected, respecti vely, to n

rop en i ve sh i n
'
i ng of th e li nes of force may sai nted contact ri ngs b b V b .
’
A ny conven
h
-

e uti li zed to set up a movement or rotati on i ent for m of collector or b rush bears on ea ch
45 o f e i th e r ele m e n t o f th e m o to r , th e a r m a t u r e,
r i n g a n d f o rm s a te r m i n a l b y w h i c h th e can 9;
or th e d ei d mag net, and th at i f th e currents
-
rent to and fro m a ri ng is conveyed. Th ese
di rected th roug h th e several ci rc ui ts c l th e ter mi nals are connected to th e terminals of
o

moto r are i n th e proper d i recti on no commu th e motor by the wi res Land L i n th e man
'

q
th e m otor wi ll be re ui red ; but to ner i ndi cated, wh ereby two complete ci rc ui ts
—
so a v o i d a l l th e u su a l cc m m utati ug applian ces i n f ormed on e i n cludi n g , m y , t h e ce B
lls o f i on
 th e generator C C of th e motor, and th e oth er
’ ’
th rough one h alf of th e ri ng. I n Fig. 6 th e ar
th e rema i ni ng coi ls B '
and CC of th e generator mature h as completed five ei gh th s of a revolu
-

ti es . I n th is posi ti on coi l B develops a less 70

'
and th e motor.
It remai ns now to explai n th e mode o f ep p o w e r f u l c ur re n t b u t i n t h e s a m e d i rec ti o nas
I
,

5 e r a t i o n o f t h i s sy s te m . a n d f o r th is p u r p o se before. T h e coi l B on t h e ot h e r h a n d h a v i n g
O
, ,

refer to th ed i ag rams, F i gs. 1 to 8, and 1 to entered a field of pposi te polari ty , generates

‘

f or ani llustrati ono f th evari ous ph ases th ro ug h a c urrent o f opposi te d i rec ti on. Th e resultant
w h i ch th e coi ls of th e generator pass wh en i n p o le s w i ll th ere f o r e b h i n th e li ne N S , F i g .
75
o perati on, and th e correspond i ng and res u lt or, i n oth er wo rd s, th e poles of th e r i ng wi ll
0 ant mag neti c ch anges p rod uced i n th e m otor. be sh i fted alo ng nve ei gh th s o f i ts peri ph ery .
-

Th e revolutio n of th e armatu re of th e gener “

F i gs. 7 and 7 i n th e same manner i llustrate
ator between th e field m ag nets N Sob v i ously th e ph ases of th e g enerato r and r i ng at th ree
’
-

p r o d u c e s i n th e co i lB
s
’
B a lt e r n a ti n g currents, q n a r te rs o f a r e v o lu ti o n , a n d F i gs . 8 and 8
‘
80
th e i ntensi ty and d i rectio n o f wh i ch depend th e same at seven ei g h th s of a revo luti on o f
-

5 r i p e n w el -
l k n o w n l a w s . I n t h e p o s i ti o n of th e th e generato r armatu re. Th ese fig u res wi ll
-

c o i ls i nd i cated i n F i g . 1 th e c urrent i n th e be read i ly u nd erstood fro m th e foreg oi ng .

co i l B i s practi cally ni l, wh ereas th e coi l B ’
at W h en a c omplete rev olu ti o n i s accomplish ed ,
th e same ti me i s developi ng i ts max i m u m c u r th e co ndi ti o ns existi ng at th e start are re es 8 5 -

rent, and b y th e means i ndi cated i n th e d e tablish ed and th e same ac ti on i s repeated for
ao sc ri pti on of F ig , 9 th e c i rc u i t i nclu d i n th i s th e next and all su bseq uent rev oluti ons, and .
coil B may also i nclud e, say , th e coi ls
’
O of i n general, i t wi ll no w be seen th at every revo
th e m otor , F i g . 1 '
Th e result, wi th th eproper lution o f th e ar matu re of the generato r p ro
connec ti ons, wou ld be th e mag neti zati on o f d uces a co rrespond i ng sh i fti ng o f th e poles or 90
th e r i ng R , th e poles bei ng on th e li ne N S. li nes o f force arou nd th e r i ng . Th i s effec t I
'
’

35 Th e same ord er o f connecti o ns b ei ng obser ved uti li se i n p rod uc i ng th e r otati o n o f a b od y o r

B
b etween th e coi l and th e coi ls C , th e latter,
'
armatu re i n a vari ety o f ways— fo r ex ample,
wh en traversed b y a cu rrent, tend to fix th e apply i ng th e p ri nc i ple ab ov e d esc ri bed to th e
oles at ri gh t ang les to th e li ne N Sof F i g . apparatus sh own i n F ig . 9 . Th e d isk D, o w 9 5
p
t results, th erefore, th at wh en th e generator i ng to i ts tend ency to assum e th at pos i ti on i n
30 co i ls h a v e m a d e o n e e i g h t h o f a revoluti on, wh ich i t emb rhces th e g reatest possib le nu m
reach i ng th e posi ti on sh ow n i n F i g . 2 , both ber of th e mag neti c li nes, i s set i n rotati on,
p a i r s o f co i lsC a n d C
’
w il l b e t ra v e rs e d b y followi ng th e moti on o f th e li nes o r th e poi nts
cu rrents and act i n o posi ti on

t i n f t h e l es w i ll
p
locati on of th e poles 18 concerned . Th e post
t h e r ef
, i n so far a

e be th e result
s th e

O
D
o f g reatest attrac ti on.
Th e d isk i n F i g. 9 i s sh o wn as c ut away
on pposi tesi des ; b ut th i s, I h av e fo u nd . i s not
35 o o p o o r

ant of th e m ag neti zi ng forces o f th e coi ls : th at essenti al to effecti ng i ts rotati o n, as a ci rc u lar

i s to say, i t wi ll ad vance along th e ri ng to a d i sk , as i nd i cated by d otted li nes, i s also set
p o s i ti o n c o rr es p o n d i ng t o o n-
e e ig h t h o f t h e i n rotation. Th i s ph enomenon I attr ibu te to 1 0 5
revolu ti on of th e ar matu re of th e generator. a certai n i nerti a o r resi stance i nh erent i n th e
I n Fi . 3 th e arma t ur e o f t h e e n e rato r h a s metal to th e rap id sh i fti ng o f th e li neso f fo rce
p g g
p g ro r e ss e d to o ne q u a r t e r o f a r e v o l u t i o n ; A t th rough th e same, wh ic h resu lts i n a co nti nu
th e poi nt i nd icated th e c u r rent i n th e coil B ous tangenti al pull u pon th e d isk , c ausi ng i ts
i s maxi mu m, wh ile i n B i t is ai l, th e latter Th is seems to be confi rmed b y 'th e n o
’
rotati on.
coi l bei ng i n i ts neutral posi ti on. T h e poles fact th at a ci rc ular d isk o f steel i s mo re an c ot

f h ri ng R i n F i g . 3 will, i n co nseq u ence, i vely rotated th an one of soft i ron, fo r th e rea

‘

gs o t e
be sh i n ed to a posi ti o n ni nety d eg rees from s o n th a t t h e fo r m e r i s a ss u m ed t o p oss e s s a
th at at th e start, as sh own. I h ave i n li ke g r e at e r r es i sta n ce t o t h e sh i ft i n g o f th e mag
manner sh ownt h e cond i ti ons exi sti ng at each neti eli nes.
successi ve ei gh th of one r ev oluti on i n th e re I n i llustrati on of oth er fo rms of my i nven
5° m a i n i ug fi gu res. A sh ort reference to th ese ti on, I sh all now d esc ribe th e remai ni ng fig ures
figures wi ll snfii ce for anunderstand i ng of th ei r of th e d rawi ngs.
sig ni ficance. F igs. 4 and 4 i llustrate th e con F ig. 1 0 i s av i ew l ll elevati on and part ver
‘

d i ti ons wh i ch ex ist wh en th e generator arma ti cal secti on of a motor. F ig . 1 2 i s a tap view l 2 o

‘

ture h as completed th ree eigh th s of a revolu of th e same wi th th e field i n sec tio n and a d i a

55 t i ou . H e re both co i ls are g enerati ng c u rrent; g r a m o f co n ne c ti o n s F ig . 1 1 i s an end or

B
.

b ut th e coll , h av i ng new entered th e eppo

’
-
sid e vi ew of a g enerator wi th th e fields i n sec
si te field , i s generati ng a c ur rent i n th e oppo tion. Thi s form of moto r m ay be used i n place
si te di recti on, h av i ng th e opposi te mag neti c of th at sh own above. D is a cy li nd ri cal or 1 2 5
'
i ng efiect h ence th e resultant pole wi ll be on
°
d rum armature core, wh i c h , fo r ob v i ous rea
-

th e i i ne N 8 , as sh o w n. I n F ig . 5 one h alf of -
son s, sh ould besp li t up as far as p rac ti cable to
one revolu ti on of th e armatu re of th e gener prevent th e c i rc u lati o n wi th i n i t of c u rrents
ater h as been completed , and th e res ulti ng of i nd ucti on. Th e core i s wou nd lo ng i tud i
'

nally w i th two coi ls, E and E , th eends of wh i ch l 30

'
mag neti c cond i ti ono f th e ri ng i s sh o wn i n F ig .
I n th i s ph ase co il B i s i n th e neu tral posi are re s pec ti vely c o nnec ted to i nsulated co n
5 5 ti ou wh ile coi l B i s g enerati ng i ts m ax i m u m
’ ’ ’
tac t r i u s d d d d , carr ied b y th e sh aft a, u pon
-

cu rrent, wh i ch i s i n th e same d i rec ti o n as i n wh i c h t to ar matu re i s m ou nted. Th e arms

F i g . 4 . Th e poles wi ll co nseq u ently b e sh i fted tu re i s set to rev olve w i th i n an i ron sh ell, B
 wh i ch consti tutes th e field mag net, or oth er
-
Of th e r esultant attracti ve force exerted by
element of th e motor. Th is sh elli s pre ferably s G upon th e ar mature D , and conse
’
th e pole
fi r med wi th a slot or openi ng, r , b u t i t may q u e n t ly k ee p th e ar m a t u re ra p i d ly ro tati ng . 70
Th e pec uli ar ad vantage of th is d isposi ti on i s
'

be conti nuous, as sh o wn by th e d otted li nes,

5 a n d i n th i s e v ent it i s preferably mad e Of steel. i n Ob tai ni n a more co ncentrated and po wer
It is also d e s i rable th at th is sh ell sh ou ld be f ul field . h e applicati onO f th is pri nc iple to
di v i d ed up si milarly to th e ar mature and for systems i nvolv i ng multi ple ci rc ui ts g enerally
si mi lar reasons. As a g enerator for d r i v i ng wi llb e u nderstood from th i s ap paratus.
I
th i s m otor m ay use th e d ev i ce sh own i n F i g . Referr i ng, now, to Figs. 15 and 16, F ig . 1 5
o 1 1. Th is represents an annu lar or ri ng arma i s a d i ag ram mati c representatio n o f a mod i fi
tu re, A, su rrou nded by fou r c oils, F F F F , of fied d isposi ti on Of my i nventi o n. F ig 1 6 is a
’ ’
.

w h ic h th ose d i ametri cally pposi te are con
b eeted i n seri es, so th at four f ree ends are left,
w h i ch are connec ted to th e i nsulated contact
r i ngs b b b b .
’ '
Th e ri ng i s su i tably mounted
o n a sh aft, a , between th e poles N S
’
O h ori zontal c ross secti o nO f th e motor. I nth is
case a d i sk , D , Of mag neti c metal, pre ferably 80
c u t away at opposi te edges, as sh own i n dot
ted li nes i n F ig . 15 , i s mou nted so as to turn
. Th e freely i nsid e two stati onary coi ls, N N placed
'

c o ntact ri ngs of each pai r O f g enerator coi ls

- -
at ri g h t angles to one anoth er. T h e coi ls are
are connected to th ese o f th e motor, respec t p referab ly wou nd ona frame, 0 , of i nsu lati ng 85
i v ely , by means O f contac t b rush es and th e -
materi al, and th ei r ends are connected to th e
0 two pai rs of co nd u ctors LL a nd L L, as i n fi xed termi nals TTTT. Th e generator 0 is
’ ' ’ '

d i cated d i ag rammati cally i n F i g. 1 2 . N ow i t a rep resentati ve o f th at class of alternati ng

i s ob v i ous from a c onsi d erati on Of th e prec ed c urrent mac h i nes i nwh i ch astatio uary i nd nced
i ng fig ures th at th e rotati on Of th e generator element i s employed . T h at sh own co nsists O f 90
a revolv i ng permanent or elec tro mag net, A,
’
r i ng prod uces c u r rents i nth e coi ls F F , wh i ch ,

5 b e i ng transmi tted to th e m otor co i ls, i mpart to -

and fou r i nd ependent stati onary mag nets, P
th e c ore Of th e latter mag neti c poles constantly P, wound with coils, th ose d i ametr ically 0 p
’
°

sh i fti ng o r wh i rli ng arou nd th e core.

'
T h is p os i ts to e a ch o th er b e i ng co n nec ted i n series
efiect sets u p a rotati on o f th e armatu re o w and h av i ng th ei r ends sec u red to th e ter mi 95
i ng to th e a
'
nals t t t t . F ro m th ese termi nals th e cu r
’
ttrac ti ve force between th e sh ell
and th e poles of th e ar matu re, b ut i nasm uc h rents are led to th e ter mi nals o f th e motor, as
as th e coi ls i n th i s case mo ve relati ve to th e sh own i n th e d rawi ngs. Th e mode of pera
’

O
sh ell or field mag net th e movement of th e ti on i s substanti ally th e same as i n th e p rev i
'

- .

O
coi ls i s i n th e p pos i te d i rec ti on to th e pro ous cases, th e cur rents traversi ng th e coi ls of ( 00
th e motor h avi ng th e efi eet to tu rn th e d isk
‘

g r e as i v e s h i ft i n g o f t h e p o l es .

3 5 O t h e r a rrangemen t s o f t h e co i ls o f b o t h g en D . Th i s mod e of carry i ng ou t th e i nvention

erator and motor are possi ble, and a g reater h as th e ad vantage of di spensi ng wi th th e sli d
nu mber of c i rc u i ts may be used , as will beseen i ng co ntacts i n th e system.
i n th e two su cceedi ng fig u res. I n th e forms of motor above descri bed only to s
Fi g . 13 is a d iag ram mati c i llustrati o n of a on eo f th e elements, th e armatu re o r th e field
0 motor and a g enerator co nstruc ted and con~ mag net, i s provi ded wi th energ i zi ng co i ls. It
4
-

nested i n accord ance wi th m y i nventi on. F i g. remai ns, th en to sh ow h o w both elements ma

,
y
1 4 i s an end v i ew of th e gener ator wi th i ts be wo u nd wi th c oi ls. Reference i s th erefore
.

field mag nets i n sec ti on. Th e field of th e mo

-
h ad to F igs 1 7, 18, and 19 . F i g . 1 7 i s an end n o
.

tor M i s p rod uced by si x mag neti c poles, G G ,

'
v i ew Of such a motor.
’
F ig. 1 8 i s a si milar
45 s e c u r ed to o r p r oj e c ti n g fr o m a r i n g o r fra m e ,
v i ew o f th e generator wi th th e field ma nets -

g
H . Th ese m ag nets or poles are wou nd wi th i n secti o n, and F ig . 19 i s a d i ag ram o f th e c i r
i nsulated coi ls, th ose d i ametrically pposi te O su i t co nnec ti o ns.
-
In F i g . 1 7 th e field mag net -

to each oth er bei ng connected i n pai rs so as to of th e motor co nsi sts of a ri ng , R, p referab ly o f r

5
rod nos Opp o si te p o les i n e a c h p a i r T h i s th i n i nsu lated i ro n sh eets or bands wi th eig h t
r
.

"
'
eeves si x free ends, wh i c h are connected to po le pi eces, G , and co rres pond i ng recesses, i n
th e termi nals TTT TT T . Th e armatu re, wh i c h fo u r pai rs o f coi ls , V , are wou nd. Th e
' ' ”
-

wh i ch i s mounted to rotate b etween th e poles, d i ametri cally opposi te pai rs Of coi ls are con~
’

i s a cyli nd er or d isk, D , of wrough t i ron, -

useted i nseri es and th e f ree ends connec ted to ( 2 0

nro unted on th e sh aft a. Two seg ments of fo u r ter m i nals, to, th e rule to be followed i n
55 t h e s a m e a re c ut away, as sh o wn. T h e gen co nnec ti ng bei ng th e same as h erei nbefo re ex
erator for th is motor h as i n th is i nstan plai ned . Anar mature, D , wi th two coi ls, E E ,
’

an armature, A, wou nd wi th th ree coi ls,

’ "
K K , at si xty de g r e es a p a rt . T h e e n d s
at ri g h t ang le
-
s to each oth er, i s mou nted to ro
tate i nside of th e field mag net R. Th e ends of ( 2
-

5
th ese coi ls are co n n
ec ted , respec ti vely , to i
"" th e armatu re coi ls are connec ted to two ai rs
-

p
60 sulated co ntact ri ngs e e e e e e . Th ese Th e gener
' '
o f contac t ri ngs d d d d , F i . 1 9.
’
’

g
- -
. ,

r i ngs are connected to th ose O f th e motor i a ato r for th is moto r may b e Of any sui tab le ki nd
'

p r o p e r o r d e r b y m e a n s o f c o ll e c ti n g
-
b r us h e s to p rod u c e cu r rents o f th e d esi red c h aracter.
and si x wi res, fo rm i ng th ree i nd ependent c i r In th e present i nstance i t co ns ists Of a field 1 30
c u i ts. Th e v ari ati ons i n th e strength and d i mag net, N S, and an armatu re, A, wi th two
6 5 recti on o f th e cu rrents transmi tted th rou h coi ls at ri g h t ang les, th eends of wh i ch are con
i
.

th ese c i rc u i ts and trav ersi ng th e coils of t e u seted to fou r contac t r i n s b b b b f

’
, carri e
’

g ,
-

mo tor p rod uce a stead i ly p rog ressi ve sh i tti ng

-
by its sh aft. Th e c i rc ui t connecti o ns are cl
-
 tab lish ed M twceu th e ri ngs -

on th e aerator tor wi ll be prac ti cally constant. It i s clearly

sh aft and th ose on th e motor sh att y collect '
apparent th at th e speed can never exceed th e
i ng b m sh a and wi res,as previ ously explai ned . arbi trary li mi t as determi ned by th e gener 70
I n ord er to properly energ ize th e n ei d mag net ator, and also th at wi th i n certai n li mi ts at
-

5 o f t h e m o t o r , h o w e v e r, th e connecti on s are so least th e speed Of th e motor wi ll be i ndepend

made wi th th e armatu recoi ls or wi res lead i ng ent of th e strength of th e c urrent.
th ereto th at wh i le th e poi nts of g reatest at

of forc e up on th e armatu re are sh i n

It will now be more read ily seen from th e
tracti o n or g reatest densi ty of mag netic li nes above desc ri ption h ow far th e re ui rements of
ed i n o ne a practi cal system of electri cal tran
q smis i on
to d i recti on th ose uponth en old mag net are mad e o f power are reali zed i n my i nventi on.
-
I as
to prog ress i n an opposite d i recti on. I noth er c u re, fi rst, a u ni form speed u nd er all loads
O
respec ts th e perati on is i denti cally th e sam e wi th i n th e norm al wor i ng li m i ts of th e mo k
as i n th e oth er cases c i ted . T
. h is arrangement to r wi th ou t th e use Of any au xi li ary regulator ; 80
results i n an i ncreased speed of rotati on. In second, sy nch ronis m between th e motor and
I ; F igs. 1 7 and 1 9 , for example, th e ter mi nals Of generator ; th i rd , g reater effi ci ency by the
each set o f n ei d co i ls are connected w i th th e m ore d i rect appli catio n of th e c u rrent, no
q
-

wi res to th e two armatu re coi ls i n such way commutati ng devi ces bei ng re ui red on ei th er
-

th at th e d ei d coi ls wi ll mai ntai nopposi te poles th e motor or generator fou rth , ch eapness and
-

i n ad v ance of th e p oles of th e ar mature. si mpli c i ty of mec h an cal construction andi

so I n th e d rawi ngs th e field coils are i n sh unts economy i n mai ntenance; fifth , th e capabi li ty
-

to th e armatu re, b ut th ey may be i n seri es or of bei ng v ery easi ly managed or co ntrolled ;

‘

i n i nd epend ent ci rc ui ts. and, si xth , d i mi nuti on of danger from i n j ur y to

I t i s ob vi ous th at th esame pri nciple may be persons and apparatus. 90
appli ed to th e vari ous typical forms O f motor Th ese motors may be run i nseri es, multi ple
3 5 h erei nbefore desc ri bed . are or multi ple series, u nder condi ti ons well
H av i ng now d escr i bed th e nature of m i a u nderstood by th ose ski lled i n th e art.
v enti o nand some Of th e vari ous ways i n w i ch Th e means or d ev ices for carryi ng out the
i t i s o r may b e carri ed i nto effec t, I would call pri nci ple m ay be vari ed to a far g reater ex
attenti qn to certai n ch aracteri stics wh i ch th e tent th an I h ave been able to i nd i cate; b ut I
30 a pp li c a ti o n s o f t h e i n v e n ti o n p o ss e ss a n d th e w a r d a s wi th i n m y i n v en ti o n , a n d I d e s i r e to
ad vantages wh i ch th e i nventi o n sec u res. secure by L etters Patent i n g eneral, motors
I n my motor, consid eri n for conveni ence co ntai ni ng two or more i ndependent ci rc ui ts
g '

O
th at rep resented i n F ig . 9 , t wi ll be bserv ed th roug h whi c h th e perati ng currents are led O -

"
th at si nce th e d isk D h as a tendency to follow i n th e manner desc ri bed . B y i ndependent
35 co n t i n uo usly th e poi nts O f g reatest attracti o n, I d o n o t m e a n to i m p ly t h a t t h e c i rc u i ts a re
and si nce th ese poi nts are sh i fi ed around th e necessarily i solated from one anoth er, for i n
m
r ln Once for eac h revolu ti on of th e armatu re so e i nstances th ere mi gh t be elec tri cal con
of egenerator, i t follows th at th e movement ne c ti ons between th em to reg ulate or mod i fy
o f th e d isk D wi ll b e sy nch ro nous wi th th at of th e action of th e motor wi th out necemari ly
'

m A T re by practi cal d f
'

4c t h e a r a t u r e . h is fe a t u p r o d u c i ng a n e w o r i f e re n t a c ti o n .

demonstrati ons I h ave fou nd to exist i n all I am aware th at th e rotati on of th e arms

oth er forms i n wh i c h o ne rev olu ti on of th e ture of a motor wou nd wi th two energ izi ng
armatu re of th e generato r p rod uces a sh i fti ng coi ls at ri g h t angles to each oth er h as been
of th e poles o f th e motor th roug h th ree h un effected by an i nter mi ttent sh i n i ng of th e en
45 t i re d a n d s i x t y d e g ree s . e r g i z i n g e fi ec t o f b o t h c o i ls th ro u g h w h i c h a
I n th ep arti cular co nstr ucti onsh o wni nF ig . d i rec t current by means of mech ani cal de
15 , 0 r i n oth ers constructed on a si milar plan, vi ces h as been transmitted i n alter nately Op -

th e nu mber o f alternati ng i m pu lses resu lti ng posi te d i recti ons ; b ut th is meth od or plan I re
from o ne revolu ti on O f th e generator arma gard as abso lutely i mpracti cab le fo r th e pur
50 t u re i s d o u b l e a s c o m p ar e d w i th t h e p re c e d p o se s f o r w h i c h m y i n v e n ti o n is d e s i g ne d — a t
i cases, a n d t h ep o la ri ti e s i n th e m ot o r a r e len t o n a ny e x te n d e d sc a le — f or t h e re a so n s,

s h fled aro u nd twi ce by one revoluti on of th e mai nly , th at a gre at was te of energy is neces
'

m T d h m m f i
'

g e n e r a t o r-
a r a ture. h e s p e e o f t e o t o r sa r i ly i n v ol ve d u n le ss t h e n u b e r o e n e rg z
wi ll, th erefore, be twi ce th at of th e generator. i ng c i rc ui ts is very great, and th at th e i nter
-

55 T h e s a m e r e s u lt i s e v i dentl
y O b ta i ne d b y s u c h r u p t i o n an d r e v e r sa l o f a c ur r e n t of an y co n
a dispos i ti on as th at sh own i n F ig . 1 7, w h ere si d erab le streng th by means of any k nown
the poles of both elements are sh i fted i n Op mech ani cal devi ces is a matter of th e greatest
p d si t e d i re c t i o n s d i ffi cu lty and ex pense.
A g a i n , c o n s i d e r i u g t h e a p p a r a t u s i llu s tra te d I n t h i s a pp l i c a t i o n I d o n o t cl a i m th e m e t h o d
60 by F ig. 9 as ty pi cal of th e i nventi on, it is oh of Operati ng motors wh i ch i s h erei ni nvolved ,
v ious th at si nce th e attracti ve eff ect u pon th e h av i ng m ad e separat appli cati on fo r suc h
e

dis k D is g reatest wh en th e d is k is i n i ts meth od.

O e r r e la t i ve pos i tio n to th e pole s d e v e l I th e re fore clai m th e followi ng
p p r
oped i -
n t h e
‘

r i n g R — th at i s to s a y, w h e n i ts 1 . T h e co m b i na ti o n , w i th a m o t or co n t a i n
- 1

65 ends or poles i mmed iately follo w th ose of th e i ng separate or i nd ependent ci rc ui ts on th e

rl — t h e s p e e d o f th e m o t or fo r a ll th e lo a d s a r m a t u r e o r fi e ld v
m a g n ct o r b o t h o f an a lt e r

fi
p
k
,

w i n th e normal wor i ng li mi ts of th e mo nati ng cnrrent generator contai ni ng i nd uced o

 ci rcui ts connected i ndependently to corre th e rotation of th e enerator causes a pro
spond i n c i rcui ts i n th e motor, wh ereby s ro g ren i ve sh i fti n t of g
e poles of th e motor i n

P
tationo th e generator roduces aprog ressi ve
sh i fti ng of th e poles o th e motor, a
described .
s h erei n
th e manner set orth .
4 . I n a system for th e electri cal transmi s
si on of power, the comb i nati on of th e follow 30
5
2 . I n a system for th e elec tri cal transmis i ng i nstrumentali ti to wi t: a motor com
si onof power, th e comb i nati onof a motor p ro p o sed o f a d is k
o r ts u i valent m ounted
v i ded wi th two or more i ndependent ma net
g wi th i n a ri ng or s ah itler eld mag net. wh i ch
-

i zi ng coi ls and an alternati ng c urrent gener

- -
is provided wi th magnetizi ng coi ls connected
-

no ator co ntaini ng i n d uced coils cor respond i ng to i n d iametri cally opposi te pai rs or g roups to
-

th e m oto r cells, and ci rcui ts connecti ng d i i ndependent termi nals;agenerator h avi ng ln

q
-

rectly th e m otor and generator coils i n such
ord er th at th e c u rrents developed by th e gen
-
d uced coils or g roups of coi ls e ual i n nu mber
to th e pai rs or g roups of moto r coi ls, and ci r
-

c ator wi ll be passed th rou h th e correspond

r g cu its connecti n th e termi nals of sai d coi ls to
15 i ng moto r coi ls, and th ereby prod uce a pro
-
th e termi nals 0 th e motor, respecti vely, and 40
g ressi ve sh i tti ng of th e poles of th e m otor, as
h erei n set forth .
3 . Th e co mb i nati on, with a motor h av i ng
q
i n suc h order th at th e rotati on of th e gener
ator and th e conse uent prod ucti on of alter
nati ng c urrents i n th e respecti v ec i rcui ts ro
an annular or ri ng sh aped field mag net and a ducesa prog ressi ve sh i fti n g of th e poles o th e
- -

gan
so cy li d ri cal ) eq u vt le t ar mature, and i nde motor, as h erei nbefore descri bed
pe z
n e n fi:
t co on t e el i mag netor armatu re,
~

N IKO LA TE LL
or both , of a n alter nati ng cu rrent generator
-

h av i ng c orrespond i ng ly i ndependent coi ls, W it-u ses

and ci rcu i ts i ncludi ng th e generator coi ls and
-
F u n E. H ARTLEY,
25 cor respond i ng motor coi ls i nsuch manner th at FRANK B. MURPH Y.
(l o l odei .) 2 Sh eets—Sh eet l.
N TBSLA
. .

st scr no ni afisrw Moron

.

No . P atented May 1. 1888 .

4 nou n6 .
(l l od el.)
Sh eets—Sh eet
o

N T ESL A
2 2 .

. .

BLEOTBO m onsn o moron .

No .
P atented May 1. 1888 .
 UN I T ED STAT ES PAT ENT O FFIC E .

N I K O LA TESLA , or N EW Y O RK , N . Y , ASSIG N OR or ON E H ALF

.
-
TO C H AR LES
E. PECK , o r EN G LEW OO D , N E W JERSEY .

E LEC TRO -
M AG N ETIC M O TO R.

S PE CI F I C ATI ON fo rm i ng part of Letters P atent N o . d ated M ay 1 . 1 8 88 .

Ap plication ti led N ov ember so. i m . Serial N o. m (R e mod-Ll

To a ll w h om, i t nm y c onc er n: c rator. T h is bei ng th e case, th e dei d c ores and -

Be i t k nown th at I, N IK O LA Tess a, from th e pole p i ec es o f th e mo to r become a mag

-

Sm i lj an Li ke, bo rd er co u ntry o f Apetrih H u n -

net. b ut b y i nd ucti o n only .
a
g y r n
, o w r es i d i n g i n N e w Y e r k , i n th e c o u n t y I h av e fou nd th at ad vantageous results are
5 a n d S t at e o f N e w Y o rk , h a v e i n v e n te d c e r ta i n secu red by wi ndi ng th e field mag nets with a 5 5 -

new and useful i m provements i nElec tro Mag -

coi l or coi ls and passi ng a co nti nuous cur rent
neti c Moto rs, of wh i ch th e followi ng i s aspec i th rough th em, th us mai ntai ni ng a per manent
fi cati on, reference bei ng h ad to th e d rawi ngs field , and i n th is featu re my present i nvention
acco mpany i ng and for mi ng apart o f th e same. consists.
a In an appli cation filed by me O c tober 1 2 , I sh all now descri be th e a p paratus wh i ch I 60
1 88 7, N o 25 2 , l 32 , l h av e sh o wn and d escr ibed
. h av e d ev i sed for car ry i n out th is i nv enti on
a no vel fo rm o f electro mag neti c motor and a
-
and ex plai n th e mode 0 usi ng or operati ng
m od e o f o perati ng th e same, wh i ch may be th e same.
g e n e ra l ly d e sc ri b e d as fo ll o w s : T h e m o to r i s F ig u re 1 is an end v iew i n elevati o n of my
w n d w i th e ll f m i n i nd e en d en t e n e i mp ro ved motor. F i . 2 i s a part h ori zontal 6 5
g
5 o u c s or g p r

g i zi ng c-
i r c u i t s o n e i th er t h e a r m a t u re o r fi e l d central secti on, and l ig . 3 is a d iag rammati c
m ag net, or b oth , (i t i s enllleient for present pur representati o n of th e moto r and generator

p o s es t o c o n s id e r th e case i n wh i ch th e coi ls c o mb i ned and co nnec ted fo r operati on.

are o n th e ar matu re alone, ) and th ese co ils are Let AAi n F ig . 1 represent th e legs or pole
a c o nnec ted u p w i th corr espo nd i ng c i rc u i ts on p i ec es o f a fie l d m a g n et aro u nd w h i c h are 70
B
-

an alternati ng c urrent g enerator. As th e re

-
coi ls B, i ncluded i n th e c irc u i t of a conti n
s u lt of th is, c urrents o f alter nately opposi te -
u ous cu rren-
t g enerator, 0 , wh i c h i s ad apted
d i rec ti o n are sent th roug h th e energ i zi n c oi ls to i m part mag netism to th e sai d poles i n th r

5
o f th e mo tor i n such manner as to pr

p r o g r es s i v e s h i t
t i n g o r r
neti c poles o f th e armatu re. Thi s mo vement
o ta ti on of th e m
uce a
ag D
ord i nary manner .
'
D are two i nd ependent coi ls wound u po n 75
a su i tab le cy li nd ri cal or eq ui valent ar matu re
o f th e poles of th e arm atu re ob v i o usly tend s co re, wh i ch , li ke all oth ers used i n a si mi lar
to rotate th e armatu re i n th e opposi te d i rec manner, sh ould be spli t or d i v id ed u p i nto ai
ti o nto th at i n wh i ch th emovement of th e poles ternate ma neti c and i nsulati ng parts i n th e
g
0 takes p lace, owi ng to th e att racti ve force be. usual way . {Th is ar mature is mou nted i n non 80
tween sai d poles and th e d ei d mag nets ,and th e-
mag neti c c ross bars E E, sec u red to th e poles
-

Th e termi nals of th e ar
sp eed of rotati o n i nc reases fro m th e start u n o f th e deld mag net.
D
-

ti l i t eq uals th at of th e g enerato r suppos i ng

’

,
matu re co ils -
D are connected to i nsulated
b oth moto r and generator to be ali ke. slid i ng c o ntact r i ng s a a b b, carri ed b y th e ar
- e

5 A s th e p o l es o f t h e a r m at u re are sh i fte d i n mature sh all, and br ush es 0 c bear u pon th ese 85

’

a d i rec ti o n opposi te to th at i n wh i c h th e ar ma ri ngs to convey to th e co i ls th e cu rrents wh i ch

ture rotates, i t wi ll b e apparent th at w h en th e pO er ate t h e m o to r .

no r mal s peed is attai ned th e oles o f th e Th e generato r fo r perati ng th is motor i s or O

r matu re w i ll a ssume a fi xed pos ti o n relati ve may b e of prec i sely i d enti cal constru cti on
a
p to th e field m ag net, and th at i n conseq uence
-
and for co nvenienceof re fere nceI h ave mark e 90 d
th e field m ag nets w i ll be energ i zed by mag
-
i p F i g. 3 i ts parts , as follows: F F , th e field
neti c i nd uc ti o n, exh i b i ti ng two d isti nct poles, mag nets, energ i zed by a conti nuo us c u rrent
'
o ne i n each of th e pole pi eces . -
I n starti ng p a s s in i n i ts fi e ld co i ls G G ; H H , th e co i ls
-

th e m otor, h o wev er, th e s i c ed of th e arma earri by th e c li ud rlcs l ar matu re; d d e e,

tu re b ei ng comparati vely ow,th e ole pi eces -
th e fri cti on or co leeti ng ri ngs earri ed b y th e 9 5
are s ubj ec te d to rapi d rev ersals o mag netic armature sh alt and formi ng t e ter mi nals O f h
"
-

po lari ty b ut as th e speed i ncreases th a nno th e ar mature coi ls ; and f f th e collecti ng

-

v c rsals bec ome less and less fre neat, and brush es wh i ch d eli v er th e currents developed
h
-

fi nally ceasewh en th e movement o h e arma i n th e armatu r s to th e two ci rcui ts

'
'

9g,
p t u r e b e c o m e s y n ch r o nous wi th th at of th e gen \1 E ri ch conner z
g e nerators wi th th e m otor. roo
-

I “
 Th e Operati on of this system wi ll be under i n sy nch ronism wi th the enerator. Motors
item th e foregoi ng . T h e action Of th e constructed and opera on th is pri nci ple
ratc r,h y causi ng a prog reu i ve sh i t ti ng of mai ntai n almost absolutely th e sen s speed for
‘

e poles i n th e motor armature,sets up i nth e

-
k
all loads wi th i n th ei r normal wor i ng li mi ts ; 4 5
‘
-

O
atter a rotation pposi te i n directi on to th at and i n practi ce I h ave observed th at i t th e
i n w h i ch t h e po le s m o v e . If, n o w th e co nt i n u motor be overloaded to such an extent as to
k
,

ous current bedi rec ted th rough th efield coi ls, ch ec i ts speed th e speed of th e generator, i f
s o as to str o ngyl e n er g i ze t h e m a g n et A A , tb e i ts moti ve power be not too g is di mi n
Of th e motor, wh i ch depen d s upon th at i sh ed sy nch ronously wi th th at of t e motor. 50
'

th egenerator, wi ll not be i ncreased, but th e I h ave i n oth er appli cati ons sh ow n h ow th e

p o w e r w h i ch p ro d u ce s i ts r ot a ti o n w ill b e i a c on structi on of th ese or si mi lar motors may
crea sed i a proporti on to th e energ y suppli ed be vari ed i n certai n well known ways—as, for
-

th rough th e coi ls BB . i nstance, by rotati ng th e field about a stati on

It is ch aracteristi c of th i s motor th at i ts d i
noti on of rotati on i s not reversed by revers
i ng th e d i rection of th e c u rrent th roug h i ts
field coi ls, for th e d i recti on of rotati on de
-
ary armatu re or rotati ng conductors w i th i n 5 5
I
th e field ; b ut d o not i llustrate th ese featu res
f urth er h erei n, as wi th th e i llus trat i on wh ic h
I h ave g i venI reg ard th e rest as wi th i n th e

p end s n ot u p o n th e p o la r i ty O f th e fie ld , b u t power of a person ski lled i n th e art to con

upon th e d i recti on i n wh i c h th e poles of th e struc t. 60
armature are sh ifted . To reverse th e motor, Th e present form ofmotor i s ch eap.si mple,
th e connecti ons of ei th er o f th e ci rc ui ts 9 g reli ab le, and easy to mai ntai n. It req ni res
’

ma t be reversed . th e si mplest ty pe of gener ator for i ts Opera

I h a v e fo u nd th a t i t th e fi e ld-
m ag ne t O f t h e
motor be strongly energ i zed by i ts coi ls BB
and th e ci rcui ts th roug h th e armature coi ls
closed, assu mi ng th e g enerator to be ru nni ng
at a certai n speed, th e motor wi ll not star t;
M if th e field be but sli gh tl energ ized or i n
uneral i n such cond i ti on t at th e m ag neti c
f nfi uence Of th e ar mature preponderates i n
determi ni ng i ts mag neti c condi ti o n th e motor
will start and, wi th sumci ent current, will
ti on, and wh en p rop erly constructed sh o ws a
bi h efi ci eney .
-
do not clai m h erei n th e meth od of trans
mi tti ng power wh i ch th is system i nvolves,
h avi ng made i t th e su bj ect of anoth er appli ~
cati on for patent.
W hat I clai m i s:
Th e combi nati on, with a motor h avi ng i n
dependent energi zi ng or armatu re ci rcu i ts, of
an alternati ng cu rrent generator wi th corre
-

reach i ts maxi mu m or normal speed. F or th i s spond i ng i nd uced ci rc ui ts connected with th e

'
r eason i t is desi rable to kee at th e start and motor for efiec ti ng a p rog ressi ve sh i fti ng of 75
u ntil th e motor h a s attai n i ts normal speed , th e poles of th e motor armatu re and a source
-

o r ne arly so, th e field ci rc ui t open or to per

-
,
of conti nuous current for energ si ng th e field
mi t b ut li ttle current to pan th rou h i t. I of sai d motor, a s set forth .
h ave fou nd, h owever, i f th e fields of h th e I
N KOLA TESLA.
rator and motor be s trongly energi zed W i tnesses
starti ng th e gen erator starts th e motor. F i rm B. H ears t ,
Ol d th at th e speed of th e motor is i ncreased F m : E. Han an .
‘
( li e l odel.
) 8 Sh eets—Sh eet i
N T ES LA
.

. .

SYSTEM OF ELECTRICALDISTRIBUTION.
No . P atented May 1. 1888 .
(l l od el.i 2 —Sh eet
Sh eets 2.
N T ESL A
o

. .

SYSTEM or ELECTRICALDI STRIBUTION.

No. P atented May 1 1888 , .
 UN ITED STATES PATEN T O FFIC E.

m om m en , or NEW r oux, 1m m , ABSIGN OB or om ns nr TO os aanm

r . r ecs , or EN GLuwoon, new JERSEY .

SYSTE M O F E LEC TRIC AL D ISTRIBUTIO N .

m oanm u ta mi ng part of
-
matters Patent t o. dated M ay
Applicators lied December u . 1307. S
erial N o. seam . (l amodel.)

1h all w h om i t m a m concer n.. vari ous forms of elec tro dy nami c i nd uc ti on so

-

k
Be i t nown th at f , Huron TESLA, from mach i nes, i nclud i ng th ecom bi ned motors and
k
Smilj an Li a, border counlr of Austri a H un -

g e n era tors h av e b e en d evi sed . F o r i n st anc e

k
, ,
a
g y r n ow re s i di n g a t N e w o r , n th e coun
i ty a motor is constru cted i naccord ance wi th well
k
,

S a n d S t a t e o f N ew Y or , h a ve i n v e n te d ce r tai n understood pri nc i i ce, a nd on th e same arma

new and usef ul Imp rovements i n S ystems of ture are wou nd i n need coi ls wh i ch co nsti tute 55
Electr i cal D istri buti on, of wh i ch th e followi ng a generator. Th e mo tor coi ls are generally of
-

is a speci ficati on, reference bei ng h ad to th e fi ne wi re and th e nerator coi ls of coarser

-

drawi ngs acco mpanyi ng and formi ng a part of

to th e same. qwi re, so as to p c os a cu rrent of g reater
uanti ty and lower potential th anth e li ne our -

Th is i nv enti on relates to th ose system of rent, wh i ch i s of relati vely h i gh p otenti al, to 60

ele ctri cal di str i b utio n i nwhi ch a c urrent from
asi ng le so u r ce of s upply i n a mai n or trans
mi tti ng ci rc ui t i s caused to i nduce by means
(
5 of su i t ab le i n d ucti on a paratus a cu rrent or
cu rrents i n an i nd epeu ent worki ng ci rcui t or
avoi d loss i nlong transmissi on. Asi mi lar ar
rangement i s to wi nd coi ls correspond i ng to
th ose descr i bed i n s wi ng o r si mi lar c ore, and
b means of a com mutator of sui table i nd to k
d rect th e cu rrent th rough th e i nd uc i ng coils 63 -

ci rcu i ts . successi vely , ” as to m ai ntai n a movement of

Th e mai n obj ects of th e i nventi on are th e th e poles of th e core and of th e li nes of force
m e as h ave been h eretofore ob tai ned by th e wh i ch set up th e c urrents i n th e i nd uced coi ls.
so use of th ese systems — vi m, to di vi d e th e cu r W i th out enu merati n th eobj ecti ons to th ese
rent from a si ngle sou rce, wh ereby a number s toms i n d etai l, i t wi i sumce to say th at th e o
o

of lamps, m otors, or oth er tran
may be i nd ependently controlled and operated
by th e same sou rce o f current, and i n some
35 case to red uce a cu rren
th e mai n circ ui t to one o f renter uanti ty and
t of h i gh pote tial i n
lower potenti al i n th e i n e ndout consump
k
ti on or wor i ng c i rc u it or c reni ta.
Th e general ch aracter of th e devi ces em
30 ploy ed i n th ese systems i s now well u nder
stood. An alternati ng current magneto ma
- -
chi ne is used a s th esou rce of supply . T
rent developed th ereby is cond ucted th rough
a transmissi on ci rcui t to one or more distant
-
-
y
slati ng devi ces eory or th e ri nci ple of th e acti on or pera O
ti on of th ese evi ces h as apparently been so
li ttle understood th at th ei r p roper con struc
q
n ti on and use h ave up to th e present ti me been
attended wi th v arious di flculti a and
ex pen se. T h e transformers are very liab e to
be i nju red and bu rned out, and th e means re
sorted to for curi ng th is and oth er d efects
h ave almost i nvari ably been at th e expense of
emci ency.
h e c ur Th e form of converter or transformer wh i ch
I h ave dev ised ap ears to be larg ely f reefrom
p
th e d efects and obj ecti o ns to wh i ch I h ave al

35 p o i n t
s at w h i c h th e tr a n s fo r m e r s a r e located. i ndod . W h ile I d o not h erei n ad vance any
Th esecons ist of i nd ucti on mach i nes of vari ous -
th eory as to i ts mod e of operati on, I would 8
5
k i nd s. I nsom e cnsm ord i nary forms of i nd uc state th at, i n so far as th e p ri nc i pal of con
tio n coi l h ave been used wi th one coi l i n th e
-
structi on i s concer ned i t i s analog ou s to th ose
transmi tti ng ci rc u i t and th e oth er i n a local
-
h
trans for mers wh i ch I ave above desc ri bed as
s o or c on su m p ti o n ci rc u i t, t h e co i ls b e i n g d i aer electro d y nami c i nd ucti on mach i nes exce t
p
k
,
ently proporti oned ac cord i ng to th e wor to th at i t i nvolves no movi ng pa rts wh atever , and
m —
q i n
h i i th at is
q
be o d n e i n t e co n su p t o c -
rcu t is h ence not li able to wear or oth er d erange
to any, if th e work re u i res a c urrent of h i gh er ment, and re u i res no more attenti on th an th e
p d a rt i a l th a n th a t i n t h e t ra n s m i ssi o n ci rcu i t oth er and morecommon i nd u cti on mach i nes. -

45 t h e s e c o n d a r y o r i n d u c ed co i l i s o f g eater
r I n carryi ng ou t my i nventi on I provi de a
leng th and resistance th an th e pri mary , wh i le,
q seri es of i nd uc in coi is and correspond i n i n
h g
-

95
on th e oth er h and , if a uanti ty current .of (1q coils,whi c , by preference, I wi nd u on
p
lov e ntini i s wante d th e longer coi l is acore closed u n i tself—s uch as anannulus or
nu de e pri mary. In li eu of th u s devi ca ri n g subd i v i ed i n th e usual manner. Th e
 done, th e currents are prod u ced by dy namo
mag neti c i nd uc ti on only, th e same result be
i ng obtai ned as th ough th e poles were sh i fted
by a com mutator with an i nfi ni te nu mb er of
5 a ents.
g e m od i ficati ons wh i ch are appli cable to
oth er for ms of converter are i n many respects
appli cab le to th is. I refer more parti cu lu ly -
to th e fo r m of th e core, th e relati ve len th s
and res istances o f th e pri mary and secon ary
-
g tri c transmi ssi on ci rc ui ts , of transfor mers con
coil; and th e arrangements for r unni ng or op
erati ng th e same.
Th e new meth od c l elec tri cal conversi on
wh i ch th is sy stem i nv olves I h av e mad e th e
subj ec t of anoth er ap pli cati on, and I d o not
clai m i t th erefore h erei n.
W i th ou t li m i ti ng myself th erefore to any
specifi c fo rm , wh at I c lai m i s
1. The combi nati o n, wi th a co re closed u pon
so i tself, i nd u ci ng or pri mary coils wound th ereon
and co nnec ted u p i ni nd ependent pai rs or sets ,
and i nd uced or second ary coils wound u pon
o r near th e pr i m ary coi ls, of a aerator of
alternati ng c ur rents and i ndepen ent connec
ti ons to th e p ri mary coi ls, wh ereby by th e op
erati c n o f th e g enerator aprog ressi ve sh i fti ng
of th e poles of th e core is eflected , a s set forth .
2. T h eco mbi natlon,with anannular c r si mi
lar mag neti c core and pri mary and secondary
coils wound th ereon, of an alternati ng cm -
30
rent g enerator h av i ng i nd uced or armature .
coi ls correspond i n to th e p ri mary coi ls, and
i nd epend ent ci rcu ts connecti n th e pri mary
g
coi ls wi th th e corres c ndi ng 00 1 s of th e g en
c rator, as h erei n set crth .
8. Th e combi nati on, wi th i ndependent elec
‘
-
si sti ng of annular or si mi lar cores wou nd wi th
pri mary and secondary coi ls, th e opposi te pri
mary coi ls of each transfor mer bei ng connected
to one of th e transmi ssi on ci rcu i ts.an alter
-
nati n c u rrent generator wi th i ndependent i n
dc or ar mature coi ls connected wi th th e
transmissi on ci rcu i ts ,wh ereby ai ternati ng cur
‘
rents may be d i rec ted th rough th e pri mary
coi ls of th etran sfor mers i n th e order and man
ner h erei n descri bed .
I
N K OLA Tm LA.
W i tneu cs
Rom . H . DUN C AN ,
Ronr. F . (h u nc h .
'
(l l odei .) 3 —
l h eets l h eet i
N T ES L A
o .

. .

BLBOTBO I AGUBTIO “01303 .

No . P atented Kay 1. 1888 .

(l o l odei .) 8 In —Sh
sets oot 2.
ll. TEI LA .

st sorno m ess rm moron.

-

P atented
 UN ITED STATES PATEN T O FFI C E.

m x om K
TESLA, or new YOR , N Y , assumes or en s u e TO C H ARLES
K
. .

E PEC , or as ennwoon. N EW m nsav

. .

ELEC TRO MAG N ETIO M O TO R.

PE C IFI CATION f
S ormi c ; part of Letters Patent 3 0. dated K ay 1 .1 880.
Applicati on di ed N ovember a
s. i881 . Serial Us . i lls model.)

T
o all wh om i t m ay concern. sulsted sections.so n etc h esuscepti ble to ra id p
B e it known th at I, N mo u Team , a sub v ar i ati ons o f ma netism. T
h is core i s wound
ect of th e E mperor of Austri a, from S wi th four cells, 0 0 C , th e d i ametrically ep
’ ’
mi lj an, -

h a, bord er cou ntry of Austri a H u nga , no w s i te e l l b ei n co nn ec te d i n t h e sa m e ci r

r
p o c s g
y
-

resi d i n at N ew
g Y ork, i n th e cou nty an S tate c u lt, and th e two free ends of each pai r bei ng
'
of N ew y or k, h ave i nvented certai n new and brough t to th e termi nals tand t, respecti vely,
usefu l Improvements i nElec tra Mag neti c Mo -
as sh own. W i th i n th is annular n ei d magnet
-

tors, of wh i ch th e followi ng i s a s ec ificati on

p , A is mounted a soft i ron cy li nder or disk, D ,
‘

reference bei ng b ad to th e d rawi ngs ac co m on an axis, a, i n beari ngs b b, prop erly sup 6c
o p a n y i ng a n d fo r m i n a pa rt o f th e same. p o r te d b y th e f r a m e w o rk o f th e m ac h i n e .

I n a fo rmer app ication, fi led Oc tober 1 2, k

Th e di s carries two coi ls, E E , o f i nsulated '

1887, N o. Ih ave sh own and d esc ri bed wi re, wound at ri gh t ang les to o ne anoth er,and
a mode or plan of operati ng elec tric moto rs by h av i ng th ei r respec ti ve ends j o i ned , so th at
causi ng a rog ressi ve sh i fti ng o f th e poles of each coi l forms a separate closed c i rc ui t.
p
one or but of th e parts or elements of a mo I n i llustration of th e action or m od e of op
t o r — th at i s to say , o f ei th er th e field mag net erati onof th is apparatualet i t h o assum ed th at
or ma nets or ar matu re, or both . aecomI th e annular field m ag net A i s per manently
g
-

p li sh i s b y c o n st r u c ti n a m otor a i th two or mag neti zed , so as to present two f reepoles d i a

more i ndependent ener zi ng c i rcu its, on th e O
metri cally pposi te. If sui tab le m ech ani cal
g
-

so field mag nets, fer c r amp e, and connec t th ese

-
I p ro v is i o n be n o w m a d e fo r r o t a ti n g th e n e i d
u p w i th corres o nd i ng i nd uced or g enerati ng mag net around th e disk , th e apparatus exem
p
ci rc ui ts i n an a ter nati ng c urrent g enerator, so
-
p l i ns e t h e c on d i t i on s o f a n o rd i n a r y m ag n e t o
th at alternati ng c u rrents are caused to trav g e n e r at o r an d c ur re n ts w o u ld b e se t u p i n th e
k
,
erse th e motor c i rcui ts. By so doi ng th e coi ls or closed c ond uctors E E on th e d is
’
D.
33 p a lm of th e d e i d -
mag net of th e moto r are pro Evi dently th ese cu rrents would be th e most
g rg i ve ly sh i fte d , a n d b y th ei r attracti onu pon p o w e rf ul a t or n e a r th e p o i n ts o f t h e g re a t e s t
a rotary armature set u p a rotati on i n th e lat d ensi ty of th e li nes of fo rc e, and th ey would ,
ter i n th e d i recti on of th e movement of th e a s i n all si mi lar cases, tend , at least th eoreti
poles. I n th is case, h owever, th e rotati on i s cally, to establish mag neti c els e i n th e d is k
produced and mai ntai ned by th e di rec tattrac D at rig h t ang les to th ose i nt e annular field
ti on of th e mag neti c elements of th e motor. I mag net A. As a result of th e well nown -
k
h aved iscovered th at ad vantageous results may reacti on of th ese polar i ti es u po n each oth er,
be secured i nth is system by u ti li zing th esh i ft a more or less powerful tendency i n th e d i sk
i n of th e poles p ri mari ly to setu p cu rrents i n to ro tate i nth e same d i recti on as th at of th e
a ! g used cond uctor located wi th i nth e i nfluence field mag net would be establish ed . If, onth e
-

of th e field of th e motor, so th at th e rotati on oth er h and , th e ri ng or annular field magnet -

may result from th e reacti on of such currents A be h eld static ii

a and i ts mag neti c ole s
?
.

upon th e ileld . e i el h i ‘ ‘e b a i n t h n i t
p gro r s s v y s y p ss g ro g s
To illustrate more fully th e nature of th e i a coils C C p roperly alternated c u rrents, i t i s
’

I
-

venti on refer to th e accompany i n d rawi n ob vi ous th at si milar res ults w i ll follo w, fo r

so g
Fi gure 1 represents i n side elevhliu n e '
th e passag e of th e c urrents causi ng th e sh i ft
operati ve parts or elements of a motor em i ng or wh i rli ng of th e po les of th e field mag -

bodyi ng th e p ri nci ples of my i nventi on, and
i nsecti onth e enerator for operati ng th esame.
g
F ig. 2 is ah or zontal central secti on of th e mo
tor i nFi g. l ,th o ci rcui ts bei ng sh o wnpartly i n
d m. F ig. 3 i s a mod i fied form of moto r
i n adc elevati on. F ig . 4 is a central h ori zon
tal cross secti on of F i g . 3.
-
so In Fi gs. 1 and 2 , Ais an annular core of so ft
net Aind uces c u r rents i n th e c losed c i rc u i ts
'
of th e armature cells E E , wi th th e result o f
setti ng up a rotation of th e d isk D i n th e sam e
d i rec ti on of such sh i fti ng . I nas m uch as th e
c urrents are always i nd uced o r generated i n
'
th e c oi ls E E i n th e same manner, th e pole s
of th e d is k or cy li nder follow c onti nuously
th e lee c f th e annular deid mag net, mai n-

i ro n, preferab ly lami nated or formed of i n tai n c g , at least th eo retically , th e same rela

 ti ve posi ti ons. T h is results i n an even and togeth er i n series and th ei r free ends brough t
perfect acti on of th e apparat to termi nals i t , res pec ti vely. B etween th e
’

In ord er th at th e system as a wh ole may be p o le s th e r e i s m o u nte d i n b ea ri ng s i u t h e cross

I
,
better und erstood , sh all now d esc ri be th e p i ec es a c y li nd r i ca l i ro n co re, D , wh i ch ,
70
5 mode or plan devised by me for prod uci ng th e
currents th at eflec t th e p rogressi ve sh i fti ng o f
th e poles of th e motor.
c u rrents, and th e loss con q
i n order to p revent th e for mati on of eddy i ng
se uent th ereon, i s
subd i v i d ed i n th e usu al way. I nsulated cen
In F ig . 1 , BB are th e poles or pole p ieces
'
d ucters or coi ls are applied to th e cyli nder D
o f an alternati ng current -
aerator. Th ey long i tud i nally , and fo r th ese I may employ 75
'
rc are per m nently mag neti a n d of opposi te e la te E E w h i c h a e s e e d t th e
p c
o
s r c u r o
p p r p ,

p o la r i ty . F is a c y li n d ri ca l or oth er armatu re si es and ends of th e cyli nd ri cal core i n well

Th ese k nown ways. Th eseplates or cond actors may
'
contai ni ng th e i nd ependent coi ls G G .
coi ls are wou nd at r igh t angles, so th at wh i le form one or p referably several i nd ependent
one is c romi n th e stro ngest portion of th e c i rc ui ts arou nd th e co re. I n th ed rawi ngs two 80
1 5 field of force e oth er i s at th e neutral p oi nt. of such ci rcu its aresh own, formed respecti vely
Th e coils G G term i nate i n th e two pai rs of
’
h y th e cond uctors E and E , wh i ch are i nsu
~ '

i nsulated collecti ng ri n f and f , uponwh i ch lated fro m each oth er. I t i s ad vantageeuz also
’
f

'
bear th e brush es g g . our wi res connec tth e to slot th ese plates longi tud i nally , to p revent
'
moto r termi nals t and t wi th th ebrush csg and
-
th e formati on of ed d y c urrents and waste of 85
so respecti vely . W h enth e generator i s re energy .
toted ,th ecoil G wi ll at th e cer tai npoi nt sh own F rom wh at h as now been g iv en th e opera
i n th e d rawi ngs be generati n i ts maxi m u m ratus w i ll be read i ly u nd er
’

ti on of th i s ap a ,

Let i t be as stood . T
'
c urrent,wh i le coi l G i s neutra
’
o th e ind i ng pests t t are cc nnected
'
-

sumed th at th is current is convey ed f ro m th e

“ ’
m
th e pr oper ci rc u l from th e g enerator te enuse go
3 ; ri ngs 1 to th e termi nals t l and th rough th e a p rog ressi ve sh i fti ng of the resultant m ag
coi ls 4
L 0. Its effect will be to establish poles netic p oles produ ced by th e mag nets M u on
i n the r i mi d way between th e two cells. th e armature. Th us c u rrents are i n du in
p
s
By th e’ i n 1or rotati on of th e eneratcr th e th e closed ci rcu its on th e co wh i ch , energi ze
coi l G i s brough t wi th i n th e i n uence of th e i ng th e core strongly, mai nta n a powerful at 95
30 fi e ld a n d begi ns to prod uce a current” wh i ch -
tracti on betweenth e sameand th e field ,wh lch
g ro w s s tr on g e r a s t h e sa i d c ell approach es causes arotati on of th e armatu re i nth ed i rec
th e maxi mum poi nts of th e field, wh i le th e ti on i n wh i ch th e resultant poles are sh i fte d.
current prod uced i n th e coi l G di mi ni sh es as Th e parti cular advantage of th e construc
th e said coi l recedes f rom th ose poi nts. Th e
'

ti on i llustrated i n F i 3 and 4 i s th at a con zoo

'
35 current from th'e coi l G , bei ng conveyed to centrated and power ul field is obtai ned and
th e ter minals i t and th rough coi ls
’
h as a remarkably power ful tendency to rotati on
a tendency to establish poles at r i h t angles i n th e armature secured . Th e same results
to th ose set up by th e cells 0 0 ; at owi n may be obtai ned i n th e form i llustrated i n
to th e greate r efi ect of th e current i n coils F igs. 1 and 2 , h owever, by for mi ng polar p re res
’

4c 0 th e result i s merely to ad vance the poles j ecti ens on th e field and armature cores.
fro m th eposi ti on i n wh i ch th ey would remai n W h en th ese meters are not loaded, b ut run
i f due to th e ma g neti zi ng i nfiuencec f cells 0 ni ng free, th erotati onof th e armature i s nearly
0 alone. T h i s progressi on conti nues for a sy nc h ronous wi th th e rotati on of th e poles of
q uarter revoluti on’ u’nti l coi l G G becomes
-
th e field , and u nder th ese ci rcumstances ver
4 5 n e u tr a l a nd co i l G G prod uces i ts maxi mum li ttle cu rrent is percepti ble i n th e cells E
cu rrent. Th e acti on descri bed is th en re b ut i f a load i s ad ded th e speed tends to d i
peated th e les h avi ng beensh i ited th rou mi ni sh and th e cu rrents i n cells E E are ang ’

one h a f of
-
l e field,or s h alt revoluti on. -

T e meated, so th at th e rotary cfiert is i nc reased

second h alf revoluti o n is ac comp lish ed i n a
-

p pr e o rti e na t ely .

so si mi lar way, th e sam e polari ty bei ng mai n O b vi ously th e pri nc iple of th is i nventi onis

tai ned i n th e sh i fti ng p oles by th e movement
of th e generator coi ls alternately th rou h
fields of opposi te polari ty.
Th e same pri nci ple of perati on may be sp
P
capable of m any mod i fied ap li cati ens,most of
g wh i c h follow as a matter 0 course from th e
constructi ons desc ri bed. F or i nstance, th e
O ar matu re colla,er th ese i n wh i ch th e currents m
-

5 5 pli ed to meters of vari ous fo rms, and I h ave
sh own one of such mod i fied forms i n F i gs. 3
and 4 o f th e d rawi ngs. I n these figu res, M M -
are field m nets secured to or form i ng art
-
of a frame, mou nted on a base, P. T see
60 ma g n e t s s h ou l d b e l a m i n ated or composed of
a nu mber of electrically i nsu lated ma eti c -
secti ons, to revent th e c i rc ulati on of i n need
currents an to render th em capable of ra id
mag neti c ch anges. Th ese mag neti c cores or
65 poles are wound wi th i nsulated coils 0
d iametr i cally opposi te coi ls bei ng connected
-
are set u p byi nd ucti on,may b e h eld stati onary
and th e alter nati ng c urrents f rom th e genera
'
tor cond ucted th rough th e rotati ng i nd uci ng
or field coi ls b y mean s of su i table elid i u cen
tac ts. It i s also apparent th at th e i n need res
coils may b e movab le and th e magnetic parts
of th e meter stati onary ; b ut I h av e i llustrated
th ese modi ficati ons T ully n th e appli cati on to
i
wh i ch reference h as h erei n b een made.
p
I n th e case of meters wound wi th i ndepend 1 30
th e ent field and armature ci rcu i ts and operated
by sh i fti ng th ei r poles, as desc ribed i n my sai d
 p ri orapplicati on, I may by sh ort ci rc ui ti ng
~
ei th er th egenerators or th e motors, th esystem
th e arui ature coi ls apply th e present i nventi on
-
i s capable of a verv perfect acti on and i nvolves
i n order to obtai n g reater power on starti ng. b ut li ttle less.
An ad vantage and ch aracteristi c feature of I d o not clai m h erei n th e mode or plan of
m eters constructed and operated i naccordance prod i n nt i n l ed nd t i n a 4
‘

5 uc g c u rre s c os c o uc ors t

w i th th i s i nventi on i s th ei r capabili ty of al mag neti c field wh i ch i s h erei nd i sc losed ,except

m ost i nstantaneous revers al by a reversal or i n i ts appli cati on to th i s parti c ular p u rpose;
one of th e energ i zi ng currents f rom th e gen
-
b ut
erator. T
‘

h is will be u nderstood f rom a con W h at I clai m i s

k
si d eratio nof th ewor i ng condi tions. Assum 1 . Th e combi nati on, wi th a m otor contai n 4 ,

i ng th e armature to b e rotati ng i n acertai ndi i ng i nd mndent i nd uci ng or ener i zing ci r

rec ti on follo wi ng th e movem ent of th e sh i fti ng
-
c ui ts an clg osed i nd uced c i rc ui ts, 0 an alter
poles, th en r everse th e d i recti on of th e sh i ft nati ng c urrent g enerator h avi ng i nd uced or
-

i ng , wh i c h may be done by reversi ng th econ g e n er ati ng c i rc u i ts c orrespo n di ng to and co n

‘5 necti ons of one of th e two energ i zi ng ci rc ui ts.
-
nected wi th th e energ i zi ng ci rc ui ts of th e mo
-
5<

I f i t be bor ne i n m i nd that i n a d y namo elec -

tor, as set forth .
tri c mach i ne th e energy d eveloped i s very 2 . An electro mag netic motor h av ing i ts
nearly proporti onate to th e c ube of th e speed, field mag nets wou nd wi th i ndependent coi ls
-

i t is evi dent th at at such m oment an extra and i ts armaturewi th i ndepend entclosed coi ls,
-

or d i nary power is b roug h t tc p lay i a reversi ng i n comb i nati on wi th a source of alter nati ng 5
th e meter. I n add i ti on to th is th e resistance c urrents co nnected to th e field coi ls and caps
-

of th e m otor i s very g reatly red uced at th e b le of prog ressi vely sh i fti ng th e p oles of th e

i ng c i rc ui ts.
m
m oment of reversal, so th at a uch greater
amou nt of c urrent passes th roug‘th e energ ia
'
field m ag net, as set forth .
8.. A motor constructed wi th an annular
iield m et wou nd wi th i ndepend ent coils 6
2 5
- -

Th ep en meno al uded te vi z., th evaria

h o n l - b
k
and a cy i nd ri cal or d is armature wou nd wi th
ti on of th e res istance of th e motor apparently closed coils, i n co mbi nati on wi th a sou rce of
—
-

li ke th at i n ordi nary motors I attri bu te to th e alternati ng nu rreuts connected wi th th e d eid

v ari ati on i n th e amou nt of self i nd ucti ou i n
Bg
mag net coils and acti ng to rt ressiv ely sh i ft
‘

th e pri mary or energ i zi ng ci rcu i ts. tate th e poles of th e el as h erei n set

o
(i r
z
3 0 o

Th es e motors p resentnu mer ous ad van

ch i ef among wh i ch are th ei r si mpli ci ty ,
b i li ty , economy i n constru cti on and mai nte
ia
f0 r h

W i tnemes
K NI OLA TESLA.

s auce, and th ei r easy and dangerless anagem a x B MURPH Y

.
,

35 m eat. As no com mutators are req ui red on F R AN K E. HARTLEY.

(l o l odel ) 4 sh eets—l h eet t.
N T ESL A
.

. .

ELBOTBIOALTBAI B
KISSION OF POW ER.
No . P atented n ay l . 1888.

Af ro/Mf rs
.
(l o l odel.i 4 Sh eets Sheet
- 8.
N TBSLA
. .

sanct um“. TBABB

I ISSIOI or rowan.
No . P atented May 1 1888. ,

MVE’ T
OR .

3 $W

" roam $3
 4 S —Sh eet
h eets 8.
N T ESL A
(l o l odei .)
. .

Bt sormos t TBARB
HISBION or rowan .

No. P atented May

itIT mu m
'

l E885 8 .

m i s al

AU G/Mf rs .
 UN ITED STAT ES PAT EN T O FFIC E.

I
N KOLA TE LA , OF N EW YORK , N . Y .

ELEC TRIC ALTRAN SMl SBIO N O F PO W ER.

m u m ! m M d rm Pab st l o. d ated K ay 1 . 1 8 88 .

W M W HH M IQ M . “ Ra fi . “ mvhld n d ih h u m w su m m ers W HO.

“ 18 . I t ‘d .)

To all wh om i t an y concer n: mode of

i ts constructi on and
B e it k
nown th at I, N i xon a u , fro m T be desc ri bed mo re i n detai l by
B m i lian, Li ta, border country of And ri a H un -
referenee to th e accompany i ng d iag rams and
,a .nd ra i di n g i nth e ci ty , cau nty, and S tate d rawi ngs. 35
5 of k
ew Y or , h ave i nv ented certai n new an d F ig n ra 1 to 8 a n d l ‘
to i n c l us i ve.are dis

ua eful I mp ro vements i n th e T ransmin i ou of g r a m s i llu st r at i ng th e p r i n c i p le o f th e ti o n

Power, of w h ich th e follo wi ng is aspc ci ficat ioa, of my i nventi o n. The remai ni ng fig n are
reference bei ng b ad to th e drawi ng s aeco m vi ews o f th e apparatus i n vari ous forms by

p a n y i ng a nd fo rm i ng a p a rt of th e name . means o f wh i ch th e i nventi o n may be carried 60

Th is appli cation is a d i v isi onof an applica i nto effect, and wh i ch wi llbe d escri bed i nth ei r
ti on filed by me October 12 , 1 887, N o. ord er.
The practical solution of th e problem of th e Referri ng fi rst to Fig 9 wh i ch is a d ia .
,

c lectr i cal convers i on and trans min i on of me g rammatic reprm entati on o f a moto r, a gen
c h anical energ y i nvolvu certai nreq u irements orator, and connecti ng ci rc ui ts i n acc ordance
-

r5 wh ich th e ap paratus and systems h eretofo re with my inventi on, DI is th e m oto r and G ,

em ployed h ave not been capable of f ulfilli ng . th e generator for d ri vi ng i t Th e motor com
.

Buc h a solution pri mari ly demands a uni prises a ri ng or annulus, B, p rc ferably bu i lt .

f or mi ty o f speed i n th e m otor i r m peetive of up of th i n i nsulated i ron ri ngs or annular

i ts land wi th in i ts normal worki ng li m its. On plate .so as to be as suscepti ble as possi b le to
th e oth er h and , i t i s ac es- ary , to attai n a variati ons i a i h msg neti c conditio n Th is r i ng .

g r a t e r e co no m y o f co n versi on than h as here i s su r r o u n d e d b y f ou r c o ils o f i n su la m d w ire

tofore existed , to construct c h eaper and more sym metri aslly placed and desig nated by C C C
’

t C. T
'
reliable and si mple apparatus, and such th a h e diametrically opposi te co ils are con
-

all.d anger f ro m th e use of currents of h ig h nected u p so as to co operate i npai m i n prod uc -

as tensi on, wh ich are necessary to an econo mi cal i ng free pols on di ametri cally opposi te parts -

transm imi oa, may be avoi ded . o r th e ri ng Th e fou r free ends th us left are
.

My present i nventi o n is a new meth od or connected to term i nals TTT T, as i nd i cated

'
’
.

mod e o f effecti ng th e transmi - i on of power N ear th e ri ng , and preferably i ns ide of i t,

b y electri cal agency , wh ereby many o f th e th ere i s mounted on an ax i s or sh aft a mag 80
g o p re s e n t o bj e c t i o n s a re ov e rco m e a n d g r e a t n o ti c d i s k , C , g e ne ra l l y c i rcu la r i n sh a p e, b u t
econom y and effic iency secu red . h avi ng two seg ments , c u t away as sh own.
In carry i ng out my i nventio n I
employ a T his disk i s mou nted so as to turu f reely wi th i a
motor i n wh ich th ere are two or more i nd e th e ri ng R . Th e generato r ( l is o f any ord i ~

p en d e n t e n e r g iz i n g
-
ci rc u its, th ro ug h wh i ch I
nary type, th at sh own i n th e p resent i nstance
35 p a n ; i n t h e m a n n e r h e re i na fi e r d e sc r i be d , a l h a v i n g d eid m ag
-
n e ts N B a n d a c y h n d r rc al a r
ter nati ng cu rrc nis , effecti ng th ereby a p mature core, A, wou nd wi th th e two coils B
-

si v e sh i fti ng o f th e mag netism or of th e

“
i nes B Th e f ree end s o f eac h con are carri ed
’
.

of fo rce, wh i c h , i aac cordancewi th well k nowa th rough th e sh aft a and connected , respec t
'
” -

theo ri es , prod uces th e acti on of th e motor i vely , to i nsulated contac t ri ng s b b b b Any 90

’ '
-
. .

4 0 It i s o b vi o us t h a t a ro
p p p g e r ro res si v e s h i ft co nv e n i e nt for m o f c o l le c t o r o r b r us h beers on
i ng of th e li nes o f force may be u ti li sed to set eac h ring and for ms a ter mi nal by wh i ch th r
u p a movement or rotati o n o f ei th er element i cu rrent to and from a ri ng i s conv ey ed Th esi .

o f th e m oto r, th e ar matu re or th e field m ag net, I termi nals are connected to th e ter mi nals of th c
and that i f th e c urrents d i rec ted th roug h th e l m oto r by th e wi res Land L m th e manuer m
’

4 5 s e v e r a l c i rc u i t
s o f th e m o r o r ar e i n p ro p er d i 1 d i ca t sd , w h e r eb y t w o co m p l e te c i rc u i ts an

recti on no c om mu tator fo r
th e moto r wi ll be formed, one i nclud i ng . say . th e c oi ls o n th e
req u i red ; bu t to av oi d all th e a nal commu r and C O o f th e moto r and th e oth er
hati ng appli ances i ll th e system Iconnect th e remai ni n u ni t 13 and C t of th e en
"
g g
m otor c i rcui ts di rectly wi th th ose of asui table t utor and th e motor
-
.

50 a l te rn a t i n g
-
cu r r e n t ge n e ra to r . T h e practi fl l It remai n “
to r
ti n th e mode of 0 p
results of such a system, i ts economi calM a ov ati ons sh i for th isb nrpose i
.
 refer to th e d iag rams, Figs. 1 to 8 and 1 to
'
B develops a less powerful current but i nth e
’
,

for an i llustrati on of th e vari ous ph ases same di recti on as before. Th e coil B , o n th e

th rough wh ich th e coi ls of th e generator pass oth er h and , h av ing entered a field of opposi te 70
wh en i n opera ti on, and th e corres c od i ng and p o l a ri ty, g en e ra t
e s a c u r re nt o f opp o si ts d i
r e s ult a n t m a g n e ti c ch a n g e s p ne ed i n t h e recti on. o T he resultant poles wi ll th erefore be
5
m otor. Th e revolutionof th earmatureof th e i n th e li ne N S, F ig. or, i n oth er wo rds,

g e n era t or b etw e e n t h e fi e l d m a-

g ne ts N 8 o h th e poles o f th e ri ng wi ll besh i fted along d ve

v i o usi y prod uces i n th e coi ls
’
B
B slternati n ci b th s of i ts peri ph ery .
currents th e i nten si ty and di recti on of wh i 7 and 7 i n th e same manner i llustrate
'

to depend u pb u well known laws.

q of th e generator and ri ng at th ree
-
I n th e posi th e p

B
ti on of th e coi ls i nd icated i nFi g. 1 th e current uarters of a revoluti on, and Fi gs. 8 and 8
‘

i n th e coil i s practi cally ai l, wh ereas th e th e same at sev en ei gh ths of a revoluti on of

coi l B at th e same ti me is deve lopi ng i ts aerator armatu re. T h ese figu res wi ll be S
’
th e -
o
maxi mu m c urrent, and by th e means i nd icated rea ily understood from th e fo reg oi ng.
15 i n th e d esc ri ption of F ig . 9 th e ci rc ui ti nclud W h enaco mpleterevoluti onisaccomplish ed .
i ng th is coi l may also i nclude, any th e coi ls 0 th e condi tions existi ng at th e start are re es -

0 o f th e m otor, F ig. Th e result, wi th th e tablish ed, and th e n ame action i s repeated for
'

p r o p er co n n ec ti o n s , w o u l d b e th e m ag n eti za th e next and all subseq uent revoluti ons, and i n 85

ti on of th e r i ng R, th e poles bei ng on th e li ne g e n er a l i t w i ll n ow be seen th a t every revola
Th e same order of connections bei ng
so N 8 .
observed between th e coi l
th e latter wh en trav ersed by acu rrent tend to
B
and th e coil
tion of th e armature of th e generator prod uces
a cor respondi ng sh i fti ng of th e poles or line
of force around th e ri ng . I
Th is efiect u ti li se
fix th e poles at righ t angles to th e li ne N 8 of i n pro duci ng th e rotati o n of a body or arma go
F ig. I t results, th erefore, th at wh en th e ture i n a variety of ways for example, apply
-

3 5 generator coi ls h ave mad e one eigh th of a re

- -
i ng th e pri nc iple above desc ri bed to th eappa
v oluti o u, reach i ng th e posi tion sh own i n F ig . ratus sh own i n F ig . 9. Th e disk D, owi ng to
2, both pai rs of coils, C and will be trav i ts tendency to assu me th at cai ti c a i n wh i ch
ersed b y c urrent and act i n opposi ti on i n so i t embraces th egreatest p is nu mber r f th e 95
far a th e locati on of th e poles i s concerned. mag netic li nes . is set i n rotati on, followi ng th e
3 0 T h e p o s i ti on o f th e p o le s w i ll th er ef or e b e t h e moti on o f th e li nes or th e po i nts of g reatu t
resultantof th emag neti zi ng forces of th ecoi ls
th at i s to say , i t wi ll ad vancehloa th e ri ng to
a posi ti on correspondi ng to one e gh th of th e -
g
attrac ti on.
D
Th e d isk m F ig . 9 i s sh own as cut away
o n opposi te si des b ut th is
'
I h ave fo und is not 1 00
revolu ti on of th e armature of th e generator. essenti al to efiectin i ts rotati on, as a c i rcular
’

35 I n F i g . 3 th e a r m a t u re o f th e g e n era t or h as di sk, as i nd icated y dotted li nes, i s also set

prog ra sed to one fourth of a revolution.
-
t A I
i n rotati on. Th is ph eno menon attr ib ute to
th e poi nt i nd i cated th e cu rrent i n th e c oi l B a certai n i nertia or res istance i nh erent i n t e
h
i s maxi mu m, whi le i n B ’
i t is ail, th e latter metal to th e rapi d sh i fting of th e li nes of force res
coi l bei ng i n i ts neutral posi ti on. T

so of th e ri ng R i n F ig . 8 wi ll i nconse uencebe
‘

sh i fted to a posi ti on ni nety deg re

q
h e poles

es from th at
th ro ugh th e same, wh i ch res ults i n a conti nu
ous tangenti al pull upon th e di sk, causi ng i ts
rotation. Th is seems to b e confirmed by th e
at th e start, as sh own.
“

I k
h ave i nli e manner fact th at a c i rc ular d isk o f steel i s more effec t
sh own th e cond i ti ons exi sti ng at each succes i vely rotated th an one of soft i ron; for th e rea r to
si ve ei gh th of one rev oluti on i n th e remai ai a son th at th e for mer i s assu med to possess a
4 5 figures . A sh ort reference to th esefi ares wil g r e a t e r resistance to th e sh ill i ng of th e ma
g
suflce to an u nderstand i ng of th r si gni fi f
neti c li nes.
sauc e. I n i llustrati on of oth er forms of apparatus
'
Fi gs. 4 and 4 i llustrate th e cond i tio ns wh i c h by means of whi ch Icarry out my i nventi on. i t ;
exist wh en th e aerator armature h as com
-
I sh all now d esc ri be th e remai ni ng fig ures of
m h
'

5 p
0 la te d th i g t s of a reve lati on. H ere th e d rawi ngs
both coi ls are generati ng c urrents; but th e coi l F ig. 1 0 is a vi ew i n elevati on and part ver
B, h avi ng now entered th e opposi te field, i s
'
tical section of a moto r. F i g. 1 2 is a top vi ew
aerati ng a current i nth e opposi te d i recti on of th e same wi th th e field i n sec ti on and a n o
ving th e opposi te magneti zi ng en ect h ence °
diag ram of connecti ons. F ig. 11 i s an end or
l n l w th e li ne f S i si de vi ew of a generator wi th th e fields i nsec
thwn
5 5 e re s u ta t p o e i ll b e o n , as
o . ti on. Th i s for m of motor may be used i nplace
In Fi g. 5 one h alf of one revoluti on of th e
-
o f th at sh own.
armature of th egenerator h as been completed , D is a cyli nd rical or drum armatu re core, u s -

and th e resulti n mag neti c condi ti on of th e wh i ch , for ob vi ous reasons, sh ould be spli t h p
. '
g
60 ri ng is sh own i n ig . B. I nth is ph ase coil B as far as practicable to prevent th e ci rc ulation
is i n th e neutral posi ti on, wh ilecoil B is gen
’
wi th i n i t of cu rrents of i nd uction. Th e core
erati n i ts max i mu m current, wh i ch i s i n th e is wound lo ng i tud i nally wi th two cells, E and
same on as i n Fi g . 4 . T
q
’
h e poles wi ll E , th e ends of wh i ch are respecti vely con
se uently be sh i n
' '
con ed th rough one h alf of nected to i nsulated contact ri nged d d d , car
-

65 the ri a ri ed by th e sh aft n,jnpou wh i ch th e armature

fi
I a F . 6 th e armatu re h as completed five
ei gh ths of a revoluti on. In th i s posi ti on coil
is mounted.
Th e armature i s set to revolve wi th i n an
 i ro n sh ell, B, whi ch consti tutes th e field mag '
metor prod uce s stesdily i ve i h i iti ng
rog ru
p
- -

net or oth er element of th e motor. Th h sh ell of th e resultant attracti ve oroe exerted by th e

'
i s preferab ly formed wi th aslot or openi ng, 7 , p ol es G u p on th e ar m a tu re D a n d co n se 7c
k
,
b u t i t may be conti nuous, as sh own by th e ently eep th e armatu re rapi dly rotati n
5 d o tt e d l i n e s , a n d i n t hi s e v ent i t i s p referably g e pec uliar ad vantage of th is d isposi ti on Q g
m ade of steel. It is also desi rable th at th is i n obtai ni ng a m ore concentrated and power
sh ell sh ould be d i v i ded up si mi larly to th e ful field . Th e appli cati on of th i s pri nciple to
armature, and for si mi lar reasons: As a gen systems i nv olvi ng mu lti ple ci rcu i ts generally 75
erator for d ri vi n thi s motor, I may use th e wi ll be understood f rom th is apparatus.
g. I t. Th is represents an
_

to devi c e sh own i n Referri ng now to F i gs. 15 agd 16, Fi g . 15 i s

‘

annular o r ri ng armatu re, A, su rrounded by a d iagram matic representati on of a modi fied

' '
f ou r co i ls , F F F F , o f w h i c h th o s e d ia m e t disposi ti on of an i nventi on. F ig. 1 6 is ah ori
r i es i l op to are connected i n seri es, so sou tal cross onof th e m otor. I nth is case 80
i
th at o ur ree ends are ieit, wh ich are con' a d isk, D , of magneti c metal, preferably cut
i s us ete d t o th e i nsulated contact ri ngs b b V b . - '
away at opposi te edges, as sh own i n dotted
Th e ri ng is sui tab ly mounted on a sh aft, a , li nu i n th e fig ure, is mou nted so a to turn
"
’

between th e poles N 8. Th e contact ri ngs of

'
-
freely i m i de two stati onary ceila, N N , placed
each pai r of generator coi ls are connected to at ri g h t angles to one anoth er. Th e coi ls are 85
th ose of th e motor, respecti vel by means of p re fera b ly w o u nd o n a fra m e, 0 , of i nsu la ti ng
so contact b rush es and th e two pa rs of cond uct mater ial, and th ei r ends are connected to th e
‘

ors. LLand L I I, as i nd icated d iag rammat fixed termi p als TTT T. Th e generator G is
‘ ’ ’

leally i n F ig. 13 a representati ve oi th at cla ss of alternati ng

N ow, i t is ob vi ous f ro m a consi derati on of cu rrent mach i nes i n wh i ch a stati onary i a 90
th e preced i ng figu res th at th e rotati on of th e d uced element i s employed. Th at sh owncon

g "
enerator ri ng
E , wh i ch ,
-
red uces currents i n th e coi ls
ug tran smi tted to th e motor
sists of a revolvi ng rmaneut or electro mag
net, A. and fou r i n ependeut stati onary mag
-

coils, i mpart to th e core of the latter magneti c nets, P I , wound wi th coi ls, those d i amet
”

p o l e s c o n s t a n t l y s hi f t i n g o r w h i rl i n a ro u n d ri cally opposite to each oth er bei ng connec ted 9 5

th e core. T h is efiect sets u p a rotat onof th e i nseries and h av i a th ei r ends secured to th e
' '
3 0 a r m a t u r e o w i n g to t b e a t t r a c ti v e fo rc e b e tw ee n termi nals t t t t. ro m th ese termi n als th e
th e sh ell and th e poles of th e armature; but c urrents are led to th e ter mi nals of th e motor,
i nas mu ch as th e coi ls i n th is case move rela as sh own i n th e d rawi u Th e mode of op
ti v ely to th e sh ell or field mag net th e move -
crati on is substantially s eems as i n th e pre too
ment o f th e coi ls is i n the opposi te d irecti on v i ous ca ses, th e currents traversi ng th e coi ls
35 t o t h e p g ro r e s s i v e s h i ft i n g o f th e p ol e s . of th e motor h av ing th e effect to turn th e d isk
Oth er ar rangements of th e coils of both gen D. Th is mode of carryi ng out th e i nventi on
orator and motor are possib le, and a g reater h as th e sd van of d i spe nsi ng wi th th e slid
nu mber of c i rcu i ts m ay be used, a wi ll be i n contacts i n esystem.
seen i n th e two succeed i ng fig u res. g n th e for ms of motor above desc ri bed only
4 0 F i g . 1 3 is a d i a g ra m m a t i c i llu s t r a t i o n o f a on eof th e elements th e armatu re or th e field
-

motor and a generator connected and con mag net—is prov i ded wi th ener izi ng coils. It
g
-

stru cted i n accord ance wi th my i nventi on. remai ns, th en to sh ow h ow h ot elements may
,

F ig . 14 i s an end v i ew of the generator wi th be wou nd wi th coi ls. Reference is th erefore n o

i ts field mag nets i n secti on.
-
h ad to F igs. 17, 18, and 1 9. F ig. 1 7 is an end
45 T h e fi e l d o f t h e m o
'
t o r M ii prod uced by si x v i ew of such a motor. F ig . 18 is a si mi lar
mag neti c poles, G G , secu red to or proj ecti ng vi ew of th e generator, wi th th e field magnets
’
-

from a ri ng or frame, H . T h ese magnets or i n sec ti on; and F ig . 1 9 is a d iag ram of th e c ir

p o le s a r e w ou n d w i th i n s u l a t e d co i ls, th o s e cui t connecti ons.
-
I n F ig . 1 7 th e d ei d m ag net r i s -

diametr i caliy opposi teto each oth er bei ng cou of th e motor eons ists of a ri ng, R, preferably

s o n ec t e d i n p a i rs so as to p r o d u c e o p p os i te p o le s of th i n i nsulated i ron sh eets or bands, wi th

""
,

i n each pai r. Th i s leaves si x free ends, wh i ch ei gh t pole piec es, G , and co rrespond i ng re
- ~

ected to th e termi nals TTTTT T .

' ’
are conn cea ses i n wh i c h fo ur pai rs of coi ls, V , are
‘

Th e armature wh i ch is mounted to rotate be wou nd . Th e d i ametrically Opposi te pai rs of n o

tween th e poles i s a cy li nd er or disk, D, of coi ls are connec ted i n seri es and th e freeends

55 w ro u g h t i ro -
n , m o u n t e d o n t h e s h a ft a . T w o connected to four ter mi nals, to, th e rule to be
segments of th e same are cut away , as sh o wn. followed i n connecti n bei ng th esame us h ere
The generator for th i s motor h as i n th i s i a i nbeforeexplai ned . narmatu re, D ,wi th two
stance eu ar mature, A
" w w coi ls, E E , at rig h t angles to each oth er, i s u s
’
‘

, o u n d i t h th r f e

coils, K K K , at si xty deg rees apart. T he mounted to rotate i nside of th e deid mag net
’
-

60 ends of th ese co i ls are connected respec ti vely ,

, "" B. Th e ends of th e ar matu re co ils are c’on -

to i nsulated c ontact r i ngs 0 e e a e e . Th ese ’ nected to two pai rs of c ontac t ri ngs, d d d d .

’
-

r i n s ar e c o nnected to th ose of th e m otor i n

g
Th e aerator for th is motor may be of any
p pre e r o r d e r b y m e a n s o f co l le c ti n g
-
b r us h e s sui te i s k i nd to prod u ce c u rrents of th e d e 1 30
and si x wi res, formi ng th ree i ndepend ent ci r si red ch arac ter .I n th e present i nstance i t
c ui ts. Th e variations i n th e strength and d i consists o f a dei d mag net, N S
-

, a
nd an ar ms
recti on of th e c urrents tran s mi tted th rou h tu re, A, wi th two cells at righ t angles, th e
these ci rc ui ts and traversi ng th e coi ls of t e ends of wh ich are connected to fou r contac t
 ri ngs, b b h’ h’, carri ed 17i sh alt Th e ci r speed of th e motor for all loads wi th i n th e
eui t ec unecti ous are enablish ed between th e normal worki ng li mi ts of the m otor wi ll be
ri n g a o n th e g e n e r a t or a
-
h a f t a u d th o s e o n t h e practi cally constant. 70
raster sh alt by eolleeti ng rush es and wi res, as I t i s clearly apparent th at th e speed can
b
-

5 p r e v i o m e x p la i n e d . l l order to p roperly never exceed the arbi trary limi tas determined
energ i ze th e field magnet o f th e motor, h ow
-
by th e generator, and also th at wi thi u certai n '

ev er , th e co nnecti ons are so made wi th th e li mi ts, at least, th e speed of th e motor will be

armatu re c oi ls by wi res lead ing th ereto th at
-
i ndepend ent o f th e strength of th e cu rrent.
It wi ll now be more read ily seen from th e
q
w h i le th e po i nts of g reatest attracti onor great
ro est d ensi ty of mag neti c li n es of force upo nthe above desc ri pti onh ow far th e re u i rements of
ar matu re are sh i fted i n one d i recti on th ose a prac ti cal system of electri cal transmid on
u po n th e field ma g et are mad e to progress i n
n of po wer are reali sed i n my i nventi on. I se
-

an c p pos i te d i rect i on. I n other respects th e cure, fi rst, a u ni fo r m speed under all loads
O perati o n is i d enti cally th e same a s i n th e k
wi th i n th e normal wor i ng li mi h of th e mo
r
5 o th e r ca s e s c i te d . T h i s a r ra ng e m e n t re s u lts tor wi th out th e use of any auxi li ary regula
i n an i nc reased speed of rotati on. tor second , sy nch ronis m between th e motor
I n Fi gs . 1 7 and 19, for example,th e termi nals andth e generator ; th i rd, greater emeieney by
o f each set of dei d eoi ls are cou nected wi th th e
-
th e mo re di rect appli cati on of th e current, no
w i res to th e two armature f c c i ls i n s u c h a w a y comm utati ng devi ces bei ng req u i red on ei th er
that th e fi eld coils wi ll mai ntai n opposi te poles
-
th e motor or th e generator ; fourth , ch eap ue
i n ad vanc e r th e poles o f th e arm and si mpli ci ty of mech ani cal constructi on;
‘

I n th e d raa ngath e field coi ls are i nsh u nts

i -
filth th e capabi li ty of bei ng very easi ly man
to th e armatu re; but th ey may be i n seri es or aged or controlled , and , si x th , d i m i nuti on of
i n i ndependent ci rcu i ts. danger from i n j y
u r to p e r so ns and apparatus.
I t is obv io us th at the a rs e pri nc i ple may Th ese motors may be ru n i n seri es—multi
J i e appli ed to th e vari ous ty pical fo rms of me p l e ar e o r m u lt i p le s e —
r i es u nd er condi ti on
tor h erei nh efore desc ribed . well u nderstood by th ose sk i lled i n th e art.
Havi ng no w descr i bed th e nature of my i n I am aware th at i t is not new to prod uce th e
v enti ou an d some of th e vari ous ways i n wh i ch rotati on s of a moto r by i nterm i ttently sh i fti ng

3 0 i t is o r m ay b e ea r r ie d i n to e fl ec t, I w o u l d ca l l the polm of one of i ts elements. Th is h as been

attenti on to certai n ch arac teristi cs wh i ch th e d one by passi ng th ro ugh i ndepend ent ener
appli cati on o f th e i nventi on pos es , and th e g i zi n c o i l
s on o n e o f th e ele m e nts th e cu r
g
-

ad vantages wh i ch i t o d ers. rent rom a battery or oth er sou rc e o f d i rect

’

I n m y motor, consi deri n , for convenience, or conti nuous c u rrents, reversi ng suc h cur

35 t h a t r e p r es en te d i n F i g 9 .
, g t w i ll h e ob s e r v e d rent by sui table mec h ani cal appli ances, so th at
th at si nce th e d isk D h as a tendency to follow i t is d i rected th ro ugh th e coi ls i n alternately
c onti nu ously th e poi nts of greatest attraction,
‘
opposi te d i recti o n s. I n such cases, h owever,
and si nc e these poi nts are sh i fted around th e th e potential of th e energ i s i ng cu rrents re
ri ng onc e for each rev oluti o n of th e armatu re mai ns th e same, th ei r d i recti on o nly bei ng
4 c o f t h e g e n e r a t o r i t fo llo w s t h a t th e m o v e ch anged. Accord i ng to my i nventi on, how
k
,

m ent o f th e d is D wi ll be sy nc h ro nous wi th ever, I employ tru e alternati n currents ; an d

th at of th e armatu re A. Th i s feature by my i nvention consi sts i n th e v ery of th e

p r a c ti c a l d em o n s t rati on I h av e fou nd to ex mode or meth od of u tilizi ng such cu rrents.

ist i n all oth er forms i n wh i ch one revoluti on The d i fierence between th e two plum and
45 o f t h e a rm a t n r e o f th e g e n e r at o r p od uces a
r th e ad vantages o f m i ne are ob vi ous. B y p ro
sh i fti ng of th e poles of th e moto r th roug h d uci ug an alternati n cu rrent each i mpulse
th ree h und red and si xty degrees. of wh i ch i nvolves a and fall of potenti al
I nth e parti cular modi ficati o nsh ow n i n F i g . I reprod uce i n th e motor th e exact condi ti ons
1 5 , or i n oth ers constru cted o n asi m i lar plan, of th e generator, and by su ch cu rrents and th e

s o t h e n u m b er o f a l t e r n a t i n g i m p u l
s e s m e lti ng conseq uent p rod ucti on of ru ultant poles th e
fro m one rev oluti o n o f th e generator armature -

p rog ressi on of th e poles will be conti nuous

i s d o ub le as co m pared wi th th e p reced i ng and not i nterm i ttent. I n addi ti on to th is, th e
cases, and th e polari ti e s i n th e m otor are p r a cti ca l d i m c u l ty o f i n te rru p g
ti n or revers
sh i n ed aro und tw i ce b y o ne rev oluti on of th e i ng a c u rrent of any consi derable strength is
55 g e n e r a t o r-
a rm a tu re. T h e s p e e d o f t h e m o to r suc h th at none o f th e dev ices at present could
w ill th erefo re be t ce th at o f th e g enerato r.
w i be ma de to economi cally or p racti cally effect
Th e same result i s ev id ently obtai ned by su ch th e transm issio n o f power by reversi ng i n th e
a d isposi ti on us th at sh o wn i n F ig 1 7. wh ere . manner d esc ri bed a co nti nuous or di rect cur
th e palm o f both elem ents are sh i fted i n up rent. I nso far, th en, as th e plan of acti ng upon
o e i te d i re ct i on s one elem ent o f th e m otor i s concer ned , m y i n
p .

Agai mco nsi der i ng th e apparatus i llustrated v enti on i nv olv es th e use o f an alter nati ng as

by F ig . 9 as typi c al o f th e i nv enti o n, i t is o h d i sti ng u i sh ed fro m a rev ersed cu rrent, or acu

v i o us th at si nce th e attrac ti v e efl
'

ec t u po n th e rent w h i c h , w h ile co nti nuous and d i rect is

,
disk D is g reatest wh en th e d isk i s i n i ts p reper sh i fted fro m co i l to co i l by any for m of com
5 5 relati v e posi ti on to th e poles d eveloped i n th e m u tato r, reverser, or i nterru pter. W i th t e
ri ng B —th at ia to say, wh en i ts ends or poles
'

g ard to th at part o f th e i nventi on wh i ch co n

i mmed i ately follow th ose o f t h e ri n —
g th e sists i n acti ng u ponboth elements of th e motor
0 mm ) —sh eet s
s Ch ests
TBSLA
. .

H
Bt sorstou .rss ssnrsstos or rowss
lo. P atented Hey i 1888.
,

VITNES
SES: INV ENT
OR

B
YW ,

Gw y n W
A
TTORNEYS
 UN I TED STATES PATEN T O FFI C E.

N IK OLA TE LA, on NEW Y OR K , N . Y.

s t sc r nc LTRAN SM ISSIO N o r ro w an.

m en reassert formi ng part of m m

-
Patent rte. season.dated m y 1 .1 800

25 all w h om i t may conc ern: th e armature wi ll assumea fixed posi ti onrela

Be i t k nown that I, N i xon Ta ni , from ti vely to the field magnets, and th at i n cease
-

Smi tten, Li ka, border country of Austri a H un

-
q u e nc e th e fiel d m a
-
g net s w i ll b e e n ergi sed by

y w , and resi di ng i n th e ci ty” count and

Y
e of N ew ork , h ave i nvented certs it new
and usefulI mprovements i nth eElectri c T rans
magneti c i nducti on et h i b lti ng two disti nct
p o les , o ne on ea c h o th e f
p o le p
i ng th e motor, h owever, th e speed of th e ar
i ec e s. I n star t

mi mitm of Power , of wh i ch th e followi ng i s a

‘
mature h ei n comparati vely slow, th e pole
enificati on, thi s appli cati onbei ng a di visi on i e a an g
j e t ed t a i d r ev e rs a ls o f m ag
g p ec s r e c o r p
neti c polari ty ; bu t as th espeed i ncreascs th me
sn ap li u ti en filed by me N ovember 80,
1887, N o. 2 56 562.
—
reversals become i on and lms fre uent and 60 q
In a previ ous appii cati on filed by m e vi z. finally cease, wh en th e movement of th e arma
No. filed October 1 2, 1 887—1 h ave set ture becomes sy nch ronous wi th th at of th e .

n T
forth an i rovement i n meters and i n th e g e n era t or . h is t h e c a s e ,
th e fi e ld
-
co re s
mode or m c d of operati ng th esame, wh i ch , or th e p ole i eces of e motor become amag
generally stated, consists i n prog ressi vely and net, b ut by ud ucti ou only .
conti nuously shi fti ng th e i ce or li nes of I h ave fou nd th at ad vantageous res ults are
maxi mu m mag neti c cli ent 0 ei th er th e nei d
,

sec ured by wi ndi ng th e field mag nets wi th a -

magnets or armature, or both , of a motor, and

a
coi l or coi ls and pa ssi u a conti nuous c urrent
thereby prod uci ng a movement of rotati on i n
the motor. Th e m eans wh i ch I h ave sh own
i
th rough th em, th us m ntai ni ng a per manen
field, and i n th is feature my present i nventi on
t

for elfecti th is, wh i le y aryi ug i n detai l, are consi sts.

exemplifi i nth e followi ngs wh i ch , for I sh all now descri be th e apparatus wh i ch I
present p urposes, i t wi ll be sumo ent to con h ave devi sed for carryi ng out th is i nventi on
sides as a ty pi cal embod i ment of th e i nven and explai n th e mode of usi ng or operati ng

Th e motor is wound "

w m fo ming i n
i ii t
a
F ig ure 1 is an end vi ew i n elevati on of my
dQ endent energi zi ng oi ro i is on t e arma i mproved motor. F . 2 i s a part h ori zontal
i g
-

ture, wh i ch is a cy li nder or d isk mo unted to central secti on, and l g. 3 is a d i agrammati c

rotate b etween two oppos i te ma g n eti c p ole s e e e ntat i o n o f th e m oto r and ge n erator
. r p r s
30 T h es e coils are connected u wi th corres ond combi ned and connected fo r operati on 80
'

p
.

ing i nd uced or c urrent p uc i ng ci rc u is i n

-
Let AAi n F i 1 represent th e legs or po le
analternati ng current generator. As ares u lt pi eces of a fiel m ag net. arou nd wh i ch are
B
o

of th i s, wh en th e generator is set i n moti on, coi ls B, i li clnd eti i nti cl c i t f conti uu

currents of alternately opposi te di recti on are ous current gener‘tor,
- - o
w i h i e
s i g zé
apted to
35 directed th rough th e energi zi ng coi ls of th e i mpart mag netism to the said poles in th e or
-

motor i n such manner as to roduce a pro alnery manner.

gra i ve sh i fti ng or rotati on o th e mag neti cp D D are two i nde
’
dent coi ls wound upo n
polo of th e motor armature. T
-
h is movement a sui table cyli ndri or eq ui valent armature
of th e polo of th earmature ob vi ously tends to core, wh i ch , li k e all oth ers used i n a si milar
to rotate th e armature i n th e opposi te d irection manner, sh ould be spli t or d i vi ded u p i nto go .

to th at i n wh i ch th e movement of th e poles alter nate eti c a nd i nsulati ng parts i nth e

takes place, owi ng to th e attracti ve force be usual way . is armature is mou nted i nnon
tweensai d pole and th efield mag nets, and th e mag neti c cross bars E E, secu red to th e poles
- -

at. T h etermi nals of th e ar

q
speed of rotati on i ncreases f rom th e start u n of th e dei d
til i t e uals th at of th e generator, supposi ng matu re coi ls D -
are connected to i nsulated
both motor and generator to b e ali k e. sli d i ng con tact ri ngs is a b b, carri ed by th e
As th e neti c poles of th e armature are armature sh alt, and brnaba c c bear upon
-

shi fted i n a i recti on opposi te to that i nwh i ch th ese rings to convey to th e coils th e cu rrents

a
th e armature rotates, i t wi ll be p a e nt t h at w h i ch operate th e motor.
p
r
wh enth e nor mal speed isattai n th epolo of Th e generator for operati ng th is motor is or
 may be of preci sely identical constructi on, Motors const ructed O
and perated on th i s
and for conveni enceof reference I h av e mark ed p r i nci p le m a i n t ai n a lm o s ta b so lu tely th e same

i n Fi g . 3 i ts parts, as f ollows : F F , th e d ei d speed for all loads wi th i n th ei r nor mal wor k

mag nets energi zed by a conti nuous current i ng li mi ts, and i n p racti ce I h ave obser ved
'
as t i n i ts field coi ls G G ; H H , th e coi ls th at i f th e moto r be overload ed to such an ex
5 p
g
-

carri by th e cyli nd ri cal armatu re; d d e e, tent as to ch eck i ts speed th e speed of th e

th e fri cti on or collec ti ng ri ngs carri ed by th e g e n er ato r, i f i ts m o ti v e p o w e r h e not too g reat,

armature sh ait and for mi ng th e termi nals of is di mi nish ed sy nch ro nously wi th th at of th e

th e armatu re coi ls ; and f f th e collecti ng
- .
motor.
to b rush es wh i ch deli ver th e c u rrents d eveloped I h ave i n oth er appli cati ons sh own h ow th e
i n the armature coi ls to th e two c ircui ts 9 g ,
- ’
constructi on of th eseo r si milar mot o rs may be
wh i ch connect th e generator wi th th e motor. vari ed i n certai nwell -
k now n w ay s — as, for i n
Th e operati on of th is system wi ll be under
'

stance, by rotati ng th e field abou t a stati on

stood f rom th e foregoi ng . Th e action of th e ary armature or rotati ng cond uctors wi th i n
1 5 generator by causi ng a prog ressi ve sh i fti ng o f th e d old—b u t I d o not i llustrate th ese features
th e poles i n th e motor armatu re sets up i n
-
f u rth er h erei n, as wi th th e i llustrati on wh i ch
th e latter a r otati on opposi te i n d i rectiou to I h ave g i ven I regard th e rest as wi th i n th e
th at i n wh i ch th e poles move. I f, now, th e p o w er o f a p e r k
so n s i lled i n th e ar t to c on
conti nuous cu rrent be d i rected th rough th e stru ct.
field coi ls so as to strongly energi ze th e m
-
I am aware th at a dev ice embody i ng the
net AA, th espeed of th em otor, wh i ch depen
'

ch a racte risti u of a motor and h avi ng a per

u po nth stof th egenera
b ut th e power wh i ch p m wi llnotbei ucreased,
aces i ts rotati on wi ll
mu m
opera m
y
-
magneti zed field mag net h as been
-

by passi n th roug h i ndependent coi ls

on i ts armatu re a i rect or conti nuous c urren
B
b e i ncreased i n proporti on to th e energy sup t
: 5 pli ed th rough th e coi ls B. It is ch aracter i n opposi te di recti ons. Such a system, h ow
i sti c of th is motor th at i ts di recti on of rota ever, I do not regard a s capable of th e prac
ti on is no t reversed by reversi n th e d i recti on ti cal a li cati ons for wh i ch my i nventi on i s 80
of th e current th rough i ts fiel c oi ls, for th e desig n gs nor i s i t th e same i n pri nci ple or
‘

di recti on of rotati on depends not u n th e m ode of operati on, mai nly i n th at th e sh i tti ng
3 0 ty of th e fiel b ut upon th e recti on of th e pole s i s i nt er m i tte n t a nd n ot co nti nu
n whi ch th epoles o th e armature are sh i fted . ous, and th at th ere i s necessarily i nvolved a
To m eres th e motor th econnecti ons of ei th er waste of energy.
of th e ci rcu its 9 y m ust be reversed . In my p resent pli cati on I do not li mit my
’

I h ave found th at i f th e fi eld magnet of th e e

x form of moto r, nor of th e
B self to any speci
-

35 m o t or b e st ro n l
g y energi zed by i ts coils B, m eans for produci ng th e alternati ng cu rrents
a
" “ re
.

and th e ci rcui ts th rough th e armature coi ls -

s disti ng ui sh ed from wh at are called
closed, a ssumi ng th e generator to be ru nni ng versed cur rent s, and I may ex c i te or energi ze 90
at a certai n speed , th e motor wi ll not start; th e field of th e m otor and of th e generator by
.
b ut i f th e field be but sli gh tly energi zed , or i n any source of cu rrent wh i ch wi ll prod uce th e
so i nsuch condi ti on th at th e m eti c da i red result.
nfiusnceof th e ar matu repreponderates ad e W h at I clai m i s
i ts mag neti c condi ti on, th e motor Th e meth od h erei n desc ri bed of transmi t
.

wi ll start, and wi th su fii ci ent c urrent will ti ng ower by electro magneti c motors,wh i ch

p
-

reach i ts maxi mu m or nor mal s eed . F or consi sts i n conti nuously and prog ressi vely
p
4 5 th i s reason i t is desi rable to k eep at th e start, sh i fti ng th e poles of one element of th e motor
and unti l th e motor h as attai ned i ts norm al by alternati ng c urrents and mag neti zing th e
speed, or nearly so, th e field c i rcui t c en, or oth er element by a di rect or conti nuous cu r
p
-

to permi t b ut li ttle current to pass th roug h i t. rent. a s set forth .

so
I h avefound, h owever, i f th e fields of both th e
t l motor be strong ly nerg i zed
K
N I O LA Tfi LA .

tgt
t ar ir e
h e e crator starts tl e motor W i tnesses
fz
and th at th e speei f th e motor is i ncreased m B Murr ay
. ,
i n sy nch ronism wi th th egenerator. F am x E. H ARTLEY .
a. l ser.) s sh oots sh oot 1
T ES L A
o
-
.

I . .

m enor ocsvssn sc an nm srsurnle stra t u s cussas rs

'
.

Ito. P atented Kay 1. 1888 .

IW ENT
UH .

2 1 4 4 1711 4 .
(l l aser.) 3 n ests n est s.
T ESL A
o -

a rs onor cosvssrlse Al l) msralsunse st ncrslo ousssm

'
.

No . P atented K ay 1 1888.
,

INV ENT
OR
 U N I T ED STAT ES PAT EN T O FFIC E .

NI KOLA m an , or N E W Y OR K “
, N. Y.

METHOD OF CONV ERTING AND DISl RIB

UT ECT
ING EL RIC CURRENTS .

SPE C IF I C ATI O N form i ng part of Letters Pate nt N o. d ated m y 1 , 1 8 88 .

Ori gi nal Q plioati on fi led December a
s. Serial N o . D ivi ded and th '
s appli cation di ed March 9 . 1888 . Seri al N o.
(N o mod el.)

15 all w h om i t m ay concern.. mach i nes, i nclud i ng th e co mb i ned m otors and

Be i t known that I, N IKO LA TESLA, f rom g enerators, h ave been devised F or i nstance, .

S mi lian, Lika,bord er c ou ntry of Aus tri a H u n a motor i s constr ucted i n acco rd ance wi th well
-

a
g y,r a n d n ow r e s i d i n g
‘

a t N e w Y o rk , i n th e u n d e rs to o d p r i n c i p l es ,
a n d o n th e s a m e a r m a 55
5 co u n t y a n d S t a t e o f N e w Y o r k , h a v e i n v en te d t u r e a re w o u n d i n d u c ed c o ils w h i c h co ns ti tu te
certai nnew and useful I m provements i n Meth a generator. Th e motor coi ls are g enerally of
ads of C onverti ng and D istri b uti ng Elec tri c fi ne wi re and th e g enerato r coi ls o f c oarser -

ti on, th is ap pli cati on being adi vi si on of anap q

Currents, of wh i ch th e followi ng is aspec i fica wi re, s o as to p rod u ce a c u rrent o f g reater
uanti t and lower potential th an th eli ne c ur 60 -

c leati on fi led by me D ecember 23, 1887, Seri al rent, ~

i ch i s of relati vely h i g h p otenti al to
0. avoi d loss i nlong transmissi o n Asi milar ar
.

Th is i nventi on relates to th ose systems of rang ement is to wi nd coi ls correspond i ng to

electri cal di stri b u ti on i n wh i ch a current from th ose d escr i bed on a ri ng o r si m i lar c ore, and
a si ng le sou rce of supply i n a mai n or trans » by means of a comm utato r of su i tab le k i nd to 6 5
5 m i tt i n g c i rc u i t i s c a u se d to i n d uc e , b y m ea n s d i re c t th e c u rr en t t h r ou g h th e i n d u c i n g c oi ls -

of su i tab le i nd ucti on apparatus, a current or successi vely , so as to maintai n a m ov ement of

currents i n an i ndependent work ing ci rc ui t or th e poles of th e co re or of th e li nes of force
ci rcu i ts. wh i c h set u p th ec urrents i n th e i nd uced coi ls.
Th e mai n obj ec ts of th e i nventi on are th e W i th out enumerati ng th e objec ti ons to th ese 70
“me as h ave been h eretofore obtai ned by th e systems i n detai l, i t wi ll su ffi ce to say th at th e
use o f th e se s y s tem s— v i a , t o d i v i d e t h e c u r th e o ry or t h e p r i n c i p le o f th e a c ti o n c
o o p er
rent froma si ngle sou rce, wh ereb a nu m ber ati on of th ese dev i ces h as apparently been so
y
of lamps, m otors, or oth er translati ng devi ces li ttle u nd erstood th at th ei r p roper con struc
may b e i ndependently controlled and operated ti on and use h ave, up to th e p resent ti me, been 75
sh y th e s a m e so u r c e o f c u r re n t , a n d i n s o m e a tt e n d e d w i th v a ri o u s d i fl i c u lti es a n d g re a t e x
ca ses to red uce a cu rrent of h i g h potenti al i n p ense. Th e transform ers are v ery li able to be
the mai n ci rcult to one of g reater q uanti ty and i nj ured and b u rned ou t, and th e means resorted
lower potenti al i n th e i nd ependent consu mp to for cu ri ng th is and oth er defec ts h ave i n
tion or work i ng c i rc ui t or ci rcui ts. vari ab ly been at th e ex pense of effi ci ency . I 80
Th e eneral ch aracter of th e devi ces em h aved iscovered ameth od of co nversionand d is
f
o
l
p yo e d n t h es e sy st e m s i s n o w w e l l n n d e rs to o d . t r i b u ti on , h ow e v e r , w h i e h i s n o t s u bj e c t to th e
An alternati ng current mag netO mach i ne i s defects and ob eeti ons to wh i ch I h ave alluded ,
o

C od es asource of supply . Th e current d e and wh i ch i s th efi ci cnt and safe. I sec ure

th ereby is cond ucted th rough a trans by i t a conversi on by true d y nami c i nd uc ti on 85
o n c i rcui t to one or more distant poi nts, u nd er h i h i y em c i e n t cond i ti ons and wi th out
5 .
-

at wh i ch th e transfor mers are located . Th ese th e use o expensi ve or com pli cated apparatus
eonsi stc f i nducti on mach lnes of vario us k i nds. or movi ng devi ceawh i ch i n use wear ou t and
q
‘

In some cases ordi fo rms of i nd ucti on re uire attenti on. Th is meth od co nsists i n
coi l h ave been used wi t one coi l i n th e trans pr og ressi vely and conti nuously sh i lli ng th e 90
ci rcui t and th e oth er i n alocal or con i nts of max i mu m efi ec t i na
‘

a -
li ne or -

n i nd uct
u m on ci rcui t, th e coils bei ng d ifi erently i ve fie! across th e convoluti oas o f a coi l or
‘

rti oned , accordi ng to th e work to b e cond uctor wi th i n th e i nfluence of sai d fi eld

i n th e consu mpti on c i rcui t th at i s to and i nclu ded i n or formi ng part of a sec ond
q
- u

my, i f th e work re u i res a cu rrent of h i gh er ary or translati ng ci rcu it .

ti al t h an t h a t i n th t ransmi ssi on c i rc u i t I n carry i ng out my i nventi o n I p ro v i d e a

‘

5 e -

secondary or i nd uced coi l i s of g reater seri es of i nd uc i ng coi ls and co rresp ond i ng i n -

lmgth and resi stance th an th e pri mary , wh i le, d eced coi ls wh i c h , by p reference, I wi nd u po n
on th e oth er h and, i f a q uanti ty c urrent of a core closed up on i tself suc h as an annu lus
—
-
,

lower nti al is wante d , th e lo nger c oi l i s o r ri ng subd i v i ded i u th e u sual m a nner. Th e ( 0 0

ama de e pri mary . In li eu of th ese d evi ces two sets of coi ls are wou nd si d e b y s i d e or su
“

va r i ous forms of electro dy nami c i nd ucti on s

perposed or oth erwise placed i n well k nown -
 wa s to b ri ng th em i nto th e most el ecti ve re
y Th e device is pro vi ded wi th sui tab le bi nd
lati ons to one anoth er and to th e core. Th e i ng posts, to wh i ch th e ends of th e coi ls are
-

i nd uci ng or pr i mary coi ls wou nd o n th e core

are d i v i ded i nto pairs or sets by th e m er
led. T h e d i ametri cally c pposi tecoi ls BBand 0
-

B Bare connec ted, respecti vely i nseri es, and

’ ’ 7
p p
5 electri cal connecti ons, so th at wh i le th e coi ls th e four termi nals are co nnected to th e b i nd
of o ne pai r o r set co o erate i n fixi n th e ma
p g i ng posts 1 2 3 4. Th e i nd uced coi ls are con
-

neti c poles of th e core at two g i ven i ametric nec ted togeth er i n any d esi red manner. F or
ally o pposi te poi nts th e coi ls of th e oth er pai r
-
example, as sh own i n F ig . 8, C 0 may be con 75
or set— ass u mi ng , for th e sake of i llustrati o n nec ted i n m ulti ple are wh en a q uanti ty cu r
no th at th ere are but two—tend to fix th e oles
,

p rent s i d esi red — '

as i or ru nni n a rou p of i n
at ni nety deg rees from such po i nts. W i th th is candescent lamps, D— wh i le 65 may be i n
i nd uc ti on d ev i ce I use an alternati ng cu rrent -
d ependently co nnected i n seri es i n a ci rc uit
g e n e r a t o r w i th coi ls or sets of cells to co rre i nclud i ng arc lamps th e li ke.
spend wi th th oseof th eco nv erter and b means
, y Th egenerator i n this system wi ll be adapted
15 of su i tab le cond uctors I co nnect u i n i nde to th e converter i n th e manner i llustrated .
p
pend ent c i rc u i ts th e correspo nd i n coi ls of th e F or example, i n th e p resent case I employ a
generator and conv erter. It resu ts fro m th i s p a i r o f o rd i n ar yp e r m a n en t or e le c t rom nets,
that th e d i fferent electri cal ph ases i n th e gen E E, between wh i ch i s mou nted a cyli n ri cal 3 5
orato r areattended by correspond i n ma netic armature on a sh aft, F , and wound wi th two
g
no chang es i n th e conv erter ; o r, i n c or words '
Th e termi nals of th ese coils are
'

, coi ls, G G .
that as th e g enerator coi ls revolve th e poi nts
-
connec ted , respecti vely , to four i nsulated con
of g reatest mag neti c i ntensi ty i nth e converter tac t or collecti ng ri ngs, H H Hf H , and th e
’

wi ll bepro ra si vely sh i fted or wh irled around.

g four li ne c i rcu i t wi res Lconnec t t h e b rush es 90
-

This p ri nci ple I h ave appli ed under vari ously K beari ng onth ese ri ngs to th econverter i n th e
O
as modi fied condi ti ons to th e perati on of elec o rder sh own. N oti ng th e result s of th i s co mbi
tro m agneti c motors, and i n p revi ous appli ca nati on, i t wi ll be observed th at at agi venpoi nt
—
-

tions notab ly i n th ose h avi n seri al nu mbers of ti me th e coi l G i s i n i ts central posi ti onand
and —1 h ave escri bed i n d e is generati n li ttle or no current, wh i le th e 9 5
tai l th e manner of co nstructi ng and u si ng such
g
oth er coi l, G is i n aposi ti onwh ere i t exerts i ts
30 mete rs. maxi mum efiect. Assum i ng coi l G to be con
BB
’

In th e present appli cati on my object i s to useted i nci rcui t wi th cells of th econverter

and coil G wi th coi ls B B, i t is evi dent th at
' '
desc ri be th e best and most conveni ent manner ’

of wh i ch I am at present aware of carry i n

out th e i nventi on a
g th e poles o f th e r ing Awi ll be d etermi ned by t oo
coi ls B B alone; b ut as th e armature of th e
'
s a pli ed to a system of
’

35 e lec t r i ca l d i s t rib uti on; g at one ski lled i n th e g e n e r a to r r e v o l v es,

c oi l G d ev el o p s m o re .
c u r
art wi ll read i ly u nderstand, from th e descri p rent and coi l G less u nti l G reach es i ts max i
’

mu m and G i ts neutral posi ti on. Th e obv i ous

'
tion o f th e m od i fications preposed i n sai d ap
li i w h erei n th e for m of both th e g ener r es ult will b e to sh i it th e poles of th e ri n A 1 0 5
q
p ca t o n s,

q
ator and converter i n th e p resent case may be th rough one uarter of i ts peri ph ery . e
40 m o di fi e d . I n i llu s tr a t i o n , th erefore, c f th e de mo vement of th e cells th roug h th e next uar
'
tai ls of constructi on wh i ch my present i nven ter of a tu rn,d uri ng wh i ch co i l G enters a field
tion i nvolves, I now refer to th e accompany i n of opposi te polari ty and generates a current
g
drawi ngs. of opposi te d i recti on and i ncreasi ng streng th , n o
Fi gu re 1 i s a d i ag rammatic i llustrati on of wh i le coi l G i s passi ng from i ts maxi mu m to
45 th e co n v e r te r a n d t h e e l ectri cal connec ti ons of i ts neu tral posi ti on, g enerates a cu rrent of d e
the same. F i g. 2 is ah ori zontal central c ross c reasi ng strength and same di rec ti on a s be
secti on o f F i
q
1 . F ig . 3 i s a d iag ram of th e fore, and causes a f urth er sh i fti ng of th e poles
ci rcu i ts of t e enti re system, th e g enerator th rough th e second uarter of th e ri ng. T he ri s
bei ng sh own i n section. second h alf revoluti on wi ll ob vi ously be a
50 I u se a co r e , A , w h i c h i s clo sed u poni tself repetiti on of th esameactio n.
‘

By th esh ifti ng
of th e poles of th e ri ng Aa power dy nami c i a
q
th at i s to say, of an annular, cy li nd ri cal, or -

e u i v a le n t f o r m — and as th e cmci cncy of th e d ucti ve efiect on th e coi ls 0 C i s prod uced.

‘ ’

ap aratus i s largely i nc reased by th e subdi Besides th e currents generated i n th e second n o

k
v on of th is core I ma e i t of th i n stri ps, ary coi ls by dy namo mag neti c i nd ucti on,oth er
-

w
q
c urredts wi ll be set u p i n th e same coils i n
l at es i e s f ft i ron electri cally i nsu
E
53 , o r r o so
ted as far as practi cable. U onthi s core, by conse uence of any var i ati ons i n th e i ntensi ty
any well k nownmeth od , I wi n say, fou r cells,
BB
of th
w i es i n th e ri ng A. Th is sh ould be
-

B B, wh ich I use as pri mary coi ls, and

' '
av oi d by mai ntai ni ng th e i ntensi ty of th e r : 5
for wh i ch I use long leng th s of comparati vely p o l es co ns ta n t , to acco m p lis h w h i c h c a r e s h ou ld
60 fine wi re. O ver th ese c oi ls I th enwi nd sh orter be taken i n d esi g ni ng and pm portioni ng th e
coi ls of coarser wi re, 0 C C
’
to co nsti tute g e n e r a to r a n d i n di str i b u ti ng th e co i ls i n t h e
th e i nd uc ed or second ary coi ls. Th econstruc ri ng Aand balanci ng th ei r et
q
tionof th is or any e ui valent for m of converter
'

is done, th e cur rents are prod uced by dy namo r30

f ect. W h en th is

may be carried farth er, as ab ove p oi nted ou t,
65 by i nclosi ng th ese cells wi th i ron—as, for ex
ample, by wi ndi n over th e coils a layer or
d
layers of i nsulate i ron wi re.
mag neti c i nd ucti o n only , th e same result be
i ng ob tai ned as th ou h th e poles were sh i n ed
by a commutator wi t an i nfini te nu mber of
seg ments.
 us by means of wh i ch th is wi th i n th e i nd ucti ve i nfluence of sai d field, as
method ersi ou is or ms be carri ed out h erei n set forth .

5
may be v ari ed almost i ndefi tely . Th e spe
dfic form wh i ch I h ave h erei nsh own I regard
as th e be st an d mo st em ci en and i n an oth er W
n
2. T

ge n
"
h e meth od of electri cal conversi on and

2 23 Ro r
“
n n on c r
b
e{ lit
z
“ w“
p n e n c
li a tl I h a e la i m ed t b t I d n t i n a n i n d ti e fiel en ts i n
fi p c o u v c ; u o o g uc v cu rr
it myself h erei n to th e use of any lou su ch order or manne r as to
p nee by th ei r
lar form or combi natio nof dev ices wh ch is or conjoi nt street a p ve sh ifti n8 f th
’

g o e
of el ecti ng th e same result i n oi nts of maxi mum e of th e field, and ln
p
nei ng th ere by cu rrents i n th e c o ils o r 00 q
luti ons oi a ci rcui t locate wi
'
d th i n t h e m u m .

l. T h e m eth od of electri cal conversi on and i n i nfluence of th e field, as set forth

di rtbuti ou h erei n described, wh ich cen isia
ineonti uuoui ly and prone- i vely
K
NI OLA TE L A .

ts or li ne of maxi mum el ect i

vs field , and i nd uci ng th ereby currents i n
thecells or convoluti ons of a ci rcui t located
 8 Sh eets—S
h eet 1.

N T ESL A
. .

'
sr srsi t or Bt sorslos t
'
DISTRIBUTION.
P atented Oct 2 1888
. , .
(l o I od el.) 8 Sh eets Sh eet 2
-
.

N T ES L A
.

. .

81 mm or st sorslou . DIS
'
TRIBUTION.
No. P atented Oct 2 . 1888
. .

WITNESSES i NVENT
OR
 8 Sh eets—Sh eet 8 .

N T ES L A
. .

87 81 3 11 or BLBOTBIOALDISTRIBUTION .

P atented Oct 2 . 1888

. .

INV ENTOH
 UN I T ED STAT ES PAT ENT O FFIC E .

NIKOLA Tram , O F N EW Y O RK , N . Y., ASSIGNO R TO TH E TESLA E LECTRIC

CO MPAN Y , O F SAME PLACE .

SY STE M O F ELEC TR IC AL D ISTRIBUTIO N .

SP E C IF I C ATI O N fo rmi ng part of le tters Patent N o. d ated O c tob er 2 , 1 8 8 8 .

Appli c ati on fi led Ap ril 10. 188 . Serial N o TN J OI

.
‘
. ( N o model.)

T o all w h o m i t ma y co ncer n: i nventi on. F ig . 2 is a di ag ram of th e system

Be i t k nown th at I N IK O LA TEBLA a su b
, , as i t i s used i noperati ng motors er converters.
jcet of th e E mperor o f Austr i a fro m Smi lj an , , o r both , i n parallel or mu lti ple arc . Fi g. 3
Lika, bord er cou ntry o f Austria H u ngary re -
i llustrates d i ag rammati cally th e manner of
O
,

5 siding i n th e ci ty , co unty , and State o f N ew p e ra ti n g t w o or m o r e m o to rs o r c o n v e rt e r s ,o r 55

York, h ave i nvented certai n new and usefu l
Improvements i n S y ste m s of E lec t r i ca l D is
tri buti on, of wh i ch th e followi ng i s a spec i fi
cation, reference bei ng bad to th e d rawi ngs ac
lo company i n
g and fo r m i ng a p art of t h e s a m e.
i n prev io us appli cati ons f or patents mad e
by me I h ave sh o wn and described electrical
systems fo r th e transmi ssi o nof po wer and th e
both , i n seri es.
It is ob vi ous th at for purposes o f th is i nven
ti on motors or trans formers, wh i ch may be all
d esi gnated as converters,
”
are th e same,and
th at ei th er or both may be perated by th e 60 O
same system or arrangement of ci rc u i ts.
Referri ng to F ig . 1 , AAd es ig nate th e poles
o f th e dei d mag nets of an alternati ng c ur rent
- ~

con versi on and d i stri b u tio n of elec tri cal on g e n e r a to r , th e a r m a tu r e o f w h i c h , b e i n g i n

i 5 crzy, i nwh i c h th e motors and th e transfo r mers th i s case cyli nd ri cal i n for m and mou nted ona 65
contai n two or m ore coi ls or sets Of coi ls, wh i ch sh aft.0, i s wou nd long i tu d i nally wi th coils B
were connec ted u p i n i ndependent c i rc ui ts B. Th e sh aft 0 carri es th ree i nsulated con
'

with co rrespo nd i ng coils o f an alter nati ng cu r -

tac t ri n s, a b c, to two O f wh i ch , as !
-
: c, one
O
rent gener ator , th e perati on o i th e sy stem be termi na of each coi l, as ad, i s connec ted. T he
20 i n brou h t abo u t b
g g y th e cO -
p eO
r a ti o n o f th e i emai ni ng ter mi nals, f y, are both connected 70
alternati ng c u rrents i n th e i nd ependent c i r to th e th i rd ri ng, a.
cui ts i n pr og ress i vely m ov i ng or sh i fti ng th e A motor i n th is case is sh own as composed
poles or poi nts of maxi mu m mag neti c eff ec t o f o f a ri n H , wou nd with fou r coi ls, I I J J
the motors or conv erters. I n th ese systemh, elec tri cs Iy co nnec ted , so as to c c -
O
p e r a t e i n
25 a s I h ave d esc r i bed th em, two i ndepend ent p a i rs ,
w i t h a te n d e nc y t o fi x th e p o le s of t h e 75
conducto rs were employed fo r each o f th e ri ng at fou r poi nts ni nety deg rees apart.
i ndependent ci rcui ts co nnec ti ng th e gener W i th i n th e magneti c r i ng H i s a d i sk or cy
'
ator wi th th e devi ces fo r converti ng th e trans li nd ri cal co re wou nd wi th two coi ls, G G ,
mi tted c u rrents i nto mec h anical energ y or wh i ch may be connected to for m two closed
30 i nto electri c cur rents o f anoth er ch arac ter ; c i rc u i ts. Th e termi nals j k of th e two sets or 80
but I h ave fo u nd th at th i s i s not always neces p a i rs o f co il s a r e co nn ec te d , re s p ec t i v e l y , to
sary, and th at th e two o r more c i rc u i ts may r termi
’ ’
th e b i nd i ng posts E F , and the oth e
'
-

have a si ng le retur n path or wi re i nco m mo n, nals, h i , are connected to a si ng le b i nd i ng

wi th a loss, i f auy , wh ic h is so ex tremely slig h t p os t , D
'
. T o O p e rat e th e m o to r , t h r e e li n e
35 that i t may be d isregard ed enti rely . F or sake wi res are used to connec t th e term i nals O f th e 8 5
of i llustrati on, i f th e g enerato r h ave two i n g e n e ra to r w i th t h os e o f th e m o t o r .

dependent co i ls and th e moto r two co i ls or So far as th e apparent acti on o r mod e of .

two sets o f Coi ls i n co rrespo nd i ng relati o ns to Operati on of th is ar rangement i s concerned ,

O
i ts perati ve elements o ne ter m i nal of each th e s i ngle wi re D , wh ic h i s, so to speak ,acom
40 generator co i l i s c o n
-
nected to th e co rrespond mon return wi re for both c i rc u i ts , may be re 90
-

i ng term i nals of th e motor coi ls th roug h two g a r d e d a s t w o i n d e p en d e n t w i re s . I n i ll u s

independ ent co nd uc to rs, wh i le th e p posi te O trati o n, wi th th e order o f connec ti o n sh own,
termi nals o f th e respec ti ve c oi ls are both co n coi l B of th e gen erator i s prod uc i ng i ts max i
'

nected to o ne retu r n wi re.-

m u m c ur rent aud coi l B i ts m i ni mu m ; h ence
45 This i nventi o n i s appli cable to my system th e current wh i ch passes th rou g h wi re e, ri ng 9 5
'
i ii vari ous ways, as W i ll be seen by reference b, br ush b , li ne wi re E, ter mi nal E , wi re j ,
’
-

'
to th e d rawi ngs, i n wh i ch coi ls I I, wi re or ter mi nal D , li ne wi re D , -

F ig u re 1 i s a d i ag rammati c i llustrati on o f a b rush a , ri ng a, and wi re f , fi xes th e polar

’

generato r and si ng le motor c onstructed and li ne o f th e m otor m id way between th e two

cells I I ; b u t as th e coil B mo ves from th epo
'
5 electri cally connected i n accordance wi th th e
0 t oo
 si ti on i ndi c ated i t generate lens cu rrent, wh i le c ni t is connected to a li no w i re and i h c oth er
-

coil B , m ov i n g i n to th e fie ld , ge nerate s m o re. th ree termi nals to aco m mon rotu rut c ond uctor. -

The current from coi l B passes th ro ug h Th is arrangement wi ll sec u re si mi lar results to

devi ces and w i m d esi gnated by th e letters a ; th ose attai ned wi th agc nc rato r and motor h av
' '
’
5 c, e, F , F , t, J J, i , D , D , a , a, and g . and i ng bu t two i udepend ent ci rcu its, as above de 60
’

the posi ti on o f th e po les o f th e m otor w i ll be sc ri bed.

due to th e resultant effect of th e c u r rents i n
the two sets of coils —th at is, i t w i ll be ad
va nccd i n p ro po rti on to th e ad vance or for
'
to wa rd movem ent of th e armatu re coi ls.
movement of th e generator armatu re th roug h
-
one quarter o f a revoluti on wi ll ob vi o usly
bri ng coi l B i nto i ts neutral posi ti on and coi l
’
W h en appli ed to such mac h i nes and motors
as h ave th ree or more i nd uced c i rc u i ts wi th a
com mo n electri cal j oi nt,th e th reeo r more ter
Th e mi nals of th e generator would be si mply con 6 5
nected to th ose of th e moto r. Such for ms of
mach i nes, wh en adapted i n th is manner to my
system, I h av e, h owever, found to be lea efii
~

Bi nto i ts posi tion of maxi mu m eficct, and ci ent th an th e oth ers.

15 th is sh i fts th e poles ni nety d eg rees, a s th ey are
fixed solely by coi ls B. Th is acti on is te
peated for eac h q uarter of a co mplete revolu
tion.
W h en mo re th an o ne motor o r oth er d ev ice
is employed , th ey may be ru n ei th er i n paral
lei or scries. I n Fi g . 2 th e for mer arrang ement
is sh o wn. Th e elec tri cal dev i ce i s sh own as
agonV erter, L, constructed as I h av e descr i bed
Th e i nventi onis appli cab le to mach i nes and 70
motors of vari ous ty pes, and accord i ng to c i r
c u mstancm and cond i ti ons read i ly u nderstood .
wi th more or less effic ient m alts. I d o not
th erefore li mi t myself to any of th e detai ls o f
co n str ucti o n of th e apparatus h erei n sh own. 75
W h at I clai m i s
1 . Th e combi nati on, wi th a generato r h av
i ng i ndependent c urrent generati ng c i rc ui ts
~

i n my ap plicati on S eri al N o. filed and a converter or converters h av i ng i nde

35 December 2 3, 1887. Th e two sets of pri mary p e n d e n t a n d co r r esp o n d i n g c i rc u i ts, of i nde 80
coi ls p r are connected , respec ti vely , to th e p e n de n t co n d u c to rs co n n ec t i n g o n e te r m i n
a l
mai ns F E, wh i ch are clectri a lly connected of eac h generator ci rc ui twi th acor respo nd i ng
o

wi th th e two coi ls of th e g enerato r. Th e termi nal of th e motor and a si ngle cond ucto r
cra m— ci rc ui t wi res 1 st, maki ng th ese co nnec connecti ng th e remai ni ng generato r and con
30 tion , are th en connected to th e com
turn wi re D . Th e secondary coi ls p p are i n
-
"
'
mon re verter termi nals, a s set forth .
2 . Th e combi nation, wi th a generator hav
ci rcui ts a t 0 , i nclud i n g , fo r e xam ple , i nca n i ng i ndependent cu rrent g enerati ng ci rc ui ts
-

descent lamps. O nly one conv erter i s sh own and a co nverter o r converters In v i ng i nde
en tire i n th is fi g u re, th e oth ers bei ng i llus p e n d e nt a n d co r res p o n d i n g c i r c u its, of i nde
35 trated di ag rammati cally . p e n d en t l i ne o r co n n ec t i n g c i r c u i ts fo r m e d i n 90
W h en motors or converters are to be run i n p a r t th ro u g h a co n d ucto r common to all, a s
ssri e s,th e two wi res E F are led f ro m th e gen set fo rth .
cra tor to th e coi ls of the first moto r or con 3 . Th e system of electri cal d istr ib uti ou
vetter th en conti nued on to th e next, and so
-

,
h erei n set forth , consi sti ng of th e combi na
so on th rough th e wh ole series, and are th en ti on, with an alter nati ng c u rrent generator 95
-

w
joi ned to th e si ngle i re D, wh i ch completes h avi ng i ndepend ent generati ng ci rc u its and -

both ci rc u i ts th ro ugh th e generator. Th is i s elec tro m ag neti c moto rs or converters p ro

-

shown i n F i g. 3, i n wh i ch J I represent th e v i d ed wi th correspo nd i ng energ i zi ng c i rcui ts, -

two coils or sets of coi ls of th e motors. ,o f li ne w ir es o r co nd u c tor s co n n ec ti ngt h e coi ls

45 Obvi ously i t i s i mmateri al to th e operati on of th e motors o r co nverters, respecti vely, i n too
of the mo to r or eq ui valent dev i ce i n Fi g . 1 seri es wi th one ter mi nal of eac h c i rcu i t of th e
O
whatorder of c onnecti ons is bserved between generato , a r n d i
as g e n l r et n w re or con
u r i ~

the respecti ve ter mi nals of th e generator or d uctor connecti ng th e said cond uctors wi th
motor. h e Oth er termi nals of th e generator, as set
so I have d escri bed th e i nventi on i n i ts best tnh
o
and most practicable f orm o f whi ch I am
N IKO LA TESLA.
aware; bu t th ere are oth er cond i tions under
wh ich i t may be carri ed out. F or example, i n W i tnesses
ca seth e motor and gen erato r each h as th ree i a Roar . F . G u nman,
55 dependent ci rcu i ts, One termi nal O f each c ir F R AN K
E. H ARTLEY .
In H ot el.) 2 Sh eets Sh eet
-
2.

N T ESL A
. .

DYNAIIO s t sornlo “ call s.

in . P atented Oct 2 . 1888

. .

IIi VEIITOIl

A
TTORNEYS .
 UN IT ED STAT ES PAT ENT O FFIC E .

NIKO L ATE LA , O F N EW Y O R K N . Y , ASSIGN O R TO THE TIBLA ELEC TRIC

COMPAN Y , O F SAM E PLAC E .

D Y N AM O ELEC TR IC M AC H IN E.
'
-

S P E C IF I C ATI O N fo rm i ng part of Letters Patent N o . d ated O c to b er 2 , 1 8 8 8 .

Appli cation I larl Ap r il a IR S

. Serial N o. m ass . (N u -rode“

T
o all w h o m i t m a y c onc er n:
Be i t k nown th at I, N IKO LA TN !.A, a sub
ject of th e E mpero r o f Austri a, f ro m Sm i lj an,
Lika, bord er cou ntr of Austri a H u ngary ,
§
5 now resi d i ng at N ew 0 rk, i n th e co u nty and
State of N ew Y o rk , h av e i nvented certai n new
{ ad usefu l I m prov ements i nDy namo Elec tr i c
Mac h i nes, o f wh i c h th e fo llo wi ng Is a spec i fi
cati on, reference bei ng h ad to th e d rawi ngs
to accornpanmu
g and fo rmi ng a p art of th e same.
I ncertai npatents g ranted to C h arles F . Peek
and myself— notably i n Patents N o.
and N o. May 1 , 1888 — 1 h ave sh o wn
and desc r i bed a plano f constructi ng and per
I5 sti ng moto rs transformers, and th e li ke, by al
ternati ng c u rrents convey ed th roug h two or
more i nd ependent ci rcu its fro m a generator
wh i ch th e cur re nts are tob e ta k e n o fl — wi ll
be d etermi ned so le!y b y wh at or der of vari a
ti o ns o f streng th and d i recti on i n th e c u rrents
i s desi red for p rod uc i ng a g i ven resu lt i n th e 55
elec tr i cal translati ng devi c e. Th is may be ac
co m plish ed i n v ari o us ways ; b u t i n th e d raw
i ngs I h av e g i ven ty pi cal i nstances only of th e
best and most p racti cab le ways o f apply i ng th e
i nv enti o n to th ree o f th e best k no w n ty pes o f
-
60
mac h i nes, i n ord er to i llustrate th e p ri nc i ple
and to enable any one sk i lled i n th e art to ap
py l th e i nv e n ti o n i n a n y o t h e r ca s e or u n d e r
any mod i fied condi ti o ns wh ich th e c i rc um
O stanc es o f partic u lar cases may req ui re.
F i gu re l i s a d i ag ram i llustrati ve of th e
mod e of apply i ng th e i nventio n to th e well
'

k no wn ty pe o f c losed or contq ous ci rc ui t

h avi ng su ch relati on to th e m otors or trans mach i nes. F i g . 2 i s a si mi lar d iag ram con
formers as to p rod uce th erei n a prog ressi v e tai ni ng an armatu re wi th separate coi ls con 70.

to movement of th e m ag neti c po les or li nes o f u seted d ia metri cally , o r wh at i s g enerally

force. I n th e sai d applicati o ns th e d esc ri p called an
“
Op e n ci rcu
-
i t ”
m a c h i ne . F i 3 is
tions and i llustrati o ns o f th e generato rs were a d i ag ram sh o wi ng th e ap pli cati on o f ein
confined to th ose ty pes o f alternati ng c ur rent venti o n to a m ach i ne th e ar mature co i ls o f -

mach i ne I n wh i c h th ec u rrent generati ng coi ls wh i c h h ave a co mm o n j oi nt.

2 5 are i ndepend ent o r separate; b u t I h ave fo u nd Refer ri ng to F i g . 1, let Arepresent o ne o f my
th at th e o rd i nary for ms of co nti nuous c u rrent i m pro ved meters or transfor mers, wh i c h , fo r
rly namos no w i n use may be read i l and ch ea l
“ ”
y py co nvenienc e, I sh all desi g nate a co nv erter,
adapted to my system , o r u ti li zed both as co n wh i c h consists of an annu lar core, B , woun d
ti nuous and alternati ng c u rrent generato rs wi th fou r i nd epend ent coi ls, C
and D , th ose 80
:
30 with b ut sli g h t c h anges i n th ei r co nstructi o n. d ametr ica ly o ppos te be ng
i l i i co nn ec te d to
The mod e o f efiecti ng th is fo rms th e su bstanc e
‘

eth er so as to co operate i n pai rs i n estab

o f my p resent applic ati o n. ish i ng free poles i n th e ri ng , th e tend ency o f
Gener ally stated. th e plan u rsued by me i n eac h pai r bei ng to fix th e poles at ni nety de
p
car ryi ng o u t th is i nventi o n i s as fo llo ws : O n g r e es f r
o m th e o th e r. T h e r e m a y b e a n a r IIIa 85
3 5 t h e sh a f t o f a g i ven generator, ei th er i n place tu re, E, wi th i n th e ri ng , wh i c h is wou nd wi th
Th e obj ect is
D
of or i n ad d i ti on to th e re u lar comm u tato r, coi ls c losed upo n th emselves .
g
I sec ure as many pai rs of i ns ulated co llec ti ng to pass th ro ug h coi ls C c urrents o f suc h
ri ngs a s th ere are ci rc u i ts to be for med . N o w, relati ve streng th and d i rec ti on as to prod uce
i t wi ll be u nd erstood th at i n th e operati on of a p rog ressi ve sh i fti ng o r mo vement o f th e 90
fl
'

40 any dy namo electri c generator th e c urrents I n p o i n ts o f m a x i m u m m ag n et i c e e c t a ro u nd th e

the coi ls i n th ei r movement th roug h th e field ri ng , and to th ereb m a i n ta i n a rotary move
y
of forc e u ndergo d i fic rent ph ases—th at is to
'
ment of th e ar matu re. I th erefo re sec u re to
'
say , at d i fierent posi ti ons of th e coi ls th e cu r th e sh aft F of th e generato r fou r i nsulated
rents h ave certai n d i rec ti o ns and certai n co ntact ri ngs , a b c d, u po n wh i c h I cause to
-

95
45 s tre n g th s — an d th at i n my i m p rov ed moto r
s o r -
’
bear th e collec ti ng b rushes a b c d , connected
' ’ '

transfor mers i t i s necessary th at th e currents by wi res G G H H , res pec ti vely , wi th th e

i n th e energ izi ng coi ls sh ou ld u nderg o a cer
-
term i nals of coi ls C
and D .
Amu me, for sake of i llIIstratIon, th at th e
D
tai n order o f vari ati ons i n streng th and d i rec
—
ti on. H ence, th e fu rth er step v i z, th e co n coi ls D are to recei v e th e max i mu m and t oo

50 m otion between th e i nd uced or g enerati ng coi ls CC at th e same i nstant th e mi ni mu m

coi ls of th e mach i neand th e contact ri ngs f ro m cu rrent, so th at th e polar li ne may he m i d way
 between th e co ils D D , th e ri ngs a (I would
therefo re b e c onnec ted to th e c o nti nuous ar
matu re c o i l at i ts neutral poi nts wi th res pect
-
to th e field o r th e p oi nt co rrespo ndi ng wi th
5 th a t o f th e o r d i n ar y co mm utato r b rush es, and
between w h i c h ex i sts th e g reatest di fference
of potenti al, wh i le r i n s 0 «I wo uld be co n
g Two pai rs of th e armat ure coi ls and th ei r
ureted to two po i nts i n th e c o i l between wh i c h
,
exists no d i fference o f
potenti al. Th e best re
I o sui ts wi ll be obtai ned b
y maki ng th ose con
‘
necti ons at po i nts eq ui d istant f ro m one an
These co nnec ti ons are easi
oth er, as s h o wu .
est mad e b y usi ng wi res Lbetween th e ri n s
g
and th e loops o r w i res J, co nnec ti ng th e coi l I
I 5 to th e seg ments of th e co m mutator K . W h en
th e co nverters are made i n th is m anner, i t i s
evi dent th at th e ph ases o f th e c u rrents i n th e
acc zi ona o f th e g enerator coi l wi ll be repro
-
d uced i n th e co nverter c oi ls. F or example,
at after tu r ni ng th ro ug h anarc of ni net d e rees
y g
th e cond u c tors L L , wh i c h before co nvey ed
th e maxi m u m c urrent, wi ll recei ve th e m i ni
mu m c u r rent by reason of th e ch ange i n th e
i i n f h i i l a n d i t i i dent th at
p o s t o o t e r co s, s e v
2 5 fo r th e sam e reason t h e c ur rent i n sai d coi ls
has g rad ually fallenf ro m th e maxi m u m to th e
mi ni mu m i n passi ng th ro ug h th e arc of ni nety
degrees. I n t his special plan o f co nnec ti ons
th e ro tati o n o f th e m ag neti c poles of th e con
3c verter wi ll b e sy nch ronous wi th th at o f th e
armatti re coi ls of th e g enerator, and th e resu lt
-
wi ll h e th e same, wh eth er th e energ i zi ng c i r
cui ts are d eri vati o ns from a co nti nuous ar ma
ture coi l or from i nd epend ent co i ls, as i n my
-
35 prev io us d ev i ces.
I h ave sh own i n F ig . I , i n dotted li nes, th e
b rush es M M i n th ei r pro per normal posi ti on.
In rac ti ce th ese b rush es may be removed
p
from th e com mu tator and th e field of th e gen
40 eralor exc i ted by an exter nal so u rc e of c ur
rent;or th e b rush es may be allowed to remai n
"
onth e co m m u tato r and to take 0 6 a converted
c urrent to exc i te th e fi eld , or to b e used fo r
oth er p u rpos es.
45 In a certai n well k no w n class of mach i nes
-
th e armatu re c ontai ns a nu m ber of coi ls th e
termi nals o f wh i ch co nnec t to commu tato r
seg ments, th e coi ls bei ng co nnec ted ac ross th e
armature i n pai rs. Th i s type of mach i ne i s
50 represented i n F i g. 2 . I n th i s mac h i ne each
p a i r o f c oi ls g o es th r ou g h th e s a me p h ases as
th e coi ls i n som e o f th e generators I h ave
sh own, and i t is ob v io usly only necessary to
uti lize th em i n pai rs or sets to O pe r a te o ne o f
55 my conv erters by extend i ng th e seg ments o f
th e commu tators belo ng i ng to eac h pai r o f
coi ls and causi ng a collec ti ng b rush to bear on
-
th e co nti nu ous porti on o f each seg ment; In
th i s way two or more ci rc ui ts may be taken
60 off fro m th e generator, each i nclud i ng one or
more pai rs or sets of coi ls, as may be des i red .
I n F ig . 2 I I rep resent th e ar matu re co ils, -
TTth e poles of th e field mag net, and F th e-
sh aft carry i ng th e co m m u tato rs, wh ich are ex
tend ed to fo rm co nti nu ous po rti o ns a b c «I. 6 5
Th e b rush es beari ng on th e c onti nuous por
ti o ns for taki ng oii th e alternati ng cu rrents
‘
are rep resented by a b c d . Th e collec ti ng
’ ' ’ ’
br ush es, or th ose wh i ch may be used to take
l th e d i rec t c u rrent, are d esi g nated by M M. 70
'
ot
-
co m m utato rs are sh o wn i n th e fi g u re as bei ng
u ti li zed ; b u t all mav be u ti li zed i n a s i m i lar
m anner.
Th ere is another well k nown ty pe o f um 75
-
ch i ne i n wh i ch th ree or mor co i ls, A B C ,
'
’ ’
q
o n th e armature h ave a co mm on j oi nt, th e
free ends bei ng connec ted to th e seg ments of a
co m m u tator. Th is for m of generato r i s i llus
trated i n F i g . 3 . I n th is case eac h ter m i nal 80
o f th e g enerator i s co nnec ted di rectly or i n
d er i vati o n to a conti nu ous ri ng , ab c, and col
beari ng th ereon,take o fl
'
leeti ng b r ush es
-
th e alternati ng c u rrents th at operate th e mo
to r. It is preferable i n th is case to employ a 85
"
motor or transfor mer wi th th ree energ i zi ng
co i ls, A B C , plac ed sy m metri cally wi th
” ”
th ose of th e generator, and th e c i rc ui ts fro m
‘
th e latter are connected to th e ter m i nals of
suc h coi ls ei th er d i rec tly —as wh en th ey are 0
9
stati onary — or by means o f b rush es c and co n
'
tact ri ngs c. I nth i s, as i n th e oth er cases, th e
-
ord i nary c ommu tato r may be used on th e g en
erato r, and th e c u rrent taken fro m i t uti li zed
for exc i ti ng th e g enerator fi eld mag nets or for 95
-
oth er p urp oses.
Th ese ex amples serve to i llustrate th e p ri n
c i ple of th e i nvention. I t wi ll be observed
th at i n any case i t i s necessary only to add th e
co nti n uous co ntact or collec ti ng ri ngs and to w e
estab lish th e conn ec ti ons between th em and
th e app rOp ri ate coi ls.
I t wIIl be u nderstood th at th is i nventi on is
ap pli cable to oth er ty pes of m ach i ne— as, fo r
ex am ple, th ose by wh i ch th e i n d uced co i ls are 1 0 5
stati onary and th e b rush es and mag net re
volve; b u t th e manner of i ts appli cati o n is
ob v i o us to one sk i lled i n th e art.
H av i ng now desc ri bed my i nventi on, wh at I
c lai m is
1 . Th e co mb i nati on, wi th a co nv erter h av
i ng i ndependent energ i zi ng coi ls, o f a conti nu
-
ous o r d i rec t c u rrent dy namo or m ag neto ma
c h i ne, and i ntermed i ate ci rc u i ts per m anently
co nnec ted at su i table po i nts to th e i nd uced o r I I 5 .
g e n e ra ti ng c o i ls of th e ge n e rato r
,
as h er ei n se t
fo rth .
2 . Th e co mb i nati on, wi th a converter p ro
v i d ed wi th i nd epend ent energ i zi ng c i rc u i ts, o f
-
a co nti nuo us or d i rec t c urrent g enerato r p ro I 2 0
v ided wi th conti nuous collecti ng r i ngs co n
nected i n d eri vati o n to th e armature coi ls to -
form th e term i nals of ci rc u i ts c or respond ing
to th ose of th e conver ter, as h erei n set forth .
N IK O LA TESLA.
W i tnesses
Ro s r. F . GAY LOR D,
'
F R AN K B . M UR PH Y.
(l o H oi st.)
N T ESL A
. .

Dr am astsormo mu m s.
p
P atented Oct 9. 1888
. .

INVENT
OR
 UN I T ED ST AT ES PAT ENT O FFIC E
N IK O LA TESLA, O F N EW Y OR K , N . Y .,
COMPAN Y, O F
DY N AM O ELEC TR IC
-
S P E CIF I C ATIO N formi ng part of
Applicationfiled April ” .1898 Sa ul
T
o all w h om i t m ay concern:
Be i t k nown th at I N IK OLA TESL/t, a su b
, to th e d i ag ram d rawi ng h ereto annexed .
jcet of th e Emperor of Austri a, f ro m Smi lj an,
Li ke, bord er cou ntry of Austria H u ngary , now
-
5 resi di ng at N ew Y ork, i nth e county and S
of N ew Y or k , h ave i nvented certai n new and
usefulI m pro vements i nElectri c Generators, of
wh ich th e followi ng i s aspec i ficati on, reference
bei ng b ad to th e d rawi ng acco mpany i ng and
IO formi ng a part of th e same.
My present i nventi on relates, ch i efly, to th e
alternati ng c urrent system i nvented by me
-
and d esc ri bed i n p ri o r patents, notably N os.
and of May 1 , 1 888, i n wh i ch
I5 the motors or trans formers, or generally th e
O
converters, are perated by ap ro g r ess i ve sh i ft
i ng or m ovement of th ei r mag neti c poles pro
d uced by th e co operati ve action of i ndepend
-
ent magneti zi ng coi ls th rough wh i ch
.
-
use al
so ternati ng c ur rents i n proper ord er an d i rec
tion. I n my sai d system , as I h ave h eretofo re
sh own, I employ ed a g enerator of alternati ng
currents i n wh i ch th ere were i ndependent i a
d uced or g enerati ng coi ls correspond i ng to th e
25 energi zi ng coi ls of th e co nverter, and th e t e
-
lati c as of th e generator and converters were
g e n e ra l ly su c h th at th e sp ee
the magneti c poles of th e converter e ualed
th at of th e armatu re oi th e generato r.
d o f ro ta ti
30 To sec u re th e g reatest effici ency, i t is neces
sary to ru n th e mach i nes at a h ig h speed , and
th is is true not only of th ose generators and
motors wh i ch are parti cularly adapted for use
i n my system , b ut Of oth ers. T h e practi ca
35 bi li ty of r u nni ng at very h igh speeds, h ow
ever, arti c ularly i n th e case o f large genera
p
tors, Is li m i ted by m ech ani cal cond i ti ons, i n
seeki ng to avoi d wh i ch I h ave d ev ised v ari ous
p la n s f o r O p e rat i ng th e sy ste m u n d er effi ci e n t
40 condi ti ons, alth oug h ru nni ng th e enerator at
f
a comp a r ati vely low rate of speet .
My present i nventi on consists of anoth er
way of acco mplish i ng th is result, wh i ch i n
certai n respects p resents many ad vantag es.
45 Accord i ng to th e i nventi on, i n lieu of d ri vi ng
th e armatu re of th e generator at a h igh rate
of speed , I pr od uce a rotati on of th e mag neti c
p o les o f on e e lem en t o f th e g en e ra t or a nd d r i v e
the oth er at a d i flerent speed , by wh i ch si mi
' f
so Iar results are obtai ned to th ose sec ured by a
r a p i d r o tati on o f on e o f th e e le m ents.
.
ASSIGN OR TO TH E TFSLA E LECTRIC
SAME PLACE .
M AC H IN E .
Letters Patent N o . dated O c to b er 9 1 8 88 .
,
. Ka i tl i n (No mod el.)
I sh all descri be th is i nventi on by reference
Th e generator wh i ch su ppli es th e c urrent
for operati ng th e motors o r transformers eon 5 5
tate sists i n th is i n stance of a subdi v i d ed r i ng or
annular co re wou nd wi th fou r d iametri cally
opposi tecoi ls, E E . W i th i nth e r i ng i s m ou nted
’
a cy li nd ri cal armature c ore wou nd long i tud i
’
’
nally wi th two i ndepend ent coi ls, F F , th e 60
ends o f wh i c h lead , respec ti vely , to two pai rs o f
' ’
i nsulated contact or co llec ti ug r i ngs, D D G G ,
on th e armatu re sh aft; -
Collecti ng b ru sh es d-
' ’
d g g bear upon th ese ri ngs, r espec ti vely , and
co nvey th ec urrents th ro ug h th etwo i nd epend 65
c ut li ne ci rcui ts M M .
'
I n th e mai n li ne th ere
may be i ncluded one or more motors or trans
formers, or both . I f motors be used , th ey are
construc ted i n accord ance wi th my i nventi on
’
wi th i ndependent coi ls o r sets of coi ls J J , i n 70 .
eluded , respec ti vely , i n th e c i rc ui ts M M .
’
Th ese energi zi ng coi ls are wou nd on a ri ng o r
-
annular field or on pole pi eces th ereo n, and
p ro d u ce b y th e ac ti on o f th e a lt ernati ng cu r
rents pa ssi ng th ro ug h th em a p rog ressi ve 75
sh i fti ng of th e m ag neti sm f rom pole to pole.
Th e cy lind ri cal armature II of th e motor i s
qo n o f wou nd wi th two cells at ri g h t ang les , wh i ch
for m i nd ependent c losed c i rc u i ts
If transformers be em ploy ed , I co nnec t o ne 80
.
set of th e pri mary coi ls, as N N , wou nd o n a
s M , and
’
ri ng or annular core, to one c i rc u i t, a
’ ’
th e o th er p ri mary coi ls, N N , to th e c i rc u i t
M. Th e secondary coi ls K K may th en be
’
u tili zed fo r ru nni ng g roups of i ncandescent 85
lamps PP.
’
W i th th e generator I employ an exc iter.
Th is consists of two poles, A A, of steel per
manently mag neti zed , or o f i ron exc i ted by a
battery or oth er generato r Of co nti nuous our 90
rents, and acyli nd ri cal ar mature c ore mou nted
-
on a sh aft, and wound wi th two lo ng i tud i
nal eoils, 0 O ne end of each O f th ese coi ls
i s connected to th e collecti ng r i ngs b c, respect
-
i vely , wh i le th e oth er ends are b oth c onnec ted 95
to a ri ng, a. Collecti ng b rush es b c b ear on
-
’ ’
th e ri ngs 6 0, respec ti vely , and co nd uc tors L
Lconvey th e c urrents th erefrom th rough th e
’
coi ls E and E of th e generato r. L i s a com ’
mon return wi re to brush o . Two i nd epend xoc
-
ent ci rcui ts are th us formed , one i ncludi ng
coi ls O of th e exci ter and E E of th e generator,
 '
the oth er coi ls p of th e exci ter and E E o f
the generator. It resu lts from th i s th at th e
Operati ou of th e cxd ter pmdnces ap rog ressi ve
movement of th e mag neti c poles o f th e annu
lar field core of th e generator, th e sh i fti ng o r
-
mov ement of sai d poles bei ng sy neh
ronous wi th th e rotati on of th e exc i ter ar ma
O
ture. Consi d eri ng th e perati v e co nd i ti o ns of
a system th us establish ed , i t wi ll be fo und th at
wh en th e exc i ter i s d ri v en so as to energ ize
th e field of th e generator th e ar m atu re of th e
. second ary c i rc ui t o r ci rcu i ts of th etransform er
letter, i f left free to turn, would rotate at a
speed p rac ti cally th e same as th at o f th e ex
ei ter. I f u nd er su ch cond i ti ons th e coi ls F
F o f th e g enerato r armature b e closed u po n
’ -
th emsc lv m or sh ort c i r cu i ted , no c ur rents , at
-
least th eoreti cally , wi ll be generated i n th e
mi d armature co i ls. I n practi ce I h av e oh
-
served th e p resence of sli g h t cur rents, th e ex
N ew s of wh i ch is attri butable to m ore or less
p ro n ou n c e d fl uc tuati ons i n th e i ntensi ty Of th e
mag neti c pole Of th e ’generator r i ng . 8 0 , i f
th e armatu re co i ls F F be closed th ro ug h th e
-
motor, th e latter wi ll not be tu rned as long as
th e movement of th e g enerator ar m atu re i s
sy nch ro nous w i th th at o f th e exc i ter or of th e
mag neti c poles of i ts field . I f, on th e con
traryh th e speed o f th e generator armatu re be
i n any way c h ec ked ,so th at th e sh i fti ng or t o
tati on o f th e poles Of th e field bec omes rela
tlv ely more rapi d , c urrents wi ll be i nd uced i n
th e ar matu re coils. Th is ob v i ou sly follows
-
fro m th e passi ng of th e li nes of force ac ross
th e armatu re co nd uc tors. Th e g reater th e
o f rotati o n of th e m ag neti c poles rela
ti vely to th at of th e arm atu re th e m ore rap
i d ly th e cu rrents developed i n th e coi ls of th e
latter wi ll follow one anoth er, and th e m ore
rapi d ly th e m otor wi ll revolve i n respo nse
th ereto, and th is conti nues u nti l th e arm atu re
g e n er a t o r i s stopped enti rely , a s b y a b rake,
wh c n th e motor, i f properly c onstructed , ru ns
at th e same speed wi th wh i c h th e mag neti c
p o le s o f t h e g en erator rotate.
Th c effecti ve strength of th e c urrents d evel
O ped i n th e armature coi ls of th e enerator i s
- -
d ep end ent u pon th e strength of t e c u rrents
energizi n g t h e g ene rato r a nd u p on th e num
h er of rotati ons per u ni t of ti me of th e m ag
“
neti c poles of th e generator ; h ence th e speed
Of th e motor armature wi ll d epend i n all cases
u p on th e relati v e speed s of th e armature of
th e generator and of i ts m ag neti c poles. F or
exam ple, i f th e poles are tu rned two th ousand
ti mes per uni t of ti me and th e armatu re i s
tur ned ei g h t h u nd red , th e m oto r w i ll tu rn
t welve h u nd red ti m es, or nearly so . V ery
s li t d i fferences of speed may be i nd i cated b y
a eli cately balanced motor.
-
Let i t no w be amu med th atp ower i s appli ed
to th e generator armature to tur n i t i n a d i
-
O
i ecti on pposi te to th at i n wh i ch i ts mag neti c
ls r o ta te I n such case th e resu lt w ou ld
p o .
b e si mi lar to th at p rod uced by a g enerator th e
armature and field magnets of wh i ch are ro -
listed i n opposi te d i recti ons, and by reaso n of
t h ese condi ti ons th e motor arm ature will tu rn -
’ ’
q
at a rate of speed e ual to th e su m of the
speeds of th e armatu re and m ag neti c poles o f
th e generato r, so th at a co mparati vely low 70
speed of th e g enerator arm atu re wi ll p rod uce
-
a h ig h speed i nth e m oto r.
I t wi ll b e obser ved i n connec ti on wi th th is
-
system th at O n d i m i nish i ng th e res i stance o f
th e ex ternal c i rcu i t of th e g enerator arm atu re 75
-
by ch ec k i ng th e speed o f th e m otor or b y ad d
i ng translati ng devi ces i n m u lti ple are i n th e
th e strength o f th e c u rrent i n th e armatu re
ci rcu i t i s greatly i nc reased . T h i s i s d ue to two 80
'
causes : fi rst, to th e g reat d i fierences i n th e
speeds of th e motor and g enerator, and , sec
o ndly , to th e fact th at th e apparatus follows
th e analog y of a transfor mer, for, i n propo r
ti on as th e resistance of th e ar mature o r sec 85
ond ary c i rcui ts is red uced , th e strength o f th e
c u rrents i n th e field or p ri m ary c i r c u i ts of th e
g en e r a t o r i s i ncreased and th e c u rrents i n th e
ar matu re aug mented correspond i ng ly . F or
si mi lar rea s ons th e c urrents i n th e ar matu re 90
co ils of th e g enerator i ncrease v ery rapid ly
-
wh en th e speed of th e arm atu re is red uced
wh en ru nni ng i n th e same d i recti on as th e
mag neti c poles or conv ersely .
-
I t wi ll be u nd erstood from th e above d e 9 5
sc ri pti on th at th e generator ar matu re may be
-
ru n i n th e d i recti o n of th e sh i fti ng of th e m ag
neti c poles, b u t m ore rapid ly , and th at i n suc h
ca se th e speed of th e m otor wi ll be eq ual to
th e d i ff erence between th e two rates.
I nmany appli cati ous to elec tri calconversi o n
and d istr i b uti on th is system possesses g reat
ad vantages b oth i n econo my , effici ency , and
p ra c ti c ab i l i ty .
W h at I clai m i s
1 . Th e comb i nati on, wi th analternati ng c u r
rent g enerator h av i ng i nd epend ent energ i zi ng
or field and i ndepend ent i nd uced or ar ms
tu re coi ls, of an alternati ng c u rrent ex ci ter
-
h av i ng g enerati ng or i nd uced coi ls corre I I O
spondi ng to and co nnected wi th th e ener g i zi ng
co ils of th e g enerator, a s set forth .
2 . I n an alter nati ng cu rrent generato r, th e
combi nati on of th e elements named and co
operati v ely assoc i ated i n th e follo wi ng m an I I 5
ner : a d eld m ag net wou nd wi th i ndependent
-
coi ls eac h co nnected wi th a source of alter nat
i ng c u rrents , wh ereby th e m agneti c poles pro
d uced b y sai d coi ls wi ll be p rog rem i vely
sh i fted or m oved th rough th e field , and an n o
ar matu re core wou nd wi th i nd ependent coi ls,
-
each h avi ng termi nals fro m wh i ch c urrents
are d eli v ered to th e i ndepeudent ex ternal c i r
cu i ts.
3. T h e system of electr ical d istri bu ti on con I z5
si sti ng of th e combi nati o n, wi th an alter nat
i ng c urrent generator h avi ng i nd ependent
energ i zi ng coi ls and an ar matu re wou nd wi th
-
i nd ependent i nd uced coi ls, of an alternati ng
c u rrent ex c i ter h avi ng i nd uced coi ls co rre I 30
spo nd i ng to and co nnec ted wi th t he energ i zi ng
'
coi ls of th e g enerator, and o ne or more electri
cat converters h avi ng i nd epend ent i nd uci ng
or ener i zi ng coi ls co nnec ted wi th th e corre
g
 8 Sh eets —Sh eet t.
N TBSLA
. .

aseuu ros ros ALTERNATE ousssur morons

'
.

P atented Oct 9. 1888

. .

A
TTORNEYS .
(l o l od et. ) 8 Sh eets—Sh eet 2
N TBSLA
.

. .

REGULATOR Poe ALTERNATE CURRENTmorons .

No . P atented Oct 9. 1888

. .

WITNESSES INV ENT

OR
 elc ctro m motor l rovided wi th an ti on a correspond ing i mpulse i n th e opposi te
ic
armatu re, commuta i
tor t, and h eld mag -
di recti on; h ence porti ons of th e c urrent wi ll
nets M. It i s well known th at such a motor, neutralise one anoth er.
i f i ts n '
eld ma eln cores be di vi ded up i nto
-
As before stated, th e mech ani cal construe
i nsu la te d sect ous, m a y be p racti call o
y pe r ti on o f th e d ev i c e may b e g reatly vari ed ; bu t 70
5
ated by an alternati ng cu rrent; but i n usi ng th e ementlal condi ti ons of th e i nv enti on will
my regulator wi th such a motor I i ncludeone be fulfilled i n any apparatus i n wh ich th e
element of th e motor only— say th e ar mature movement of th e elements wi th respect to 'one
coi ls—i n th e mai n ci rcui t of th e generator, anoth er attac h th esame results by vary i n th e
[ 0 maki ng th e conn ecti ons th rough th e brush es i nd ucti ve relati ons of th e two elements n a 75 g
and th e com mutator i n th e usual way. I also manner si mi lar to th at descri bed .
i nclud e one of th e elements of the regulator It may also be stated th at th e core E i s not
my th e s tati ona y c oi ls— i n th e same ci rcui t, i ndie mab le to th e O perati onof th e els
g
r
'

and i n th e ci rc ui t with th e secondary or mov tor °

at i ts presence i s ob v i ously h en c al
I
.

15 able coi l of th e reg ulator connect u p th e T h is reg ulator, h owever, h as anoth er valuable 80
neid c oi ls ol th e motor. I prefer to use flexi property i n its capabi li ty of reversi ng th emo.
‘
-

b le c ond uctors to make th e connections them tor, for i f th e coi l F be turned th rough a h all
'

th e secondary coil of th e reg ulator, as th ere I rev olu ti on th e posi ti on of i ts convoluti ous
by avoi d th e use of slid i n contacts or ri ngs relati v ely to th e two coi ls 0 C and th e li nes
30 wi th out i nterferi o wi th e req uisi te move of forc e i s reversed, and conseq uently th e 8
5
meat of th e core ph ases of th e c urrent wi ll be reversed . Th is
If th e later be i n i ts normal ti on,or will produce a rotati on of th e motor i nanop
th at i n w i ch i ts magneti c ci reu t is most posi te di recti on. Th is form of reg ulator i s
nearly closed , i t deli vers i ts maxi mum i nd uced also appli ed wi th g reat ad vantage to my sys
85 cu rrent, th e ph ases of wh ich so correspond tem of uti li zi ng alternati n currents, i u wh i ch
wi th th os e of th e pri mary cu rrent th at th e th e mag neti c poles of th e old of a motor are
m otor wi i i r un as th e h both lleld and arma prog ressi vely sh itted by means of th e co m
ture were exci ted by e main current. bi ned efi scts upon th e lleld ol mag neti zi ng
‘

To vary th e speed of th e motor to any rate coi ls i ncluded i n i ndependentci rc ui t s , th ro ug h

30 b etween th e mi ni mu m and maxi mum rates, wh i ch alternati ng currents i n p ro per or 93

th e core E and coi ls F are turned i n ei th er di der an relati ons to each oth er.
red i on to an extent wh i ch prod uces th e dc . In i llustration, let P represent one of my

" e odent coi ls, P

'
sired result, for i n i ts normal posi ti onth e con ge n era tors h avi ng tw o i nd
r elati ons of coi l F emb race th e maxi mum and P , on th e armature, an Ta d i ag ram of
number of li nes of force, all of whi ch act wi th a motor h avi n two i nde end ent energi zi ng .
35 p
th e - me ej ect upon sai d coi l h ence i t will coi ls or sets 0 cells, BB . O ne or th e c i r
b
deli ver i ts maxi m u m current; ut by turni n cui ts from th e generator, as S
’
i ncludes one
th e coi l F out of i ts posi tion of maxi mum o f set. BB ’
,
’
th e energi zi ng coils o i th e motor,
of -
’

feet th e nu mber of li nm of forceembraced by wh ile th e oth er ci rcui t, as S8, i ncludes th e

’

49 i t is d i mi nish ed . Th e i nd ucti ve el ect lath ers pri mary coi ls of th e regu lator. Th e second res
i ore i mpai red, and th e current deli vered by ary coi l of th e reg ulator i nclud es th e oth er
coi l F wi ll conti nue to d i mi ni sh i nproporti on cells, BB , of th emotor.

to th e angle at wh ich th e coi l F is turned un W h i le th e secondary coi l of th e ulator is

til, aiter passi ng th ro ugh an angle of ni nety i n i ts normal posi ti on i t prod uca b max i
deg rees, th e co nvolu ti ous oi th e cell wi ll b e at mum current, and th e maxi mu m rotary edect n o
‘

45
ri g h t ang les to th ose of coi ls 0 C, and th e i n
'
d ucti ve eli ect red uced to a mi ni mum.
Inc i d entally to certai n constructi o oth er
c ases may i nfluence th e v ariati on u th e
strength of th e i nd uced cu rrents. F or exam
i s i mparted to th e motor ; b ut th is cli ent wi ll
be di mi ni sh ed i n pr orti on to th e ang le at
wh i ch th e coil F or o
p e reg ulator is turned.
Th e motor will also be reversed by revers i ng
th e posi ti on of th e coi l wi th reference to th e r i
'

g
l
p ,e i n th e resent ca se i t wi ll be observed
. coi ls C
O, and th ereb reversi ng th e ph ases of
that b y th e rst movement of coi l F a certai n th e cu rrent prod o by the generator. Th i s
porti on of i ts couvolutious are carri ed nd ch anges th e d i recti on o f th e movement of th e
th eli n !tlre a m
“i a nes of th e ll of sh i lli ng poles wh i ch th e ar mature follows.

$5 force, g ? g
tllat t e m a i c path or c i ncni t O ne oi th e mai n ad vantages of th is plan of n o
for sai d li nes is i mpai h ence th e i nduct i ve regulati on i s i ts economy or power. W h en
‘

efisct would be redu N ext, th at alter th e i nd uced cell i s generati ng i ts max i mum
movi ng th ro ugh a certai n angle, wh i ch is oh current,th e maxi mum amount orenergy i n th e
viormly deter mi ned b th e relati ve di mensi ons pri mary cells is absorbed ; b ut as th e i nd uced
i n of th e bobbi n or coi F , di agonally op -
its coi l i s turned from i ts normal pos iti on th e r es
porti ons of th e cell wi ll besi multaueo y i n sell i nducti on of th e pri mary coils redu ces th e
-

cluded i n th e lleld , but i n such posi ti ons th at ex endi ture of ener and saves wer.
th e li on wh i ch prod uce a current-i mpulse i n p t is ob vi ous th m n practi ce th er cells 0
one porti on of th e coi l i n a certai n d i recti on 0 or coi l F may be used as pri mary or second
65 wi ll prod uce i n th e d iagonally opposi te por
-
ary, and i t i s well understood that th ei r rei a up
 p roduce l
py th e current for one of th e motor ci r
-

any or si mi lari ty i n th e i n as set forth

d nci ng and i nd uced cu rrents. wi th a motor adapted
on,
I am aware th at i t is not new to vary th e to be run o r operated b y alternati ng cu rrents
‘

'

3 secondary current ol an i nd ucti on coi l by mov

-
and p rovi d ed wi th i ud ndent e iai ng
i ng one cell wi th respect to th e oth er, and c oi ls, of a regulator cons “r onery
th ereby varyi ng th e i nducti ve relati ons nor f
i nd uci ng .coi ls and an i nd ucal coi l capable of
mally ex isti ng between th e two. Th i s do I
: a
bei ng rotated, wh rreby m y be tu n d tr a
not clai m. g re a te r or les s a i
ng e to ti! p r m ary cre;
o k or ts
I
W h at clai m h p o si ti on w i th resp ect th eret o reve ru d , th e in
l. Th ecombi nati on,with amotor h avi ng i n d uced coi l or coi ls bei ng i ncluded i n and
depend ent energ is ing ci rcui ts, of an alter nat
-
adapted to supply th e c urrent for one of th e
i c an not regulator, consisti ng, essentially, motor ci rcui ts, as set forth .
-

of nd uci ng and i nd uced coi ls movable wi th I

N K OLA T E LA.
res to one anoth er, wh ereby th e stren W h oama
of e i nd uced cu rrents be v ari ed, th e n Bo ar . F . Gav w nn,
d uced coi ls bei ng i ncl i n and adapted to
 UN I T E D STAT ES PA T E N T O FFIC E
NIK O LA TESLA,
O F N E‘
V Y O RK, N
M ETH O D O F O PERATIN G ELEC TRO N AG N ETIO M O TO RS.
m d w m
M au ra-“ rai ses. ra
To all w ho m i t conc er n..
Be i t known ti n t N m ou a au b m
j ect o f th e h pem r o f A us tri a, f ro m Sm i lj an,
Lika.b ord er country of Au stria Hungary , and -
5 r es idi n g at N ew Y or k
-
d n th e cou n ty and Statc
of N ew Y o r k, h av e i nvented c ertai n new and
usef u lI rn rov emc u ts i n N elh ods of O perati ng
Elec tro ag u eti c Moto rs , of wh ic h th e follo w
i ng i s a spec i fication, ref erence bei ng h ad to
the drawi ngs ac compa ny i ng and form ing a
As i s w ell known certai n forms of
, alternat
ing cu rrent m ach i nes h ave th e property , wh en
-
connected i n c i rcu i t w i th an alternati ng c u rL -
rent g enerato r, o f runni ng as a mo tor i n sy n
chroni s m th erewi th ; b u t, wh ilc th e ali en ati ng
current will ru n th e moto r af ter i t h as attai ned
a rate of speed sync h ro nous w i th th at o f th e
g e n er a to r,
i i w i ll no t s t art i t. H e nc e , i n all
instanc es h ereto f ore wh ere th a n sync h ro
nixi ng moto rs, as th ey are termed, h ave been
”
-
run some m eans h ave b een ad opted to b ring
th e motors u p to sy nch ro nism wi th th e g en
stato r, or appro x i mately 80 , b ef ore th e alter
h ati ng c u rrent of th e g enerato r i s appli ed to
dri ve th em . In som e i nstances m ec h ani cal
applianc es h ave been u ti lized f or th is p u r
p o s e. I n o th ers spe c ia l a n d co m pli ca te d f orm
of moto r h ave b een constru cted . I
h ave d i s
cov ered a m uch m o re si mple meth od or plan
q
of operating sy nch roni zi ng moto rs, wh ic h re
-
u i res prac ti cally no oth er apparatus th an
th e m oto r i ts elf . I n oth er words, by a cer
tai n ch ange i n th e ci rc ui t connecti ons of th e
-
moto r I convert i t at wi ll f ro m a d ou b le c i r
cui t m oto r, or su ch as I h ave descri bed i n
p ri o r pa te n t s a n d a pp li c ati on s , an d w h i ch w i ll
start u nd er th e ac ti on of an alternati ng c u r
rent i nto a sync h ronizi ng m oto r, or one wh i ch
-
will b e run b y th e generato r only wh en i t h as
reach ed a certai n speed of rotati on sy nch ro
nous wi th th at of th e generator. In th i s
manner I am enabled to v ery g reatly extend
th e appli cati ons of m y system and to secu re
all th e ad vantages of b oth f orms of alternat
rrent m otor
in
’
“
e exp ressi on sync h ronous wi th th at of
”
th e generato r, i s u sed h erein i n i ts ordi nary
—
ac ceptation th at i s to say , a motor i s said to
synch roni ze wi th th e generato r wh en i t re
serves a certai n relati ve speed d etermi n by
i s numb er of poles and th e nu mber of alter
.
. Y .
-
we sor m m
, m ta m s.
n s om s. meda
c l.)
nations pro d uc ed per re voluti on of th e er
ato r. Its actualspeed, th eref ore, may be
o r slower th an th at of th e generato r ; b u t i t i s 3 5
said to be sy nch ro nou s so lo ng as i t preserves
th e same reh ti ve speed .
In carry i ng ou t my i nv enti o n I to ns i l net a
-
moto r wh ic h h as a strong tend enc y to synch
ro nism w i th th e generato r. Th e co nstrue» 6°
ti on wh i ch I pref er f or th i s is th at i n wh ich
th e ar matu re is pro vi d ed wi th polar rai s e
p
tio ns. Th e field m ag nets ar e wou nd wi th two
-
sch of coi ls , th e term i nals of wh i ch are c on
nected to a s wi tch m ech anism , b means of 65
y
wh ic h th e li ne c u rrent may h e earned di rec tly
-
th ro u gh th e sai d coi ls or i nd i re c t w th ro n
path s by wh ic h i ts ph ases are modi fi ed . g:
start s u c h a moto r, th e swi tc h i s to m od o nto
~
a set o f contac ts wh ic h i nclu des i n one m oto r 70
c i rc u i t a d ead res i stanc e, i n th e oth er an i n
d ucti ve resi stance, and , th e two c i rcu i ts bei ng
i n d eri vation, i t is ob vio us th at th e d i ffere nc e
i n ph ase of th e c u rre nt i n such c i rc u i ts will
set u p a ro tati on o f th e mo tor. W h en th e 75
s peed of th e moto r has th us been b ro ug h t to
th e desi red rate, th e swi tch is sh i fted to th ro w
th e main c urren t di rec tly t hro ugh th e motor
c i rc u i ts , and alth o ugh th e cu rrents i n both
s c i rc u i ts will now b e o f th e sam e ph ase th e 80
mo to r wi ll conti nu e to r evolve, b ecom i ng a
tru e sy nc h ro nous moto r. To sec u re g reater
effic i ency , I wi nd th earm atu re or i ts polar pro
jec ti ons wi th coi ls c losed on th emselves.
Th ere are various mod i fications and i mpor 85
tant f eatu res of th is meth od or plan; bu t th e
-
m ai n pri nci ple of th e i nventi on wi ll b e u nder
stood f rom th e f oreg oi ng .
In th e d rawi ngs, to wh i c h I no w re fer, I
h ave illustrated by th e d iag rams th e general 90
f eatu res of construc ti on and o eratio n wh ic h
p
dis ti ngu i sh my i nventi on, F i gu re 1 bei ng
d rawn to i llustrate th e d etai ls of th e plan
ab ov e set f orth , and F i gs. 2 and 8 mo di fi ca
ti ons o f th e same.
Ref erri ng toF ig . 1, let Ad esi g nate th e fi eld
mag nets of a motor, th e lar projec ti ons of
B
D
wh ic h are wou nd wi th co is C i nclud ed i n
i nd epend ent ci rc ui ts, and th e armatu re
wi th polar projections wound wi th coi ls E roo
closed u pon th emselves, th e motor i n th ese
respec ts bei ng si mi lar i n constructi on to th ose
desc ri bed i n my patent, N 0 . dated
May 1, 1 888, b u t h av ing, b y reaso n o f th e
 polar j
p ro ecti o ns on
'

th e armature- core or
k
starti ng o f th e motor is more di mc ult and th e
k
y
oth er si m i lar and well nown f eatu res, th e d ead and i nd ucti v e resi stances m ust ta e up a
-

properti es of a s nc h roni zi ng moto r. cbnsi d erab le pro orti on of th e electro m oti v e

p
yI j 7o
- -

LL represent th e cond uctors of a li ne f rom

’
forc e of th ec i rcu i ts. Generall so ad ust th e

5 an alternati ng c u r rent generato r G.

-
cond i tions th at th e electro moti ve f orce u sed
-

N ear th e moto r i s placed a swi tch th e se in eac h of th e motor c i rc u i ts is th at wh i c h i s

-

ti on of wh i c h i s th at of th e one sh own i n th e q
re u i red to operate th e moto r wh en i ts c i r
d raw i ngs, wh i c h is co nstruc ted as f ollo ws : F
'
c u i ts are i n seri es. Th e plan wh i c h f ollow I 75
F are two cond u cti ng plates or arms, pi voted
by i n th i s casei s i llustrated i n F ig . 2 . In th i s
’

to at th ei r end s and connec ted an i nsulati ng

c ross bar, H, so as to h e sh i fted i n parallel
-

b
‘
j
d i ag ram th e moto r h as twelve poles and th e
arm ature h as polar pro ec tions D wou nd wi th
c losed coi ls E. Th e swi tc h used i s of sub
i s m . In th e path of th e ars F F i s th e con
’

tac t 2 , wh ic h f orms one termi nal of th e c i r stanti ally th e same constructi on as th at 80

c u i t th rou g h coils C , and th e contac t 4 , wh i ch sh own i nth eprevi ous figu re. Th ereare, h ow
B I
i 5 i s one term i nal of th e ci rc u i t th roug h coi ls .
Th e opposi te end of th e wi re of coi ls is con
nec ted to th e wi re Lor bar F , and th e corre
'
C by
ever, five contac ts, wh ich
th e ii
c u i ts B
res 5 , 6, 7, 8, and 9.
wh i ch i nc lud e alternate n
h av e desi g nated
Th e m oto r ci r
eid coi ls, -

sp ond i ng end of coi ls Bi s connected to wi re

b b are connec ted to th e term i nals i n th e f ollow 85
L and bar F ; h ence i t th e ars be sh i f ted so
'
i ng ord er : One end of c i rc u i t C i s connected
so as to h ear on contac ts 2 and 4 oth sets of to c ontac t 9 and to contac t 6 th rough a d ead
co i ls B C wi ll be i nc lud ed i n th e ci rc u i t LL
’
resistance, . I one termi nal of c i rc ui t is B
i n m u lti ple arc or d eri vati on. In th e path of
'
th e levers F F are two oth er contac t term i -
connec ted to contact 7 and to contact 6
th roug h a self i nd u cti on coil, . Th e oppo
-

b J 90
nals, l an d 3. Th e contact 1 i s connected to si te termi nals of oth c i rc u i ts are connec ted
z5 c ontact 2 th roug h an arti fic i al resi stance, , I to contac t 8.

J
and contac t 3 wi th contac t 4 th ro ug h a self
i nd u c ti on coil, , so th at wh en th e swi tc h lo
v ers are sh i fted onto th e poi nts 1 and 3 th e
-
One of th elevers, as F , of th e swi tc h is made
wi th an extensi on, f , or oth erwise, so as to
co ver both contac ts 6 and 6 wh en sh if ted i nto 95
c i rc u i ts of coi ls and B C
wi ll be connec ted i n th e posi tion to start th e motor Itwi ll be oh
.

m u lti ple are or d eri vati on to th e c i rc u i t LL, served th at wh en i a th i s posi ti on and wi th

’
3 0

y lever F on contact 8 th e c u rrent d i vi des b e

’
and wi ll i nc lu de th e resi stanc e and self i n -

d u c ti on coi l, respec ti vel . th i rd pos i ti on A tween th e two c i rc u i ts B C, wh ich f rom th ei r

di flerenc e i n elec tri cal charac ter produce a
of th e swi tc h i s th at i n wh i ch th e levers F and
'
F are sh i f ted ou t of contact wi th oth sets of
i nts In th i s case th e m o to r i s enti rel out
b y p ro g re ss i on o f t h e p ole s th a
i n rotati on. W h en th e motor h as attai ned
t s t ar ts th e m ot or
zoo

35 p o .

o f ci rc u i t.
Th e pu rpose and
by m anner o f operati ng th e
th ese d evi ces are as f ollows : Th e
th e roper speed , th e swi tch i s sh i fted so th at
th e evers cover th e contacts 7 and 9, th ere
connec ti ng ci rc u i ts Band C i n seri es. L
by
m o tor
no r mal posi ti on of th e swi tc h , th e moto r be fou nd th at by y
th i s d is os iti on th e m oto r i s
p
m ai ntai ned i n rotati on i n s nch roni sm wi th
h ave 10 5

4 0 ing ou t of c i rc u i t, i s oi! th e contac t poi nts

-
. .

Ass um i ng th e generator to be runni ng, and th e enerator. Th i s pri nci ple o f operation,
th at i t i s d esi red to start th e motor, th e swi tc h wh i c consists i n converti ng b y a ch ang e of
’

is sh i f ted u ntil its levers rest upon i nts 1 connecti ons or oth erwise a d ou b le ci rc u i t mo -
ro
Th e two motor ci rc ui ts are t s con
and 3
by to r or one operati ng b y aprog ressi ve sh i f ti ng
yy
-
.

n e te d w i th t h e e n e ator ci rc ui t; b ut rea of th e poles i nto an ordi nar s nch roni zi ng

y
45 c g r -

I
so n of th e presence of th e resi stance
and th e self i nd ucti on coi l J i n th e oth er th e
-
i n one
y
moto r may b e carri ed ou t i n man oth er
wa s. F or i nstance, i nstead of usi ng th eswi tc h
I
coi nc i d ence of th e ph ases of th e c u rrent i s
m L
d i s turb ed su c i ent y to prod uceaprogression y
sh own i n th e prev i ous fig ures,
tem porar g rou nd c i rcu i t etween th e gen b may u se a r r5

m
b y
s o o f t h e po l es ,
w h i c h st a r t
s t h e o to r i n rota c rator and moto r, i n order to start th e motor,
ti on

r o x i m
.

a te l
y y
W h en th e speed of th e moto r h as run
u p to s nc h roni sm wi th th e generato r, or ap
so th e sw i tch i s sh i f te d ov er onto
i nsu stanti all th emanner i nd i cated i n F i g 3.
Let G i n th is figu re represent an ordi nar
alternati ng c urrent generator wi th , say, two
.

y
p 1 co
-
,

M M
J
th e poi nts 2 and 4 , th us cu tti ng ou t th e coils
b d m
’
p o les a n an a r atu re w o u nd w i th
I
, ,
’
55 a n d , so th at t h e c u rrents i n oth c i rc ui ts two coi ls, N N , at ri gh t angles and connec ted
i n series . Th e moto r h as, f or exam ple, f ou r
h av e th e same ph ase; b u t the motor now ru ns
as a sy nch rono us moto r, wh i ch is well nown
y
to b e a ver desi rab le and emc i ent means of
k p o les w o u n d w i th co i ls
nected i n series and an armatu re wi th polar
BC , w h i ch are con

conv erti ng and transmi tti ng power .

p ro jec ti o n s D w o u n
jd w i th closed coi ls E E.
b
r z5

60 It wi ll b e u nderstood th at wh enb rought up

to s peed th e m oto r wi ll r un wi th onl one of
B
or 0 co nnec ted wi th th e mai n
y b
F rom th e com mon oi nt or u ni on etween th e
two c i rc u i ts of oth th e generator and th e
b
th e c irc ui ts moto r an earth connecti on i s esta li sh ed ,
or g enerator c ircu i t, or th e two ci rc u i ts m ay wh ile th e term i nals or ends of th e sai d c i rc u i ts 1 30
b e connec ted i n seri es. Th is latter plan i s are connec ted to th e li ne. Assu mi ng th at
b
6 5 pref era le wh en a c urrent h avi ng a h i gh
b y
th e motor i s a sync h ronizi ng m oto r or one
y
o

num ber of alternati ons per u ni t of ti m e i s em th at h as th e capa ili t of ru nni ng i n s nch

lo e d to d rive th e moto r. I n su h ca e th e roni sm wi th th e g enerato r, b u t no t of start
p y c s
 by
ing, i t m ay be started by
th e a ov e d esc ri ed b -
b I do not c lai m h erei n of i ts elf th e meth od
of or apparatu s f or operati ng a m otor wh i ch
apparatus
bb closi ng th e g ro u nd connec ti on
y
-

f rom oth generator and motor. Th e s stem f orms a part of t h is i nventi on and wh i ch i n
y
.

th us ecom es one wi th a two c i rc u i t generar -

v olves th e pri nc i ple of v ar i ng or m odi f yi ng

5 to r a n d m o to r, th e g rou nd f or mi ng a com m on

retu rn f or th e cu rrents i n th e two c i rc u i ts L ci rcu i ts , so as to prod u ce b

th e c u rrents passi ng th ro ugh th e energi zi ng
etween suc h c ur
and L. W h en
' '
by b
th i s arrangem ent of ci r
b
rents a d i iterenc e of ph ase.as th es e matters
cu i ts th e m otor i s
b k b
rough t to speed , th e

y w h bj
are d esc ri ed and c lai med b y m e i n oth er ap
f i
b
g r ou n d con n e ct i
-
on i s ro en etw een th e m o p li c a t i on s b u t i th t e o e c t o sec u r ng,
I
,
b road l , th e meth od as a wh ole wh i c h h ave
P ’
b
ei ng emplo ed f o r th i s y y
to r or generator, or oth , and g rou nd , swi tch es
P p
motor th en ru ns as a s nch roni zi ng motor.
u rpose. T he
-
h erei n set f orth
I
clai m is
.

1 Th e m eth od of operati ng an alternati ng

b
'

I n desc ri b i ng th ose f eatu res wh ich consti

I
tute m y i nv enti on h av e om itted i llu strati ons
j y y
cu rrent moto r h erei n d escr i ed b y first pro
“

of th e ap li ances u sed i n con u nc ti on wi th g r e s si v e l s h if ti n g o r ro t a ti ng i ts p o le s o r

p
th e elec tri cal d ev i ces of si milar s stems p o i n ts o f g re a te st a ttr ac ti on a n d t h e n, w h en

y
such , f or i nstanc e, as d ri v ing b elts ;fixed and th e m otor h as attai ned a gi ven speed , alters
b
-

loose pu lle s f or th e m oto r, and th e li e; b u t k nati ng th e sai d poles, as descr i ed .

2 . Th e meth od of operati ng an elec tro mag
b
th ese are m atters well u nd erstood .
by
-

In d esc ri i ng m y i nv enti on ref erence to neti c m otor h erei n d em ribed , wh i c h consi sts
I
spec i fic constr uc ti ons
derstood as li m i ti n m self to th e constru c
g
ti ons sh own ; and i n explanati on of my ln
y
d o not wish to be u n i n passi ng th rou gh independent energi zi ng
c i rc u i ts of th e m otor alternati ng c urre nts di f
f eri ng i n ph ase and th en, wh en th e moto r h as
I I
tent i a thi s respect would say th at may i n
suc h f orm s of apparatu s as h ave sh o wn i n
F i gs. 1 and 2 i nclu d e th e d ead red stance and
I coi nci d i ng i n ph ase, as d esc ri ed.
3. Th e meth od of operati n an electro mag
b
attai ned a gi ven speed , alternati ng c urrents

-
.

y
self i nd u c ti on coil i n ei th er ci rcui t, or use neti c m oto r h erei n d esc ri
by wh i ch consi sts
-

onl a d ead resi stanc e or a self i nd u cti on

yD i n starti ng th e moto r pag ing a lternati ng
-

coil, as i n th e v ari ou s wa s sh own i n m y ap

b c u rrents d ii f eri ng i n ph ase th rou gh i nd epend 80
p catio n, N o.
li filed ecem er 8, 1 888. ent energi zi ng c i rc u i ts and th en, wh en th e m o
I m ay also use any f orm of swi tc h , wh eth er to r h as attai ned a g i ven speed, joi ni ng th e en
manu al or au tom ati c, th at wi ll b y i ts mani p u erg izi ng c i rc ui ts i n seri es and pan i ng an al
-

lati on or operati on ettec t th e re u i red ch ange q ternati ng c u rrent th rough th e sam e.

4 . Th e meth od of operati ng a synch roniz
y
of connectio ns, and i n o rd er to sec u re th e
nec essar d i ff erence of ph ase i n th e two mo
to r ci rc ui ts on starti ng
-
I
m ay em plo any of y i ng moto r, wh i ch consis ts i n pan i ng an alter
-

nati ng cu rrent th rou g h i nd epend ent energi a

k
Ib
th e nown m eans f or th is pu rpose. i ng c i rc ui ts of th e m oto r and i ntrod uc i ng i nto
-

I
eli eve th at
by
am th e fi rst to operate elec
by
su c h c i rcu i ts a resistanc e and self i nd uc ti on
bb
-

tro mag neti c moto rs alternati ng cu rrents coi l, wh ere a di tterence of h ase etween 90
p
-

b
i n any of th e ways h erei fi su gg ested or de '
th e c u rrents in th e c irc ui ts W i ll b e o tai ned ,
sc ri ed — th at i s to say , b y pro d uc i ng a p ro and th en, wh en th e speed of th e m otor sy nch
g r ess i v e m o v em ent or rotati on of th ei r poles roni zes wi th th at of th e aerator, wi th

y a
or poi nts of greatest mag neti c attrac ti on b y d r wi ng th e resi stance an self i nd u c tion
-

by
th e alter nati ng c urrents unti l th e h ave 00
reac h ed a g i v en speed , and th en th e sam e
cu rrents prod u ci ng a si m ple alte rnati on of
th ei r poles, or, i n oth er words, b y a ch ange i n
th e ord er or ch arac ter of th e ci rcu i t c onnec -
W i tnesses
ti ons to convert a m otor perati ng on one O GEO M. Mom , .

W I H Li m os .
'

pu rpose d esc ri ed . b
princ i ple to one operati ng on anoth er, for th e . .
(l o l od ol.)

N T E S LA
. .

st sorso n srm o moron.

No. P at ent ed Ju ne 2 6. 1889 .

WITNES
SES:
 UN ITED ST ATES P AT EN T O F FICE.

N IKOLA TESLA , OF N EW YORK , N . Y ., ASSIGN OR TO THE TESLA ELECTR I C

COMPAN Y , OF SAME PLACE .

ELEC TRO M AG N ETIC M O TO R.

M ULTION M i ng part of m M t N o. dated Ju ne 95 , 1 889 .

Applicati M January 8.1 888. M ai l o. (l o model.)

To all wh om i t m ay One anoth er are mag neti zed si m ultaneously

Be i t k nown th at I N IKOLA Tu na f rom or approxi matel so th e sam e c u rrents
,

y by b
,

j y b y
.

Smil an Li k a ord er cou ntr of Austria Th is pri nci ple of Operati on I h ave em odi ed
, , ,

,
bj
,
A yi n a m otor in wh i c h I
b b
o tai n th e

5
Hung ar
tr i a , r es i
,

d i
a su ec t of th e E peror Of
ng a t
Y k
N ew Y k
or
State of N ew or , h ave i nvented certai n
, i n t h e
m
co u nt a
us
n d y prac t

i
i

n
ca

t
ll
necessar ang ular di splacement etween th e
y e a t e t m a n e t i a tt a c ti n i n th e
p o s 0 g r s g c r o
I
new and u sef ul mprov em ents i n Elec tro t w o e em e
l nt s o f th e m o to r— th e armature and
Mag neti c Motors, Of whi ch th e f ollowi ng i s a field— by th ed i rec ti onof th e lam i nati onof th e

y b
speci ficati on, ref erence ei ng h ad to th e d raw
ings ac compan i ng and f ormi ng s part Of th e
mag neti c cores Of sai d elem ents , and th e est
m eans Of accom pli sh i ng th i s result Of wh i ch
b
I I
h av e sh own i n th e
same.
Inord er to d efine m oreclearl th e relati ons y bj y
am at present aware
accom pan i ng d rawi ngs.
Fi g ure 1 i s a si de vi ew Of th e m otor wi th a
p re s e n t a pp li ca ti on b
wh i c h th e m otor f orm i ng th e su ec t of my
ea rs to
I
o th ers o f the rti on of i ts armature core exposed . Fi g . 2
-

b fly
class to wh i c h i t pertai ns,
ri e
wi ll recapi tu late
th e f o rms of alternati ng c u rrent m o -

b
s an end or edg e vi ew Of th e same.

b
a central c ross secti on of th e same, th e ar ms
-

y
F i g. 3 is

tors i nv ented b
y m e and d esc ri ed more i n
detail i n m pri or patents and applicati ons.
Of th ese ere are two pri nc i pal t pes or y
tu re ei n sh own mai nl i n elevation.
Let A d esi gnate two plates u i lt .u p of
th i n secti ons Or lam i na of sof t i ron i nsulated
b
forms : first, th ose contai ni ng two or moreen
erg izi ng c i rc u i ts th roug h wh i c h are caused to
a a
-

lt e n a ti n ents di fferi ng f rom one

g e t h e r byb
more or less from one anoth er and h eld to
o lt s
and sec ured to a h ase B
a o r an y o th e r su i ta ble m
Th e i nner faces of
ea n s
p s s r g c u rr .

anoth er i n ph ase to an extent su ffic i ent to

prod uc e a conti nuous prog ressi on or sh if ti ng
th ese plates contai n recesses or
D
wh i ch acoil or coi ls are secu red o li q uely to
ves i n

Ob b
est mag neti c ef
of th e poles or poi nts of g reat
Dy
th e di rec ti on of th e lam i nati ons. W i th i n
k b y bb
.

f ect, i n ed i enc e to wh i ch th e mova le ele th e cdils i s a d i s E, pref era l com posed

ment Of th e m otor i s m ai ntai ned i n ro tati on; of a spi rall wou nd i ron wi re or ri
-
on or a

fl b y
second , th ose contai ni ng poles or par ts of d if
f eront magneti c susc epti i li t , wh i ch u nd er
seri es of concentri c ri ngs and mou nted on a
sh aft F , h avi ng h eari ngs i n th e plates AA
Such a d evice wh en acted u pon by .

th e energ izi ng i n uenceof th e same c u rrent or

two c urrents coi nci di ng i n ph ase will exh i i t b b
nating c u rrent i s capa le of ro tati on and con
an alter so

differenc es i n th ei r mag neti c peri ods or sti tutes a motor, th e operati on of wh i ch I

ex
g m anner : Ac u rrent or
p h a s es . I n th e fir s t O f m
is d u e to th e m ag netism esta li sh ed ln di f
o to
b
by
rs th e to rq e
u
.
p l a i n ln th e f oll o
c u rrent i m pulse traversi n
-
w i n
th e coils D tends
f erent porti ons of th e moto r A and E, all of
fl
cu rrents f rom to mag neti ze th e cores
th e sam e or f rom i nd ependent sou rces, and
b
exh i i ti ng ti me d i flerences i n ph ase. In th e
q
wh i ch are wi th i n th e i n u ence of th e mag
neti c field Of th e coi ls. T h e poles th us es
second c lass th e to r ue results f rom th e en
erg izi ng efi ec ts of a cu rrent u pon parts of
th e m oto r wh i c h d i ff er i n m eti c suscepti
D
tabli sh ed wou ld naturally li e i n th e same li ne

y by
at ri gh t angles to th e coils , b u t i n th e plates
A th e are d eflected reason Of th e di rec go
il i —
b ty i n oth erword s, parts w ich respond to ti on of th e lam i nati ons and appear at or near
k
th e sam e relati v e d eg ree to th e ac ti on of a
y
'

th e extremi ti es Of sai d plates. In th e d is ,

cu r rent, not si m ultaneousl , b ut af ter d if h owever, wh ere th ese condi ti ons are not pres
f erent i ntervals of ti m e. In m y present i n ent, th e poles or poi nts of g reatest attrac ti o n
q
y
v enti on, h owev er, th e tor ue, i nstead of b ei ng
solel th e resu lt Of a ti m e d i ff erenc e i n th e
mag neti c peri ods or ph ases of th e les or at
are on a li ne at ri gh t an les to th e plane of
th e co ils ; h enc e th ere wi l h e a to r ue esta
li sh ed b y th i s ang ular displac em ent of th e
q b
k
duced by
trac ti v e parts to wh atever cau se u e, i s pro

b
an ang ular d i splac ement of th e
p o l e s o r m ag n et ic li nes, wh ic h starts th e d is
i n rotati on, th e mag neti c li nes Of th e armatu re
parts wh i c h , th ou gh m ova le wi th respec t to and field tend i ng toward a posi ti on Of paral
 leli sm . Th i s rotation is co nti nu e d and mai n part di rec tl , y by
means of an alternating cur

DD
tained b y th e rev ersals O f th e c u rrent i n coils
, w
h i c h ch ang e alternatel th e polari t
of th e field cores AA
y y
Th is ro tar tend enc
yy rent, m ag netism to th e cores of th e two ele

b
ments Of a motor, and b y th e d i recti on Of th e

y
'
-
. lam i nation of one or oth of th e sam e to pro
'
5 or e fi e c t w i ll b e g r ea t l i n c re a se d b y w i n d i ng d nee an ang ular displac em ent of th e poles or
k
th e d is w i th cond u c to rs G , c los ed u po n th em

y
selves and h av ng a rad i al d rrec tron, wh ereb
i y 1ve y
lin s O f m ag netic f orce of th e cores , respect
e .

I
y
th e m ag netic i ntensi t o f th e poles O f th e
k
dis wi ll b e g reatl i nc reased b y th e energ iz
W h at th eref ore clai m i s
An electro magnetic motor consisti ng of
-

y
by
'
ro i ng efi cct of th e c u rre nts i nd u c e d 1 n th e c o i ls a d ei d mag net, a ro tar armatu re, and a si n
-

G th e alte ati g c u
rn n r r e
nts i n coils l) . Th e g le c oil ad ap ted to b e co nn ec te d to a so urc e
O
p la n f w i
b
n d i n a n d t h e
y i n i l e f e ra
b
of alternati ng c u rrent s and to i mpart mag net
O g p r c p o p
tion h av e een f ull ex plai ned i n my patent, i sm to oth th e armature and th e field magnet -

NO. 382 ,2 79, 0 f May 1, 1 888 wi th ang ular d isplacement of th e max i m u m

k
.

Th e cores of th e d is and field ma or may

15

not b e Of di fierent mag neti c s usc ep h i li ty

y
th at i s to say , th e may b oth be of th e sam e
'
p o i nts, as set f orth .
2 . In an electro m1
nati on, wi th a coil
etic motor, th e com i
-

apted to be connected
b
k
p ro x i m a te l y
i nd O f i ron, so as to be mag netized at ap
th e s a m e i n st a n t by
th e co i ls D ;
w i th a sou rc e of alternati ng c u rrents, of a
nei d mag net and ro tar armature th e cores
-
y
by b
2 0 or one ma b e o f so f t i ro n a n d t h e o t h e r o f of w h i c h are i n such relation to th e coi l as
y
h ard , i n order th at a c ertai n ti me m ay elapse to be energ ized th ere and su di vi ded or
between th e peri od s of th ei r m ag neti zation . lam i nate d i n su ch manner as to prod uce an
In ei th er case ro tation w i ll b e p rod uced ; b u t ang ular d i splacement of th ei r poles or th e
k
u nless th e d is i s pro v id ed wi th th e closed
as energ i zi ng c oils i t re d es i rab le th at th e a ov e
-

desc ri b ed d i tf erencc Of m agnetic susc epti

b mag netic li nes th erei n, as set f orth
. 3. In an electro m
nation, wi th a coil
etic motor, th e com i
-

apted to be connec ted S o

.

b
y b
b i li ty be u tilized to assi st i n i ts ro tati o n . w i th a sourceof alternati ng c u rrents, of dei d
Th e cores of th e field and ar matu re m ay be q
b y
y q
made i n v ario us wa s, as will be well u nd er
mag nets wi th lami nati ons l i ng o li uely to
th e plane of said coi l and a ci rcular or d i s
b b k
m armatu re menu
b to rotate etween th e field
3 0 s to o d , i t e i n g o n l re u i s i te t h a t th e l a i n a
mag nets, oth flel and armatu re ei ng under
y
ti ons i n eac h be i n su ch d i rec ti o n as to sec ure
th e nec essar ang u lar d i splacement of th e
ti
fl
h e nag neti zi ng in uence of th e coil. as set
p oi nts Of g reatest attrac ti on. Moreo ver, si nce ort
k
th e d is m ay be co nsidered as mad e u p of an 4 . In an elec tro mag netic motor, th e combi
-

35 i nfini te nu m ber of rad i al arm s, i t i s 0b \ i O l18 nati on, wi th a coil ad apted to b e connec ted
k wi th a source of alternati ng c u rre nts, of n
th at w h at i s tru e O f a d i s h old s, u nder well
u nd erstood cond i tions, for m an oth er for ms y mag nets wi th lami nati ons l i ng o li u el to y
ei d 90
b q y
of arm atu re, and m y i nv ention i n th is respec t th e plane of th e coi l and a c i rcu lar or d isk
is i n no sense li mi ted to th e spec i fic f o r m of
40 armatu re sh own .

y b b
armatu re wi th spi ral or concentric lam ina
ti ons mounted etweenth edei d mag nets, oth -
b
It will b e u nderstood th at th e spec i fic wa s
Of carry i ng ou t th i s i nv enti on are alm ost wi th fl
field and armature ei ng u nd er th e magnet
i zi ng i n uence of th e coil as set f orth .
i b
y
ou t nu mb er, and th at, th erefore , I d o not li mi t 5 In an elec tro mag net c motor, th e com i
-
.

m self to th e p rec ise f o rm O f motor wh i ch I nation, wi th acoil ad apted to be connected to

45 h av e h erei n sh o wn.
I b Qi i O‘ e th at I
am th e fi rs t to prod uc e t o
a so urce of alternati ng c u rrents, of a field
m ag net and a rotar armature wi th closed KOO
b
coi ls th ereon, oth th e field and th e a
y
tation of an arm atu re , at least su c h as cou ld
be u ti lized fo r any general or prac ticab le pu r
oses, b y m eans of analternati ng c urre nt pass c oi l and lami nated to prod uce an ang u lar d is
rmatu re
b ei ng u nd er th e magneti zi ng i n uence of sai d fl '

p
5 ° i n g th ro u g h a s i n g le co i l o r s ev e r a l c o i ls a c t p la c em en t of th e po les of th e tw o
N KO L A TESLA. I
i ng as one, and wh ic h h avc a di rec t m ag net
izi ng c tf ec t u pon th e co res O f
I
b
oth armatu re
Enwas n T. Evans,
b
and field , and th i s c lai m i n i ts b road est sense.
I f u rth er eli ev e th at I
am th e first to i m GEORGE N . MO N EO .
0 I d ol.)
1 TB
. BLA .

m en or m a v en . rows! ru n n sslox
.

0. P atent ed Ju ne 2 5 . 1889 .
(l o Id ol.)
11 . m en .
" m ' m“

No . P at ent ed Dec. 3. 1889 .

 B th i s arrangement Of
wires II

ou nd c on
.

nect
W h en

i o n m
‘

b b speed , th e
roken etween th e gen
y
moto rs h erei n d escfi b ed , wh i ch consi sts i n
elec tr icall connec ti ng
th e i nd oc i n of th e generator and th e
gr -

erator or m otor or tc h es one

5 K K b ei ng
ru pti ng such connecti on, as set f orth .
'
2. Th e m ethod h erei n d escri bed of starti ng as
wh i eh
’

I l
i ntermediate
10 b
in detail; b u t i t will be enough to say th at th e
conv erti bili ty of th e system f rom d o u le ci r
cu it to sing le ci rc u i t is a f eatu re i n i tself Of
sists in
poi nts O f
and th e energ izi ng c i rc u i t Of th e m otor to
-

earth u ntil th e moto r h m reach ed th e d e fi ed so

I do not wish to be u nd erstood as confini ng speed and th en i nterrupti ng ei th er or h oth of
myself to th e preci se arra ngem ent or ord er Of th e g ro und c onnections, as set f orth .
-

set f orth , as th ese m

ay h e N IK OL A TESLA.
W i tnesses
EDW AR D T. Ev ans,
U
E. C . rsame.
-
(l o l odel.) 2 Sh eets ch est
-
1.
N TESL
. A.
ELEorso us essrm moron.

No . P at ent ed Dec. 3. 1889 .

(l o l od el.) 2 Sh eets—S
h eet 2
N . TBSLA
.

ELBOTBO MAGNETIO MOTOR.

Pat ent ed Dec . 3.
 sr arer

tains eff ec ts corres

by
nurng to th e resultant -

armatu re and field coils are mad e, as i nd i

b
ment. Th e c i rc ui t connec ti ons etween th e
p o les p ro d uc e d t e tw o field c i rc u i ts
b
-
.

F i g . .3 represents a d isposi ti on i n wh ich cated i n th e prev i ous fig ures, th rough rush es

5
b oth armatu re and field are wound wi th two
s ets of co ils, a ll i n m u lti ple arc to
m ai n c i rc ui t Th e armatu re coi ls are wound
.
t h e l i n
-
e or
of th e terms
“
b
and ri ngs, wh i c h are not sh own.
In th e a ov e d escri pti on I h ave mad e use
“
armature and field ; b ut i t
” ”

to co rrespond wi th th e field coi ls wi th respect

bq y
wi ll be u nd ersto od th at th ese are i n th i s case
-

to th ei r self i nd uc ti on. A modi ficati on Of

-
converti le terms, f or wh at i s tru e of th e
— field is e uall so of th earmatu re, except th at
th i s pl an i s sh o n w i n F ig 4 th at is to say,
th e two field coi ls and two arm atu re coi ls are
-
.

i n d eri v ati on to th emselves and i nseri es wi th

-
y
one i s stati onar , th e oth er capa le Of ro ta
ti on.
b
one anoth er. Th e armatu re c oi ls i nth i s case,
-
I do not clai m i nth i s applicati onth e meth od
or m eans of Operati ng ad ou b le c i rc u i t m otor
as i n th e previ ou s fig u re, are wound f or d i f
by
-

f erent self i nd uc ti on to correspond wi th th e

-
k
ma i ng i ts c i rc u i ts of di ff erent self i nd uc
-

fi eld coi ls.

-
ti on or i n any way retardi ng th e ph ases of
Anoth er mod i ficati on i s sh own i n F i g. 6.
y
I n th i s case onl one armatu m oi l, as
i nclu d ed i n th e li ne c i rc ui t, wh ile th e oth er,
-
, is D bj
current i n one ci rc u i t more th an i n anoth er,
h avi ng made th ese f eatures su ec t of oth er
applicati ons ; b ut
as C , i s sh ort c i rcu i ted .
-
W h at I clai m i s

y
I n su c h a di sposi ti on as th at sh own i n Fi g .
b 1 Inan alternati ng c u rrent motor, th e com
-
.

y
2 , or wh ere onl one armatu re coi l i s em i nati on, wi th field c i rc ui ts Of d i flerent self
y y
- -

q
p lo e d , th e to r u e o n
r ed u ced , wh i le th e tend enc
th e start i s s
y y
o m e
to s nch ronis m
is som ew h at i nc reased. I n so ch adi sposi ti on,
w h at i nd u cti ve capac it , of correspond i ng arma
ture c i rc ui ts electri call conuseted th erewi th ,
-

b
as sh own i n F i g 5 , th e opposi te cond i ti ons
b 2 . In an alternati ng c u rrent moto r, th e corn
-
.

wou ld ex ist. I n oth i nstances, h owev er, i nati on, w i th i nd epend ent d ei d coi ls of d i f
-

th ere is th e ad v antag e Of d i spensi ng wi th one f erent self i nd ucti on, Of i nd epend ent arma
-

contac t ri ng -
. ture c oi ls, one or more i n c i rc u i t wi th th e
-

D
I n F ig . 5 th e two field coi ls and th e arma field coi ls and th eoth ers sh ort c i rc u i ted , as set
- - -

tu re c oi l are i n m ulti ple arc . In F i . 6

g
Db f orth .
-

th i s d i sposi tio n is m odi fied, coil eru g I

N K OLA TESLA.
sh own i n se ri es wi th th e two field co ils. -
W i tnesses :
.

I b
F i g 7 i s an ou tli ne of th e g eneral f orm of
m otor i n wh i ch h av e em od i ed th i s i mpro ve
RO M . F . GAY LO RD ,
F aAN x E. HARTLE Y.
(1 0 3 Sh eets—Sh eet l.
N TESL
. A .

EH OD OPOPERATING ELBOI BO I AOEBTIO MOTORS.

''
I

No . P at ent ed Dec . 3, 1889 .

a ll “
 UN I T ED ST ATE S PATEN T O FFICE .
I
N KOLA TESLA, OF N EW YORK , N. Y ASSIGN OR TO TH E TESLA ELECTRI C
C OM PAN Y , OF SAME PLAC E .

M ETH O D O F O PERATlN O ELEC TRO -

M AG N ETIC M O TO RS.

m u n c h! formi ng part of I o ttsrs Patent N o. dated D ecember 8, 188 9 .

Application filed b y so, me . su m t o. a.model.)

To all wh om i t m ay
k
Be i t nown that , N I OLA TESLA, a su bI K
( i t i s no t n e c e ss ar t o yco ns id e r an y c a se w h ere

j cet of th e Em peror of A ustria, f ro m S

yY
Li ka, bord er cou otr of Austria H ung ar , and
mil an,
-
yy j by
th ere are more th an two c i rc u i ts
reason of th ei r d i ff erent self i nd ucti on,
sec ure a d i ff erence of ph ase etween th e two b
wh i ch , 5 5
-

k
s a resi d ent of N ew
YI k
or , i n th e count and
State of N ew or , h ave i nvented certai n
new and usef ul m pro vements i n Meth ods of -
c urrents i n th e two b ranch es th at prod uces
a sh if ti ng or rotation of th e poles. B
alternati ons of c urrent oth er c u rrents are 60
y th e

Operati ng Elec tro Mag neti c Moto rs, of wh i c h

-
i nd uc ed i n th e c losed—or sh ort c i rc ui tod
.
-

th e f ollo wi ng i s a spec i fication, reference be

y armatu re coi ls and th e moto r h as a strong
-

i ng h ad to th e d rawi ngs acc ompan i ng and q

to r u e. W h en th e d esi red speed i s reach ed ,
formi ng a part of th e same. th e sh untaro und th earm ature c oils i s opened
b
-

In a patent g ranted to me Apri l 16, 1 889, and th e current d i re c ted th rough oth arma 65
I U
No. h ave sh own and d esc ri bed a
meth od of starti ng and operati ng s nch ro y tu re and field coi ls

y
ti ons th e m otor h as a strong tendenc
. nd er th ese condi
to y
nixi ng m otors wh i c h i nvolved th e transfo rma
ti on of th e m otor f ro m a tor ue to a s nch ro
nizi ng m oto r. Th is I
q y s nch ronism.
In th e dr awings h ereto annexed h ave I
h ave h eretofore d one
by ac h ang e of th ec i rc u i t c onnec ti ons, wh ere
by on th e start th e poles or resultant attrae
-
b
i llustrated several mod i fications of th e plan 70
a o ve set f orth f or operati ng
fig u res are d iag rams, and will be explai ned
otors . T
m he

tion of th e field m ag nets of th e motor were

-
i n th ei r ord er.
shi f ted or rotated by th eac ti on of th e c u rrent F ig u re 1 : Aand Bd esi gnate th e field coils -

As th eci rcui ts including th ese 75

u nti l th e moto r reac h ed sy nch ronous speed,
af ter wh ic h th e poles were merel alternated .
Th epresentapplicati onis b ased u ponanother
y of th e m otor.
coi ls are of d i fferent self i nd uction,
re resented th is b y a resi stance coi l R i n ci r
-
h ave I
p
-

h A, a S
b
way of accompli sh i ng th i s res ult, th e mai n t w i t n d a e lf i n d ti n il
yi »
c u r s -
u c o co u c r
cu i t wi th B Th e sam e res ult ina of urse
features eing as f ollows : If an alternati ng
current B e ssed th rough th e field coils onl
fiz
-
y be sec ured
.

byth e wi nd i ng of th e coils. C is 80
th e armatu re c i rc ui t, th e termi nals of wh i c h
of a moto r v i ng two energ izi ng c i rcu i ts of
b
- -

different self i nd uc ti on and th e armatu re

-
are ri ngs or b. B ru sh es c d ear on th ese
coils be sh ort c irc u i ted , th e moto r will h ave a
D
r i ngs and connect wi th th e li ne and field
-

q
y
strong tor u e, bu t li ttle or no tend ency to
s nc h ro ni sm wi th th e generator ; b u t if th e
c irc u i ts . i s th e sh unt or sh ort ci rc ui t
aro u nd th e armature. E i s th e swi tch th ere 85
i n Th e operati on of th ese d evi ces I
same c urrent wh ic h energ izes th e field b e
p a ss ed a lso
yb y
t h rou g h th e a rm a tu
tendenc to rem ai n i n s nch ro nism i s ver
r e coi ls
yth e -

y
.

b b
stated a o ve.
It wi ll b e o served th at i n s uch a d isposi
h ave

i nc reased. Th is i s d ue to th e
consi d era l
b
tion as is i llustrated i n F ig 1 , th e field c i r -
.

f ac t th at th e max i m u m m ag neti c eflects pro c ui ts Aand B ei ng of d i d erent self i nd uc 90

y
-

duced i n th e field and armature more nearl

coi nci d e. Th i s pri nc iple di scovered
O
h ave u tili zed i n th e perati on of motors. In
me by I ti on, th ere wi ll always b e a greater lag of

y
th e c u rrent i n one th an th e oth er, and
th at, generall , th e armature ph ases wi ll not
I
b
other words, constr uct a moto r h avi ng i n correspond wi th ei th er, b ut wi th th e result

j
depend ent field c i rcu i ts of d i ff erent self ln ant of oth . It i s th eref ore i mportant to ob 95
- -

ducti on, wh i c h are oi ned i n d eri vati on to a serve t h e proper r ule i n wi nd i ng th e arma
sourc e of alternati ng c u rrents . Th e arma tu re. F or i nstance, i f th e motor h ave eigh t
I
tu re wi nd wi th one or m ore c oi ls, wh i c h are p o l e s— f o u r i n ea c h c i rc u i t— th ere w ill b e f ou r

b
connected wi th th e field co i ls th rou g h contac t res ultant poles, and h ence th e armature wi nd
- -

ru sh es, and arou nd th e armatu re

ri ngs and
coi ls I
arrange a sh u nt wi th m eans f or open
i ng or closi ng th e same. In starti ng th i s m o
i ng sh ould be suc h as to prod uce f ou r poles, rec
i n ord er to consti tute a tru e s nc h roni zi ng
m oto r.
y
I
tor close th e sh u nt around th e arm atu re F i g 2 : Th is d i ag ram d i ffers f ro m th e pre
coils, wh i c h wi ll th erefore be i n closed c i r v i ous one only i n respec t to th e ord er of con

b
cui t. W h en th e c urrent i s d i rec ted th rough
th e motor, i t di vi des etween th e two c i rc ui ts,
nec ti ons. In th e resent case th e armatu re 1 0 5
coi l, instead of b e u g i n seri es wi th th e field
 Th e a
coi ls, i s i n m ulti ple arc th erewi th at th e same ti me th e condi ti ons are such th at
y
s
t .

y y y
matu re wi nd i ng may b e si mi lar to th at o f th e
-
th e motor comes out of s nch ronism more
field — th at i s to say , th e arm atu re may h ave readi l . To i nc rease th e tend enc to s nch
two or m o re coi ls wou nd or ad apted f or d if ro ni sm , two c i rc u i ts m ay b e used on th e arm a

5 ferent self i nd uc ti on and ad apted , pref era ture, one of wh i c h i s sh ort c i rc ui ted on th e
- -

y
bly , to prod u ce th e same d i fferenc e of ph ase start and b oth connec ted wi th th e ex ternal
as th e fi eld coi ls -
O n starti ng th e moto r th e
. c i rc u i t af ter th e s nch ronou s speed is reac h ed
sh u nt i s c losed aro u nd both coi ls Th i s i s . or passed . Th is d isposi ti on is sh own i n F i g .
5 . Th ere are th ree contac t ri ngs a b e and
sh ow n i n F i g 3, i n wh i c h th e ar matu re c oils
b
- -
.

to are F G . To i nd icate th ei r d i ff erent elec th ree rush es c d f , wh i ch connec t th e arm a

I
y
tri c al c h arac ter, h ave sh o wn i n c i rc u i t wi th tu re c i rc u i ts wi th th e external c i rc u i t. O n
-

'

b
th em , respec ti vel , th e res i stanc e R and th e starti ng , th e swi tc h II i s tu rned to co mplete
self i nd u c ti on coi l S
-
'
Th e two armatu re coi ls
. th e connec ti on etween one b i nd i ng pos t P -

are i n seri es w i th th e d ei d coi ls and th e sam e -

and th e field coi ls. Th i s sh ortr c i rc u i ts o ne
-

1 5 d i sposi ti o n of th e sh u nt o r sh ort c i rc u i t D i s of th e arm atu re c oi ls, as G. Th e oth er coil

-

u sed . I t i s of ad vantag e i n th e o perati onof m o F i s ou t of ci rc u i t and open. W h en th e

b b
tors of th i s k ind to co ns tru c tor w i nd th e arma
-
moto r i s u p to speed , th e swi tch H i s tu rned
k
tu re i n s uc h m anner th at wh ensh ort c i rc u i ted
yy ac , so th at th e connec ti on f rom i nd i ng
-

post P to th e d eld coi ls is th ro ug h th e c oi l

on th e s tart i t wi ll h av e a tend enc to reac h a
by
-

2 0 h i h er s eed th an th at wh i c h s nc h roni zes

g p G , and swi tch K i s c losed , th ere i nc lud i ng
w i th th e g enerato r F or exam ple, a g i ven m o
. coil F i n m u lti ple arc wi th th e field coi ls -
.

Both armatu re coi ls are th us ac ti ve

tor h av i ng , say , ei g h t poles sh o uld r u n, w i th
b
-
.

th e arm atu re c oil sh ort c i rc u i ted , at two th o u

y
F rom th e above d esc ri ed i nstanc es i t i s
- - -

y
sand rev olutions per m i nu te to b ri ng i t u p to
2 5 s nc h ronis m It wi ll g enerall h appen, h ow
. y evi d ent th at man oth er d sposi ti ons f or car
i
ry i ng ou t th e i nv ention are possi le
I d o not clai m h erei n th e meth od and
b .

ever, th at th i s s peed i s not reac h ed , owi ng to

y
th e f ac t th at th e ar matu re and field c urrents
do not properl correspo nd , so th at wh en th e m otor by
means desc ri bed and sh own f or operati ng a
prod uci ng arti fici all a d i ff erence y
current i s passed h roug h th e ar matu re (th e

30 moto r not bei ng q

y
u i te u p to s nc h roni sm
“
y of cu rrent ph ase i n i ts i ndepend ent ener

g i zi ng c i rc ui ts ; nor d o
-
c lai m , b road l , a
m otor h av i ng i nd epend ent energ i zi ng c i r
I y
th ere i s a li ab i li t th at i t would not h ol -

on, as i t i s ter m ed .
”
I
th eref ore pref er to so c u i ts of d i fferent se lf i nd u c tion and arm a -

wi nd or constr u c t th e m otor th at on th e start, tu re c i rc u i ts co nnec ted therewi th , as th ese

-

wh en th e arm atu re coi ls are sh ort c i rc tti ted ,

- -
f eatu res are m ad e sub ec ts of oth er appli ca j
I
y
35 t h e m o to r w i ll t e n d to re ac h a sp e ed h i h
g er ti ons wh i c h h ave filed .
—
y
th anth es nc h ro no u s as, f or i nstance, d ou b le W h at I clai m i s’

th e latte r. In su c h case th e d i ffic u lt ab o v e 1. Th e m eth od h erei n d esc ri bed o f operat

allu d ed to i s not f elt, f or th e motor wi ll al
y y
i ng alternati ng c u rrent m oto rs h av i ng i nd e
-

way s h old u p to s nc h roni sm i f th e s nc h p e n d ent ener i zi ng c i rc u i ts , wh i c h co nsi sts

g
-

4 0 rou ons speed i n th e case su pposed of two

-
i n sh ort c i rc u tti ng th e ar mature ci rc u i t o r
-

—
th ou sand revolu ti ons i s reach ed or passed .
Th i s may b e accom plish ed i n vari ou s wa s ; y y
c i rc ui ts u nti l th e motor h as reac h ed or passed
a s nc h roni zi ng speed and th en connec ti ng
sai d arm atu re c i rc ui ts wi th th e exter nal c i r
b ut f or all prac ti cal purposes th e f ollo wi ng -
I IO

I
wi ll su mce: wi nd on th e arm atu re two sets
y
cu it, as set forth .
I 2 . Th e m eth od of operati ng al ternati ng
y
4 5 of coi ls. On th e start sh ort c i rc u i t one onl ,
th ereb prod uci ng a nu m er of poles on th e b c u r rent motors h av i ng fiéld coi ls of di fi erent
’ -

b y
arm atu re, wh i c h wi ll tend to r u n th e speed up self i nd u cti on, wh i ch consi sts i n d i rec ti ng al
-

a ov e th e s nc h ronous li m i t
li m i t i s reac h ed or pa
W h en su c h
ssed , th e c ur rent i s d i
. ternati ng c u rrents f rom an ex ternal sou rc e
th ro u gh th e field c i rc u i ts onl u nti l th e m o
-
y
5° rooted th rough th e oth er c oil, wh i c h , b y i n tor h as reac h ed a g i v en speed and th en d i
b
y
creasi ng th enu mb er of arm atu re poles, tends -
rec ti ng said c u rrents th ro ug h oth th e field
to m ai ntai n s nc h ro ni sm In F ig 4 suc h a . . c irc ui ts and one or m ore of th e arm atu re c i r -

disposi tion i s sh own: Th e m otor h avi ng , c u i ts, as set f orth .

say , eigh t poles contai ns two field c i rc ui ts A -
3. Th e m eth od of operati ng alter nati ng
$5 and B , of di ff er e n t se lf i nd u c ti on T h e
-
a r m s . c u rrent m otors h av i ng field coi ls of d i lf erent -

ture h as two coils F and G. Th e f orm er i s self i nd u c ti on, wh i ch co nsi sts i n d i rec ti ng al
-

closed u pon i tself , th e latter connec ted wi th
th e field and li ne th ro u h contac t ri ngs a b,
ternati nv currents fro m an ex ternal sou rc e
-
z
th rou g h h e field c i rc u i ts and sh o rt c i rc u i ti ng
- -

b rush es c d, and a swi tc E. O n th e start apart of th earm ature c i rc u i ts, and th en wh en -

b
60 th e coil F alone i s ac ti v e and th e motor tends th e m oto r h as attai ned a g i ven speed di rec t
to run at a speed a o ve th e sy nc h ronou s ; b u t i ng th e alternati ng c u rrents th ro ugh bo th th e
wh en th e coil G i s c onneo t w ‘ 1
h c c i rc l' wt and a eor more of th e arm atu re c i rcu i ts,
g
-

th e number of arrmt t '

1 fo rt
wh ile the motor i s NI KOLA TESLA .

65 motor . Thi s d is t ttnesses :

that th e closed R oar l ( i AYLO RD,
.

th e motor lo t u -
F ar m: E HARTLEY. .
(llo l odel )
N TB SLA
.

. .

srscr ao MAGNETIC moron.

No . Pat ent ed Dec . 3. 1889 .

 UN IT ED STAT ES PATEN T OFFICE .

NIK O LA TBSLA, OF N EW Y OR K, N . Y ., ASSIGN OR TO THE TE LA ELECTR IC

C OM PAN Y , OF SAME PLAC E

E LEC TRO - MAG N ETIC M O TO R .

m m w aw m rm datad D ec em b c a, 1 88 0 .

m m nm m n m
’

u a (l s -d d .)

to all w h om it m y com m . th e i nvention of a mo tor h avi ng th e f ollo w

Bo i t k no wn th at i , N u c u M a sub i ng general ch arac teristi cs : Th e c oils whi c h
ju st of th e Emperor o f Austria, f ro m Sm i l an, j are i nc lud ed i n th at energi zi ng c i rc ui t whi c h -

m u r d er cou ntry of Austrisf Hunga I

re i s to h ave th e h i g h er self i nd u c tion mak e of
y
-

5 i di ng at N ew York, i n th e cou nty and tate

of N ew Y coarse wi re, o r a cond u cto r o f relati vel lo w
I
b
ork . h ave i nvented c ertai n new and res istanc e, and u se th e g reatest possi b le

h a s, o f wh i c h th e f ollowi ng is a speci ficap

ti on, ref erence b ei ng h ad to th e ac c om pan y
length or nu m er of tu rns. In th e o th er set o f
c oi ls I
use a com parati vel f ew tu rns o f finer
‘
wi re or awi re of h ig h er res is tanc e. F u rth er
y
rc i n g d rawi ngs. m ore, i n ord er to appro xi m ate th e mag neti c 6c
Th is invention relates to alternati ng c u r -
q uanti ties of th e poles exci ted b y th ese coils,
rent m otors of th e general d esc r i pti on i a I u se i n th e self i nd u cti on c i rc u i t cores muc h
-

y
h i c h two or more en
vented b y m e, and i n longer th an th ose i n th e oth er or resi stanc e
I
erg izi ng c i rcu i ts are em lo ed; th roug h wh i c h c i rc ui t.
y
h ave sh o wn i n th e d rawi ngs a mo
-

1
5 alternati ng cu rre nts d rif eri ng i n ph ase are to r em bod i ng th ese f eatu res .

pag ed, wi th th e result of prod uci ng a pro Fi g ure 1 is a parts ec tio nal vi ew of th e mo
g r an i v o sh i f ti ng o r ro tati o n of th e poles or tor at ri gh t ang les to th e sh af t. F ig . 2 is a
poi nts of maxi mu m attrac ti ve s h eet. d i ag ram of th e field c i rc u i ts . -

In prior patents and appli cations I

h av e In F i g. 2 , let A re pres ent th e coi ls i n
shown and d esc ri b ed v arious fo rms o f m otors one moto r-c i rc u i t, and Bth ose i n th e oth er.
ki nd. Among th em are m otors i n Th e c i rc u i t A i s to h ave th e h ig h er self i n
of th is
y
-

which b oth energi zi ng c i rc ui ts are elec tri call

-
d uc ti on. I
th eref o re use a long length or a
ali ke—th at is to say , both h ave th e same or
y
approxi matel th e same elec tri cal resi stance
35 and self i nd u cti on— i a th e o erati on of wh i c h
large nu mb er of tu rns o f coarse wi re i n f orm
i ng th e coi ls of th i s c i rc u i t. F or th e c i rc ui t
B
p
y , I use a sm aller cond u cto r, o r a cond uc to
r
- -

fire ali en ati ng c urrents u sed are pri mari l of a h i g h er resi stanc e th an copper, such as
of di fferent ph ase. I n oth ers th e d i flerenc e
y
of ph ase i s arti fic iall prod u ced — as, f or i a
stanc a i n cases wh ere th e m otor c i rc u i ts are
-
German si lver or i ro n, and wi nd th e coi ls wi th
f ewer tu rns. In ap pl i ng th esecoils to a mo
I
to r b u i ld u p a field m ag net of plates C , of
-
y
b
3° of di ff erent resi stance and self i nd uc ti on, so
by D
i ro n or steel, sec u re d tog eth er i n th e us ual 80
-

that th e same c u rrent di vi d ed etween th em manner b olts . Eac h plate i s f ormed

will b e retard ed i n one to a g reater ex tent wi th f ou r (m ore or less) long cores E, arou nd
q
th an in th e oth er, and th e re u isi te ph ase d if
ferenc e sec u red i n th i s way . To th is latter
y q b
wh i ch i s a spac e to rec ei ve th e coil and an
e u al nu m er of sh o rt pro ec ti ons F to rec ei ve
th ecoils of th e res istance c i rc u i t. Th e plates
j
35 oh m g enerall my presen t i nventi on relates.
y
-

Th e lag or rotation of th e phases of an al

y y
ternati ng c urrent is d i rectl proporti onal to
th e self i nd u cti on and i nversel proporti onal
-
are g enerall annular i n sh ape, h avi ng an
open space i n th e center for re c ei vi u
I
armatu re G, wh i c h pref er to wi nd wi th 0 used
th e

A
fl
to th e resi stanc e of th e ci rc u i t th rou g h wh i ch
4° th e cu rrent ows. H ence, i n ord er to sec u re
th e pro per diff erence of ph ase etween th e b
coi ls. n alternati ng c u rrent d i vi d ed be
tween th e two c i rc u i ts i s retard ed as to i ts
A
to a m uch g reater ex
ph ases i n th e ci rc u i t
two moto r c i rcu i ts, i t i s d esi rab le to ma e th e
-
k tent th an i n th e c i rc u i t . B B
y reason of th e
self i nd uc ti on i n one mu ch h i g h er and th e re
-
relati v e si zes and di sposi ti on of th e cores and

yq
sistance m u ch lower th an th e self i nd u c ti on coi ls th e m ag neti c eflec t of th e poles E and
y
-

45 and res istance, respec ti vel , i n th e oth er. At F u pon th e armatu re closel appro xi m ate.
Th ese cond i tions are well u nderstood and
th e same ti me th e m ag neti c uanti ti es of th e
two poles or sets of poles wh i ch th e two c i r
cui ts prod uc e sh ould b e approxi m atel e u al. y q A
y
read il sec u red by
one s i ll d i n th e ar t.
n i m portant result sec u red
e k
th e eon
r
by
I
Th ese req ui rements , wh i ch h ave f ound to
.
stru cti on h erei n sh o wn of th e m otor is, th at
5 exist i n m otors of th i s k i nd , h ave led m e to
° th ese coils wh ic h are d esi g ned to h ave th e 1 0 °
 high er self -

by
i nd u cti on are almost completel y an excess of 00pper or cond ucto r over th at i n
surrou nd ed b y rro u ,
y wh ic h th e retardation
b
th e oth ers, as set f orth .
3. Th e com i nati on, wi th a field m ag net
is consi d erab l i nc reased .
b y
-

1 do not clai m h erei n, ro ad l , th e meth od

5 and means of sec u ri ng rotati on b y arti fic i all y co mposed of magneti c plates h avi ng an open
c enter and pole pi eces o r some of d i n
-

length , of coi ls surro u nd i ng said cores and

erent
-

produc i ng a g reater lag of th e c u rrent i n one

motor c i rc u i t th an i n th e oth er. nor th e use
-
i nclu ded i n i ndepend ent ci rc u i ts, th e coi ls on
of poles o r cores of di ff erent mag neti c sus th e longer cores contai ni ng an exc ess of cop
I
y b
eepti b i li ty , as th ese are f eatu res wh i c h h ave p er o ve r th at i n th e oth ers, as set f orth .

spec iall c lai m ed rn oth er applicati ons filed 4 . Th e c om i nati on, wi th a field mag net
’
-

by me com pose d of mag neti c plates h av i ng an open

I
W h at c latm is ce nter and pole pi eces or cores of d i flerent
-

1. An alternati ng c u r rent motor h avi n len , o

f coils surrou ndi ng said cores and

b
two or m ore energ izi ng ci rc u i ts, th e coi ls 0
-
nd ed i n i nd ependent c i rc ui ts, th e coi ls on

bby
th e longer cores contai ni ng an excess of 00 p
one ci rcu i t ei ng com posed of cond uc tors of
large si ze or low resi stance and th ose of th e per over th at i n th e oth ers and ei ng set i n .

other of f ewer tu rns of wi re of smaller size or rec esses i n th e i roncore f or med th e plates.
high er resistanc e, as set f orth . as set f orth .
2. In an alternati ng c u rrent motor, th ecom
-
I
N K OLA TESLA.
zo binati on wi th lon
, g and sh ort field cores, of
-
W i tnesses
energizi ng c oi ls i nc lu d ed rn i nd epend ent ci r
-

cui ts, th e coi ls on th e long er cores contai ni ng F ans: E. Ham “ .

 UN I T ED ST ATE S PAT E N T OFFIC E .

I
N KOLA TESLA OF N EW YORK N . Y ., ASSI GN OR TO TH E TESLA ELECTRIC
Y
, ,

C OMPAN , OF SAME PLACE .

ELEC TRIC M O TO R.

m eal tort f orm i ng part or Lsttsrs

-
m eN o . a nd Decem b er a, rose .

Annual-a i ls! n a m e w as. . (l o -ow

119 all w h o m i t m a f ro m th e oth er element; b u t i n m otors i n

k
Be i t nown th at e ona TEBLA, a su b y wh i c h th e coi ls of b oth armatu re and field
ject of th e E mpero r of Au stria, f ro m Smi l an,
yk
Like, b ord er countr of Au stri a H u ngar ,
jy are c onnec ted wi th th e external c i rc u i t th e
res ult c an b e muc h m ore perf ec tl ob tai ne . yj
d
y
-

Y
s resi d i ng at N ew or , i n th e cou nt and State In f urth er explanati on of m y ob ect let i t 5 5
of N ew Y k
or , h ave i nv ented certai n new and
usef u l I m provem ents i n Elec tr
b e ass u m ed th at th e energ as represented i n y
M th e m ag neti sm i n th e field of agi ven m otor
o ag n eti c
Motors, of wh i c h th e followi ng i s a spec i fica y
is ni net and th at of th e arm atu re ten. Th e
q
su m of th ese u anti ti es wh i c h represents th e
Th is y
to tal energ ex pended i n d ri vi ng th e m otor, 6 0
i nventi on relates to th e alternati ng
by
ro
i s one h u nd red ; b ut, ass um i ng th at th e m oto r
y
'

current elec tro mag neti c motors i nvented

-

me, i n wh i c h a rog ress i ve sh i f ti ng or re

p
b e so construc ted th at th e energ in th e field
is r ep resented b y fif t and th at i n th e arm ay
by
tati en of t h e po es o r poi nts of max i mu m
mag neti c effect i s p rod uced th e acti o n of tu re by fif ty , th e su m i s sti ll one h u nd red ;
I
.

Th ese m oto rs b u t wh ile i n th e fi rst i ns tance th e p rod uc t is 65

y y
rs th e alter nati ng c u rrents.
ni ne h u nd red , i nth e second i t i s two th ousand
have constru c ted i n a g reat v ari et of wa s.
I
As i nstanc es, h av e b u i lt moto rs wi th two or five h u nd red , and as th e energ d ev eloped i s y
more energ i zi ng ci rc u i ts, wh ic h
-
connec ted I i n propo rti on to th ese prod u c ts i t i s clear th at
th ose m otors are th e m ost emc e —
b
oth er
by
up wi th co rrespond i ng c i rc u i ts of agenerato r i n t
— q
ei ng e ual ln wh i c h th e m ag netic 7o
y
so so th at th e m otor wi ll be ener ized alt er th i ngs
g
nati ng c u rrents d i ff eri ng pr i mar il i n ph ase energ i es d eveloped i n th e armature and field
q I
.

I h av e also b u i lt m otors wi th i nd epen d ent aree u al. Th ese resu lts ob tai n b y us i ng
th e sam e am o unt of copper or ampere tu rns
energ izi ng c i rc u i ts of d i ff erent elec tric al ch ar
b
-

I
acter or self i nd uc ti on, th rough wh i c h h ave i n bo th elements wh en th e cores of
y
oth are
-

q
y
passed an alternati ng c u rrent th e ph ases o f
by b
e ual, or appro xi matel so, and th e s am e c u r 75
zy

wh i ch were arti fi c iall d istorted th eg reater rent energ i zes oth ; or i n c as es wh ere th e
retard i ng c fi ec t of one c i rc u i t over anoth er c u rrents i n one elem ent are i nd uc ed to th ose
I I
.

u se i n th e i nd u ced coi ls an
y
h ave also construc ted oth er f orms o f moto r of th e oth er

y b
operati ng b y mag neti c or elec tri c lag , wh i c h excess of copper ov er th at i n th e pri m ar
30 i t i s not nec essar to d esc ri e h erei n i n d etail elem ent o r cond uc tor. 80
I
.

byq
alth oug h m y present i nv enti on is appli cab le W h i le k now of no way of i llustrati ng th i s
th ereto. In s uc h m o tors I
u se an ar matu re i nv enti on a d rawi ng suc h as wi ll m eet
wou nd wi th a coi l or c oi ls, wh i ch i s someti m es th e f or mal re u i rem ents o f an appli catio n f or
I
b n
connec ted w i th th e external c i rc u i t and so m e p a te n t h av e app en d ed f o r co v en i en c e a
I
,

35 ti mes closed u pon i tself , and to oth t erm s conv enti onal fig u re of a motor suc h as em 85
I I
y b
th e present i nv enti on applies In th ese m o
.
ploy . wo uld state, h owev er, th at b eli eve
to rs th e total energ s u p pli ed to eff ec t th ei r th at w i th th e p ro lem b ef ore h i m wh i ch I
q
operati o n i s e u al to th e su m of th e ener i es
g h ave h erei n stated , and th e solu ti on wh ic h I
Th e k
yy y
ex pend ed i n th e ar m atu reand th e field . h av e p roposed, any one s i lled i n th e art wi ll
40 power d ev eloped , h o wever, i s proporti o nate be ab le to c arr ou t and appl th i s i nv enti on 90
q
to th e p rod u ct of th ese u anti ti es. Th i s p ro
y
w i th o u t d i ffic u lt .
d uc t w i llb e g reates t wh enth ese uanti ties are q k
Generall Spea i ng .i f th e m ass of th e co res
q
e u al; h enc e i n co nstr uc ti ng a m otor d eter I of arm atu re and fi eld b e e u al, th e am ou nt q
m i ne th e m ass of th e ar m atu re and field c ores

q y
45 and th e wi nd i ngs of b oth and ad apt th e two so
of c epper or am pe
b re tu rns of th e energ i zi ng
co i ls on oth sh o u ld also b e eq u al; b u t th ese 95

y
as to e u ali ze as nearl as possi b le th e mag cond i ti ons wi ll be mod i fied i n w ell u nd erstood -

q
y
neti c uanti ties of b o th I n motors wh i c h h av e
. wa s i n d i ff erent f or ms o f m ac h i ne. It wi ll

y
closed arm atu re c o i ls th i s i s onl
y
appro x i be u nd ers tood th at th ese resu lts are m ost ad
-

matel possi b le, as th e energ m ani fested i n v antag eous wh en ex i sti ng u nd er th e con
o th e ar matu re i s th e res u lt of i nd uc ti ve ac ti on d i ti o ns p resented wh en th e moto r i s ru nni ng t oo
s
 wi th i ts nnr - al lrn d, and h u rry i ng ou t th e I . An elec tro magneti c motor h avi ng field
-

i nm fi rn th i s f aa sh ou ld b e taken i nto c on q
and arrnatu re m ag nets of e ual strength o r
m ag netieq uanti ty wh en energi s ed b y a g i ven r5

E d a rm g to th e d rawi ng , A i s th e field
-

n agnet, Bth e arm at u ro , C th e field c oi ls, and

D 2 . In an altern ati ng co m e t m otor, th e
- -

th e ar m aturec oi ls, o f th e motor comb i nati on, wi th field and armature co res
q
. .

of e ual m as , of energ izi ng c oi ls contai ni ng

-

q
e ual amo u nts of copper, as h ere i n set f o rth . se

N IKO LA TESLA .

o i n pri or
pat ents g ranted to an d a p p li cati o ns W i tnes ss
me, are not h erei n c lai m ed .
-

I
W h at clai m i s F au n: E. HARTLE Y .
(l o I nt el ) 8 Insets —Gl u t 1 .

N T ES L
.

. A .

m on o m an na3101 03 .

No . P at ent ed Dec . 3 . 1889 .

 n oon—ai m z
N T E SLA
.

. .

nm crno i n sa ne moron
.

P atent ed Dec
. 3. 1889 .
(No nou n)
.
3 Sh eets—She
et 2.
N TESL
. -A
.

Et non o m onnrlo moron.

‘

No . Pat ent ed Dec. 3 . 1889 .

 UN ITE D ST A T ES PAT EN T OFFIC E .

N IK O LA TESLA OF N EW Y OR K, N Y ASSI GN O R TO TH E TESLA ELECTR IC

PAN Y
. .
, ,

C OM , OF SAME PLAC E .

ELEC TRO -
M AG N ETlC M O TO R .

M OLTI ON form i ng part of Letters Patent N o . dated D ecem b er 8 , 1 889 .

Application fled Key 20, 1880. Serial 1 0. (I o model.)

To all wh om i t m a conc er n k
to effic i ent wor i ng i n certai n eases— as, f or
B k K
N I OLA Tnsna, a sub
j
k
e i t nown th at

b
cet of th e E m pero r of
y A u stri a, f rom S
Li a, ord er countr of Austri a Hu ngar , re
m i l an,
yj
i nstance, wh en th e prog ress of th e resultant
p o le s o r p o i n ts of m
y
ax i m u m a t tra c ti o n i s v er y
Y k y yy
g reat, or wh en a ver h ig h nu mb er of alter 55
-

or , i n th e cou nt and S nati ons i s emplo ed— f or i t i s apparent th at

of N ew
usef u l
YI
sid i ng at N ew
k
or , h ave i nv ented certai n new and
m provem ents i n Elec tra Mag neti c
tate
a strong er tend enc to rotati on wi ll b e mai n
tai ned i f th e m axi mu m m ag neti c attrac ti ons
Moto rs, of wh i ch th e f ollowi ng i s a spec i fica

y
ti on, r ef erence b ei ng b ad to th e d rawi ngs ac y
or condi ti ons i n b oth arm atu re and field co
i nc i d e, th e energ d eveloped b y a motor b e 60
i ng m easu red b y th e prod uc t of th e magneti c
co m pan ing and f orm i ng a part of th e sam e.
Th i s i nventi on relates to th at f orm of alter q
nat1ng — c u rrent m oto r i nvented
th ere are two o r m ere energ i zi ng c i rc u i ts
by
m e, i nwh i c h
-
bj
uanti ti es of th e armatu re and field .
Th e o ec t, th eref ore, i n th i s i nvention i s
to so c onstruc t o r organize th ese m oto rs th at
th ro ug h wh i c h alternati ng c u rrents d i fi eri ng th e maxi ma of th e m ag neti c effec ts of th e 65
I two elem ents— th e armatu re and field —s h all
i n ph ase are cau sed to pass.
p a t e n ts a nd
f
a
th
p
i
p li
m
ca t
t
i o ns
—
sh ow n v
h ave i n pri or
ari ou s f o
first, m otors h av i ng
rm s yy
m ore nearl coi nc i de. Th i s I accom plish i n
vari ou s wa s, wh i c h I b
may est ex plai n b y
or ty pes o s o o r

two or m ore energ i zi ng c i rc ui ts of th e sam e

-
ref erence to th e d rawi ng s, i n wh ich vari ous

O
elec tri cal c h arac ter, and i n th e perati on of
wh i c h th e c u rrents u sed d i fi er pri mari l 1 n
y y '
plans f or accompli sh i ng th e desi red results 70
are illustrated.
F i g u re 1 : Th i s i s a d i ag ram mati c i llustra
y b
h a n d m t w i th a l u rali t f n
p s
e i i
; s eco , o o r s p o e
erg i zi ng c rc u ts of d iff erent elec tri c al c h ar
-
ti on of am otor s stem su ch as I h ave desc ri ed
ac te r, i n or b y m eans of wh i c h th e di tterenc e

y
of p h as e i s prod u c ed ar ti fic i all , and , th i rd ,
m otors w i th a plu rali t of energ i zi ng c i rc u i ts,
y -
i n m y pri o r patents, and i n wh i ch th e alter

y
nati ng c u r rents proc eed f rom i nd epend ent 75
sou rc es and differ pri mari l i n ph ase.
Ad esig nates th e field magnet or mag neti c
th e c u r rents i n one b ei ng i nd u ced f rom
y
-

c urrents i n anoth er . I sh all h erei naf ter B

f rame of th e motor ; B , opposi tel located -

y
sh ow th e appli c atio n of m y p resent i nven pole pi ec es adapted to recei v e th e coi ls of one
-

ti on to th ese several t pes. C onsi d eri ng th e energ i zi ng c i rc u i t; and

-
C
0 , si milar pole 80
stru c tu ral and operati ve condi ti o ns of any p i ec e s f o r t h e co i ls o f th e o th e r e n e r i
g i ng
z
— Th ese c i rc u i ts are d es ig nated , re
one of th em as, for example, th at fi rst
nam ed — tb e armatu re wh i ch i s m ou nted to
b
rotate i n o edi enc e to th e cc operati v e i n
c i rc ui t.
spec ti v ely, b y D E, th e cond uctor
a c ommon retu rn to th e g enerator G. B
’
Df ormi ng
-
e
fluence or ac ti onof th e energ i zi ng c i rc u i ts h as -
tween th es e poles i s m ou nted an armatu re 85
coi ls wou nd u pon i t wh i ch are closed u po n f or example, a ri ng o r annu lar armatu re,

by
th emselves and m wh i ch c urrents are i nd uc ed
th eenerg 1z1ng — c u rrents wi th th e ob ec t and
resu lt o f energ i zi ng th e armatu re core;b u t u n
d er any su c h cond i ti ons as mus t exi st 1n th ese
b
motors i t i s ob vi o us th at a certai n ti m e m u st
elapse etween th e m ani f estati ons of an ener
j
wou nd wi th a seri es of coi ls F , f or m i ng a
closed c i rc u i t or c i rc u i ts . Th e ac ti on or op
-
oration of a m eter th us constru c ted i s now
well u nd erstood . It wi ll b e ob serv ed , b ow 90
ever, th at th e m ag netism of poles B
ample, estab lish ed b y a c u rrent i m pu lse i n -
, f or ex

by
'

g i zi n g
-
c u rr en t i m p u l s e 1 n th e field co ils, and -
th e coi ls th ereon, precedes th e m ag neti c effec t

b
th e correspond ing mag neti c state or ph ase 1n
y
‘

set u p i n th e arm atu re th e i ndu ced cu r

q
by q y
th e ar m atu re esta li sh ed b y th e c u rrent i n rent i n c oi ls F . Conse uentl th e m utual 9s
'

fl
d aood th ere ;c onse u entl ag i ven m ag neti c

y
i n u enc e or eff ec t i n th e field wh i ch i s th e d i p o les i s co n si d er by
attrac ti on b etween th e arm atu re and fi eld
a l red u ced Th esam e con
.

b
rect resu lt of a p ri m ar c u rrent i mpu lse w i ll d i tions will be f ou nd to exi st i f, i nstead of
-

k assu mi ng th e poles B or C
y
h av e ecom e more o r less wea ened or lost as ac ti ng i nde

y
before th e correspo ndi ng efiec t i n th e ar m a
b
pend entl , we regard th e i d eal resultant of 1 00
p rod uced h as reac h ed i ts
y
ture i nd i rec tl oth ac ti ng tog eth er, wh i ch i s th e real cond i
maxi mu m . Th i s i s a condi ti on u nfavorab le tion. To rem ed tb i s, l construc t th e moto r
 b y
field wi th second ar poles IV C , wh i c h are
si tuated etween th e oth ers. Th ese pole
'

coi ls
v eni ence
D I
h ave i nd icated th i s b y ma i ng
m uch larger th an c oils E By reason .
k
p i ece s I w i nd
' '
wi th c o i ls D E , th e f ormer i n of th is d i fierence i n th e elec tr ical c h arac ter
of th e two c i rc u i ts th e ph ases o f c u r rent in

5 T h e m a i n o r p ri m ary c o i ls and E are D

d eri vati o n to th e c oi ls I th e latter to coi ls E
wo u nd
.

one are retarded to a g reater ex tent th an th e

Let th is di ff erence b e th i rt d egrees. y
D
f o r a d ifi erent set i nd uc tion f rom th at o f th e
b oth er
-
.

coi ls
’ '
and E , th e relations ei ng so fixed Amotor th us constructed wi ll rotate u nd er
I
th at if th e c u rrents i n ) and E di ffer, for ex
q
th e ac tion of an alternati ng c u rrent; b ut as
h appens i n th e case previ ou sl d esc ri ed th e y b
y
am le, b y a u arter ph ase, th e c u rrents i n
p
-

' '
f ec ts of th e arma
one ‘ second ar c oil, as D E , wi ll d i ff er f ro m

y
th ose i n i ts appro pri ate p ri mary o r E b y, D cor respondi ng magnetic et
tu re and field do not coi nci d e owi ng to th e
ti me th at elapses etween a g i ven m b
yIdf ort fi ve d eg rees, o r one eig h th of a pe eti c
s
’
- -

rto eff ec t i n th e armatu re and th e cond i t on of 80

I
ex plai n th e ac ti o n o f th is motor as f ol
y
th e field th at prod uc es i t.
lo ws : Assu mi ng th at an i mpulse or alterna plo th e secondar or supplem ental poles B y y th eref ore em
’

j
j q b
tion i n c i rc u i t o r b ranc h E i s ust eg i nni ng C . Th ere b ei ng th i rt d eg rees d i ff erence of
’

wh i le i n th e branc h D i t i s us t falli ng f ro m ph ase etween th e cu rrents i n coi ls b E, th e D

maxi m u m , th e cond i ti o ns of a uarter ph ase m agnetic eflec ts o f poles B C sh ould corre
by D
’ ’
-

di flerence. Th e i d eal resultant of th e at

trac ti ve f orc es of th e two sets of poles B0 f rom th e c urrent i n coi ls
spond to th at prod uced

I
ac u rrent d i fferi ng
or E fif teen by
by
th erefore may b e co nsi d ered as prog ressi ng deg rees. Th is may accom lish wi ndi n
f rom oles Bto poles C wh ile th e i mpu lse i n eac h supplementalpo le B
’ p C
wi th two coils I
p
II . Th e coi ls H are i nclu d ed i na deri ved c i r 90
’
E is u s ing to maxi m u m and th at i n D i s f all
i ng to zero or m i ni m u m . Th e polari ty set u p c u i t h avi ng th e same self i nd u c ti on as c i rc ui t
b D
-

, and coi ls H
’
in the armatu re, h owever, la s eh i nd th e i n a ci rcu i t h avi ng th e same
g
manif estati ons of field mag netis m, and h enc e self i nd uc ti on as c i rc ui t E, so th at if th ese c i r
by y
-

th e maxi m u m po i nts of attrac tion i n arma c u i ts di ffer th i rt deg rees th e mag netism of
tu re and field , i nstead of coi nc i di ng , are an p o l e s B ’
C
’
w i ll cor r es p o n d t o t h a t pr o d uced
T
by
g u la r ly d i s p la c e d . h i s
th e su pplem ental poles B C . Th e mag
eff ec t
'
is c
'
O u nte ra c te d b y
or E
a c u r re n
by
t d i ff e ri n g f ro m
fifteen degrees. Th is is true i n all
t h a t i n e i th e r D

p o le s b
i
y
m
th e s a m e , o r n e
w
a
b rl th e y
netic h escaof th ese poles s ucc eed th ose of oth er cases. F or exam ls, if i n F t 1 th e
gC sa m e , c o
l
i l
d
s
d
’

i
E
’

d
Db e
i
r e p
d
la c
i
ed
i
t h
h
e y
co
m
i ls
i
H
m
’
i h
f
p e ri o d o f t e a s e la p s es et e e n th e e fi e c t c u e n e r v e c rc u ts , t e a g ne t s o 1 0 0
of th e poles B C and th e c orrespond i ng i n th e poles B C wi ll correspond i n efi ect or
’ ’

d uc ed effec t i n th e armature; h ence th e mag ph ase, if i t m ay be so termed , to th at pro

neti c cond i ti ons o f poles B C and of th e d uced b y a c u rrent di fi eri ng f rom th at i n
y D by
’ ’
'

armatu re mo re nearl coi nc i d e and a better ei th er ci rc u i t or E f orty five d eg rees, er

-

result i s obtai ned As poles B C ac t i n con one eigh th of a peri od.

' '

j
-
.

Th is i nvention as applied to a deri ved-c i r

'
uncti on w ith th e po les i n th e armatu re es
tablish ed b y poles BC , so i n tu rn poles C
B c ui t motor is illustrated i n F igs. 3 and 4. Th e
respec ti vel .
yy
ac t si m i larl wi th th e po les set u p
U nd er s uc h c ond i tions th e re
'
by
B C , f ormer i s an end v iew of th e motor wi th th e
.
'

armatu re i n sec ti on and adiag ram of connec

.

y
tardati on of th e mag netic eff ect of th e arma ti ons, and F ig . 4 a verti cal sec ti on th rough
tu re and th at of th esecondar poles wi ll b ri ng th e field . Th ese fig ures are also drawn to

coi nc id ence and a corresponding l strong er

q
.

tor ue or mag neti c attrac tion sec u red

y
th e m ax i m u m of th e two more nearly i nto sh ow one of th e di sposi tions of two fields th at
-
m ay b e adopted i n carry i ng out th e i nventi on.
Th e poles BB C are i n one field, th e re C
.

In suc h a di sposi tion as i s sh own i n F ig. 1 mai ni ng poles i n th e oth er. Th e f ormer are
b jk
i t wi ll b e o served th at as th e ad acent pole wou nd wi th p ri mar coils J and secondar
y JI
y I
ls K L. Th epri
y
y h
y by b
’ ’
p i ec e s o f e i t er c i rc u i t a re o f li e p o la ri t co i ls t h e l a t te r w i th c o i
k I
,
th e wi ll h ave a c ertai n wea eni ng eff ec t mar coils J are i nd eri ved c i rc ui ts, etween
upon one anoth er
y
. I th eref ore pref er to re wh i c h , reason of th ei r d i fferent self ind uc -

move th e second ar poles f rom th e d i rec t i h

fiuepc e of th e oth ers I y
ti on, th ere i s a d i fierenc e of ph ase, say , of 1 2 0
Th is may de by con th i rt deg rees. Th e coils K are i n c irc u i t
.
’
I
Jb
structi ng a m otor wi th two i nd epend ent sets wi th o ne anoth er, as also are coi ls ’
L, and
of field s, and w i th ei th er o ne or two armatures
electri cally fi o nnec ted , o r by
usin two arm a
th ere sh ould b e a d ifferenc e of ph ase etween
th e c u rrents i n coi ls K and Land th ei r corre
Th ese mod i cations will spond i ng pri maries of, say, fif teen degrees.
BC
tures and one fi eld .

y
be i llustrated h erei naf ter. If th e poles are at righ t ang les, th e am
F ig. 2 i s a d iag rammatic illustrati on of a tu re c oi ls sh ould beconnec ted d i rec tl ac ross,
y
-

motor and s stem i n wh ic h th e di fferenc e of or a si ngle armature core wound f rom end to
yb
-

ph ase i s arti fici all pi o d uc ed . Th ereare two end m ay be used ; b ut i f th e poles BC

coi ls DDb i n one ranc h and two coi ls E E i n li ne th ere sh ould b e an ang ular di splacement
be i n

th e oth er ranch of th e mai n c i rc u i t f ro m of th e armature coi ls, as wi ll b e well u nd er

-

Th ese two c i rc u i ts or stood.

b Db
th e generator G .

ra nch es are of d i fferent self i nd uction, one, -

Th e operation wi ll b e u nderstood f rom th e
as , ei n g h i g h e r t h a n th e o t h e r . F or co n . f oregoi ng . Th e maxi mu m mag neti c cond i ti on
 of a pai r of po les, as B B, coi nc i des c losel
’ ’
y coils, of mai n and supplemental field mag nets
or poles, o ne set of wh i ch i s adapted to ex
b
wi th th e m axi m u m efi ec t i n th e armatu re,
wh i c h lags eh i nd th e corres pond i ng co ndi h i b i t th ei r maxi m u m mag neti c eff ec t si m u l
tion i n poles BB
y .

5 Th ere are mi n oth er ways of carry i ng ou t

g y by
taneously wi th th at set u p i n th e armatu re
th e ac ti on of th e oth er, as set f orth .
b
this i nv enti on, u t th e all i nvolve th e same
yy
2 . In an elec tro m ag netic m oto r, th e com i
-

broad pri nc i ple of construc tion and operati on. nati on. wi th an ar mature, of a plurali t of
In usi ng ex nessi ons h erei n to i nd i cate a field or energ i zi ng coils i nclu d ed , respec ti vel ,
coi nc i d ence o th e mag neti h ases or efiec ts i n mai n c i rc u i ts adapted to p rod u ce a g i ven
cp
by y
to in o ne set of field mag net
-
s v th th ose set u p d i fference of ph ase and su pplem ental or sec
in th e armatu re th e oth er I
ref er onl to ondary c i rcu i ts ad apted to prod uce an i nter
appro x i m ate resu lts ; b ut th i s of cou rse wi ll m ed iate d i ff erence of ph ase, as set
be u nd ersto od . I
N K OLA TESLA.
I
J
W h at c lai m i s i V i tnesses
15 1 . I nanalternati ng c u rrent moto r, th e com
-
R. . S TO REY, Jr , .

bination, w i th an ar matu rewou nd wi th c losed Jonu Grnw sr m .

‘
(l o l odel. )
N T ES L
. A.

st sor no n eurno u oron.

No .
P at ent ed Dec 3 1. 1889
. .
 UN I T E D STAT ES PAT EN T O F FIC E .

I
N K OLA TESLA, OF N E W Y OR K , N Y ., ASSIGN OR TO THE TESLA ELECTR IC
PAN Y
.

CO M , OF SAME PLAC E .

ELEC TRO M AO N ETIO M O TO R

- .

m ann er tam i ng part of Lstters Patent N o. dated Decem b er 8 1 , 1 889 .

m
11 m l ay 2 0.1 880. B
urial no. onmea
n.)

J
'
o all w h
k
o m it m a y
K
E. (S b
h own, f or etter i llustrati on, as of dif
B e i t nown th at I , N I O LA TESLA, a sub
j ycet of the E m pero r of A u stri a H ungar , f or
k
merl of Sm iljan, Li a, b o rd er countr of Au s
-
y
y Y
f erent di ameters.)
O ne end of coi l A connects to one ri ng , as
C , and one end of coi l Bconnects wi th ri ng . 55 D
5 t ri a-
H u ng a r y
, b
in th e c ou nty and S
u t n o w res i d i
tate o f N ew
ng at N ew o r
or , h av e
,
YI k k Th e rem ai ni ng end s are connected to ri ng E.
Collec ti ng spri ng s or ru sh es F G H b ear b
i nvented c ertai n new and u sef u l mprov e
ments i n Meth od s of O erati ng Electro Ma
netic Moto rs, of wh i c h g g
8 f ollowi ng i s a spec i
-
u pon th e ri ngs and lead to th e co ntac ts of a
swi tc h , to b eh erei naf er d esc ri ed
t T h efi eld
coi ls h av e th ei r terrm nals i n i nd i ng posts K 60
‘
bb .

-
’

fic ation, ref erence bei ng h ad to th e d rawi ng K , and m ay b e ei th er c losed u pon th emselves

accom panyi ng and f orm i ng apart of th e same. or c onnec ted wi th a sou rc e of d i rec t cu rrent
i n a patent g ranted to 1118 April Lby m eans of a swi tc h M Th e m ai nor con
N o. 401,5 20 I h ave sh own and d esc ri ed a b trolli ng sw i tch h as fi ve co ntac ts a b c d e and
.

by
meth od of o perati ng alternati ng c u rrent m o d
-
t w o le v er s f g, pi v o ted an co nn ec te d by a n 6 5
in
to rs
y
first sh i f ti ng o r rotati ng th ei r m ag su lati ng cro ss b ar h , so as to mov e i n paral
-

neti c poles u nti l th e h ad reac h ed or pa Th ese i ev ers are connec ted to th e

y
a s nc h ronous speed and th en alternati ng th e
ssed leli sm .

li ne wi res f rom a so urc e of alternati ng cnr

-

poles, o r, i n oth er word s, by transf or mi ng th e rents N . Contact a i s connec ted to b ru sh tG

m otb r b y ac h ang eof c i rc m t connecti ons f rom-
and c oil B th rou h a d ead resi stanc e R and 70 ' -

one Op erated b y th e ac ti o nof tw o or mo re i a wi re P . COt i s connec ted w i th b ru sh F

and coil Ath rou g h a self i nd u c ti o n coi l s and
by
d epend ent energ i zi ng c u rrents to a motor op
- -

erated
as o ne.
a si ngle c u rrent o r several ac ti ng

Th e p resent i nventi on i s a speci fic way of

b
w i re 0 . Contac ts 0 and e are connec ted to
ru sh es G F , r espec ti vel , th rou g h th e wi res
P O, and contac t d is d i rec tl connec ted w i th 75
y y
b
’

carryi ng o ut th e same i nv enti on; and i t con r ush H Th e lev er f h as a wi dened end ,
I
.

y
si sts i n th e f ollowi ng m eth od . O n th e start

prog ressi v el sh i ft th e mag netic po les of one

elem ou t or fi eld of th e m otor by
alternati ng
wh i c h m ay span th e contac ts a b. W h en i n
such i ti ou and wi th lev er on contac t (1
th e a ter nati ng c u rrents d i vi e etween th e
,
b
c u rr ents d tfi en ng 1n ph ase a d assed th rou gh
p n two m otor coi ls, and b y reason of th ei r d if 80
-

b
i nd epend ent energ i zi ng c i rc u i ts and sh ort
-
f erent self i nd uc ti on a d i ff erenc e of cu rrent
-

ph ase i s o tai ned th at starts th e moto r i n ro

b
c i rc u i t th e coils of th e oth er elem ent. W h en
I
y
th e m otor th us started reac h es or passe
li m i t of speed s nch ro nous wi th th e g enera
tor , I c onnec t u p th e coi ls previ ou sl s h ort
s th e

y
tati on. In starti ng , as
th e n
h av e a ov e stated ,
eld coi ls are sh ort c i rc u i ted
- -
.

W h en th e m oto r h as attai ned th e d esi red 85

c i rc u i ted wi th a sourc e of d i rect c u r rent and speed , th e swi tc h i s sh if ted to th e posi ti on
b y a c h ang e of th e c i rc u i t c onnec ti ons pro
-
sh ow n i n d otted li nes— th at i a to say , w i th th e
d u c e a si m ple alternati on of th e poles. Th e Th i s connec ts
m oto r th en c onti nu es to ru n i n s nc h ro ni sm yy levers f g res ti ng on poi nts c c .

u p th e tw o ar m atu re c oi ls i n seri es, and th e

y
-

wi th th e g enerato r. Th ere are m an spec i fic

-

ri ed ou t, b u t I
y
ally d i ff erent wa s i n w h i c h th i s may b e c ar
h av e selec ted one f or i ll s trat
m o tor wi ll th en ru n as a s nc h ronou s m otor 90
Th e field coi ls are th rown i nto ci rc u i t wi th
-

th e di rect c u rrent so u rc e wh en th e m ai n
.

u
-

i ng t h e pri nc i ple. Th i s 18 i llu strated i n th e swi tc h i s sh i f ted

I
.

annexed d raw i ng , wh i ch i s a si d e v i ew of a W h at c lai m h erei n as my i nv enti on i s

Th e m eth od of operati ng elec tro m a
y
m oto r wi th a d i ag ram of th e c i rc u i ts and d e g 95
-

y
v i c es u sed 1n th e s stem . neti c m otors, wh ic h c onsi sts i n fi rst prog ress
Th e moto r sh own i s one of th e ord i nar
y
i v ely sh i f ting or rotati ng th e m ag neti c poles
f o r m s, wi th field cores ei th er lam i nated or
y of one element u nti l i t h as reac h ed a s nc h
-

soli d a nd wi th a c li nd ri cal lam i nated arm a rou ons speed and th en alter n ati ng said poles
tu re wou nd , f or ex am ple, w ith th e coi ls AB and passi ng a di rec t c u rrent th rou gh th e coi ls 1 00
at ri gh t angles. Th e sh af t of th e armatu re
c ar r i es th ree collecti n or contac t ri n s C
g g D of th e oth er elem ent, as h erei n set f orth .
2 . Th e m eth od of o p erati n g elec t ro mag
 4 1 852 4 8

ac tors, w h i c h co nsis ts i n sh ort c i rc u i t

-
r ent and th rou g h th e arm atu re coils alternat
-

c o i ls of o ne element, as th e field mag -

i ng c u rrents c o i nc idi ng i n ph ase.
1 pac i ng th ro u g h th e energ i zi ng c o ils
I
N K OLA PESLA
-

oth er elem ent, as th e armatu re, alter

'

i
c u rrents d fi eri ng i n ph ase, and th en, W i tnesses :
he moto r h as atta i ned a g i v en speed , R. J STO N E Y , .Ir.,
.

th ro u g h th e field co i ls a d i rec t c u r
-
l C om-IN .
’
.
”
(l o l od el. ) 2 Sh eets—Sh oot 1.
N T ES L
. A .

Bt sorao l AGNBTIO moron.

No . P at ent ed Mar . 2 5 . 1890.

M I

W I n v en to r
(l e l east.) 2 Sh eets—Sh eet 2
N TESL
. A .

st sorao I AGI BTIO uorox

.

No . P at ent ed Mar . 2 6. 1890.

M W )
 UN I T E D STAT ES PAT EN T OFFICE .

N K OL
'

I
A TESLA OF N E‘V YO RK N Y, ASSIG N O R 120 THE TESLA ELECTRIC
P AN Y
, . .
,

CO M . OF SAME PLAC E .

ELEC TRO -
MAG N ETIC M O TO R .

m ent i on form i ng part of Letters Patent N o. dated l arc h 9 5 . 1 890.

Appli cation a
nd I n 10.1 889 . 11a. (l o model. ‘

To all w h o m i t m ay c o nc er n F ig u re 1 is a si d e v iew of th e moto r i n ele

B I
e i tk no wnth at . N I O LATESLA, asu b ec t K j
of th e E m pero r of
j
A
u str i a H u ngar , f ro m
Sm i l an, Li ka, bo r der co u ntry of u stri a Hu n
-

A
y vatio n .F ig 2 i s a part~sectional v iew at
rig h t ang les to F i g 1
.

F ig . 3 i s an end v iew
. .

y Y k
i n elevatio n and part section of a me di dos
-

Y w tion and F ig 4 i s a s i m i lar v iew of anoth er

5 g a r re s i d i n g a t N e o r , i n th e cou nty and
k
, , .

State of N ew or , h av e i nv ented certai n new m od i fic ation

I
.

and usef u l m pro vem ents i n Elec tro Mag netic -

In F igs . 1 and 2 , A des i nates a b a se o r

Moto rs, of wh ic h th e follow i ng is a spec i fica s tand , and BBth e su ppo rt ng f ram e o f th e -

y
tion, ref erence bei ng h ad to th e d raw i ngs ac
I o com pan i ng and f o rm i ng a part O f th e same
m oto r .Bolted to th e said s u pporti ng f ram o
are two m ag netic c o res o r pole p iec es t , of -
-

"
I
.

h av e i nv ented and elsew h ere d esc ri be d i ron or so f t steel Th ese m ay be s u b di v ided

.

anelec tro mag netic moto r operate do r a dapted

-
o r lam i nated , i n wh ic h c ase h ard i ro n o r s te el

y
to b e operate d b y an alter nati ng elec tri c c u r p la tes o r b a ns s h o u ld b e u s ed , o r t h e y s h o u ld

1 5 wh eth er c orrec tl o r not, a y

rent, and wh i c h i s now co mm o nl d esi g n
“
mag neti c lag
ated ,
-
" k b
be wou nd wi th c lose d co i ls. l) is a c i rc u lar
d i s arm atu re u i lt up of sec tio ns o r plates o f
-

moto r. Th e mai n di s ti ng uish i ng f eatu res of

th i s m otor are th e f o llowi ng : An armatu re i s
mo u nted wi th i n th e m ag neti zi n g i n u ence of fl
i ro n and m ou nted i n th e f rame b etween th e
p o le-
p iec es C C
’
,
w h i c h la tt e r

c u rved to co nf or m to th e c i rc ular sh ape th ere

ar e p re f er a b l y
I k
a certai n num ber of field m ag nets or po les of
s o d i ff erent m ag neti c su sce ti b i li t — th at 18 to
p y of . may wi nd th is d is wi th a num b er o f
closed coi ls E F F are th e mai n energ izi ng
.

say , poles of u ne qu al leng th , m ass, o r com coi ls, su pported i n any co nv eni ent m anner b y
os i ti o n — a n d w o n d w i th coils ad apted i n th esu pporti ng f ram e, or oth erwi se, b u tso as to
p u -

O i nc lud e wi th i n th ei r m agneti zi ng i nfluence

th e perati on of th e m oto r to be co nnec ted
to a sou rce of alternati ng c urrents. W h en b o th th e p o le p i e c
-
es C C
’
a n d t h e a r m at u
j
re D .

2
5 a n a l te r n a t i n g c u rr e n t i s passe d th rou gh th e Th e pole pi ec es C -

p ro e c t o u t b e y o n d
coi ls of su ch a m oto r, th e field m ag nets o r th e co i ls F F o n oppos ite sid es, as i nd icated
p ol e s d o n o t a p p e a r to m a n i f es
efi ec t u po n th e armatu re s i m ultaneo usl , th e
t th e i r a ttra c ti ve
y i n th e d rawi ngs If an alternati ng c u rrent
.

be passed th roug h th e coi ls F F , ro tation of

so b
mag neti c attrac ti o n of som e appeari ng to lag
eh i nd that of oth ers, wi th th e res ult of pro
q
th e armatu re w i ll b e prod uc ed , and th i s ro ta
I
ti on ex plai n b y th e f ollow i ng apparent ac
tion or m od e of operati on: An i m pu lse of
Generall yI
du c i ng a tor u e and rotati on o f th e m otor.

closed ar matu re c oi ls
h ave m ad e s uc h motors wi th c u r rent i nth e coi ls F F establi sh es two polari
Th e protru d i ng end of
-
ti es i n th e m oto r
I
. .

h ave i nvented ano th er f orm o f m otor, p o le-

p i ec e C ,
f o r i ns ta n ce ,
w i ll b e o f o n e s i n
g ,
3 5 wh ic h , f o r si milar reasons, m ay be calle d a and th ecorrespond i ng end of pole p iec e wi ll ~

mag neti c lag m otor ; b u t i n peratio n i t d if

-
”
O b e of th e opposi te si g n Th e ar matu re also
I
.

f ers f ro m th at wh i c h h ave ab o ve desc ri bed ex h i b i ts two poles at rig h t ang les to th e c oi ls

i n th at th e attracti ve efi ec ts or ph as es of th e k
F F , li e poles to th ose i n th e po le pi ec es -

fl
p o le s,
w h i le la gg i n g b e h i n d th e p h a se s o f c ur bei ng on th e sam e si d e o f th e c oi ls W h i le .

th e c u rrent is owi ng th ere is no apprec iab le

yy y
l o rent wh ic h prod u c e th em , are m ani f ested s i
m u ltaneousl and not s u cc essi vely
To carr ou t th i s i nvention emplo a mo I
.

y tend ency to rotati on d eveloped ; b u t af ter

eac h c u rrent i mpu lse c eas es or b eg i ns to f all
tor embod i ng th e pri nc i ple of construc ti on th e m agpetis m i n th e ar matu re and i n th e

by
of a m oto r d esc ri b ed and c lai m ed i n an a
J b y
’
ends of (h e
“
lo pi eces C ( 3 lags or co nti nues
-

i s pli cati on filed m e anuar 8, 1889, 6. to mani fest tsoli , wh ic h prod u ces a ro t atio n
to th e extent th at oth th e armatu re
and fi eld recei ve th ei r magneti sm f rom a si n
of th e armature b y th e repellent f o rce be
tween th e more closel approx i m ati ng po i nts y
le energ i zi ng coi l or a plurali ty
-
“
cells act of maxi mu m m agneti c effec t Th is effec t is .

ng as one.
A m otor wh i c h em od ies my i nvention,b c onti nued by th e reversal of c u rrent, th e po
larltles of field and armature bei ng si m pl y
wi th certai n mod i ficati ons th ereof , i s illus w One or both.of th e elements th e —
—
.

trated i n th e accompanyi ng drawi ngs. armatu re o r nei d may be wou nd with c los ed
 y
i nd uc ed coi ls to i ntensif th i s ed ec t, alth ough
I
i n the drawi ngs h ave sh own b ut one of th e
fields, eac h element of th e motor reall co y b
end s o f opposi te si g n and to set u p
ar mature c ore etween th em a polari t of th e
-
y—
i n th e

n same si gn as th at of th e nearest pole piece 0.

U
y
sti tutes a field, wou nd wi th th e c losed coi ls,
pon th e f all or cessati on of th e cu rrent i m 70
Sth e c u rrents b ei ng i nd uced mai nl i n th ose
convolu ti ons or coi ls wh i c h are arallel to th e
p
Amodifi ed f or m of th i s motor i s
p u ls e t h a t e s t a b li sh e d
mag neti sm wh i ch lags eh i n th e c urrent
th e s
b
e la r i ti es th e

jby
coi ls F F . h a se a n d w h i c h co n ti n u es t o m a n i f e s t i ts elf
p ,
sh own i n F i g . 3. In th is f orm G is one of two i n th e polar pro ecti ons C C and th e ar ma ’

stand ard s th at su pport th e b eari ngs f or the ture, prod uces repulsion a rotati on of th e 75
armature sh af t. H H are u pri gh ts or si des of arm ature. Th e eflec t is conti nued b y each
y
-

b b y
a f rame, pref erabl mag netic, th e ends C C ’
reversal of th e cu rrent. W h at occ u rs i n

D
of wh ic h are ent su stanti all as sh own, to th e case of one pai r of pole pi ec es occ urs si
y
-
,
conf orm to th e sh ape of th e armatu re and multaneously i n all, so th at th e tend enc to
for m field m ag net poles. Th e construction of
-
rotati on of th e armature i s meas u red b y th e 80
th e armatu re may be th e sam e as i n th e pre
y b
su m of all th e f orces exerted by th e pole
b
'

y
vi ou s fi g u re, or i t m a b e si m l a ma neti c i e e a a o e d e i ed I n t h i m to
y p g p c s s v sc r s o r
k
, .

d is or c li nd er, as sh own, and a coi l or coi ls

F F are sec u red i n posi ti on to su rrou nd b oth
th e arm atu re and th e poles C C . Th e arms '
by
also th e magneti c lag or eff ect is i ntensi fied
wi nd i ng one or b oth cores wi th closed i a
d uced coi ls Th e armature core is sh own as 85
b
-
.

ture is d etac h a le f rom i ts sh af t, th e latter th us wound W h en closed coils are used, th e

.

y
b eing passed th rough th e arm ature af ter i t cores sh ould be lami nated .
h as b een i nserted i n posi ti on. Th e operati on It i s evi d ent th at a pulsato r as well as an

y b b
of th is f or m of m oto r i s th e same i n princi ple alternati ng c u rrent m i gh t b e used to d ri ve or
as th at prev i ou sl d esc ri ed and needs no operate th e m otors h erei n desc ri ed ; bu t 90 I
f urth er ex inu s tion .
p r ef e r t o u se a lt e r n a ti n g cu rr e n ts .

y b
One of t s most i mportant features i n alter It wi ll b e u nderstood th at th e degree of

y b
nati ng c urrent m otors i s th at th e sh ould be
-
su d i vi sion, th e m ass of th ei ron i n th e cores,

y y
ada ted to and capab le of ru nni ng effic i entl th ei r si ze, and th e nu m er of alternations i n
p
in t e alternating s stems i n resent use, i n th e c urrent emplo ed to ru n th e motor must 95
wh ich almost wi th out except on th e gener p k
y y
ators i eld a ver h i h nu mb er of alterna
tions. S by
b e ta en i nto consideration i n order to pro
erly construc t th i s motor. In oth er words, 11
b
uch a m otor h ave d esi ued ad e all such m otors th e proper relati ons etween
velopment of the i n i le 0 th e m o t r the nu mber of alternati ons and th e mass,
p r c p o
k q
b
sh own i n F i g . 3, m a i ng a multipolar moto r, si ze, or uali ty of th e i r on m ust b e pre served t oo
wh ic h i s i llustrate i n order to sec u re th e est results . T
d i n F ig . 4 . In th e con
yy h ese
‘

J are matters, h owever, th at are well u nd er

struc ti on of th i s m oto r I emplo an annular
mag netic f rame , wi th i nwardl extend i pg k
b j stood b y those s i lled in th e art.
-

ri s o r pro ecti ons K, th e ends of wh i ch all W h at I clai m i s

1. Inanalternati ng c u rrent moto r, th e com 1 0 5
h and or turn i n one d i rection and are g en
b
-

erally shaped to confor m to th e c urved sar i nati on, wi th th e armatu re and fi eld c ores, -

j of stati onary energ i zi ng coi ls env elopi ng th e

fac e of th e armatu re. Coi ls F F are wou nd -

b
f rom one part K to th e one next ad acent, said cores and adapted to prod uce polari ti es

b
th e ends or loops of each coil or g rou p of or poles i n oth , th e field cores extend i ng out -

wi res ei ng carri ed over toward the sh af t,
so as to f orm U sh aped groups of convolui
-
ti ons at eac h end of th e armatu re. Th e pole
'
b
pi eces 0 C , ei ng su stanti all conc entric b
f rom th e coi ls and construc ted so as to ex n o
h i b i t th e mag netic effect i mparted to th em
af ter th e f all or cessation of c urrent i mpulse
y p r o d u c i n g s u c h e d e c t, a s
2 . Inan alternati ng cu rrent motor, th ecom
se t f e rt h .

wi th th e armatu re, form ledges, along wh i ch

j b
-

i nati on, wi th an ar m
by
th e coils are lai d and sh ou ld pro ect to ature core ci rc ular i n u s
-

some extent e ond th e coi ls, as sh own. T confi g u rati on, of a supporti ng f rame, field
D he -

cyli nd rical or d ru m ar mature

con
is of th e same
s tru cti on as i n th e oth er motors d esc ri bed , y
cores ex tend i ng th eref rom over porti ons of
th e peri ph er of th e armatu re, and energ i z
and is mounted to rotate wi th i n th e annu lar i ng coils surro und i u g sai d armatu re and parts
b
-

f rame J and etween th e Us h aped ends or of th e field cores, as set forth

b y
-
.

bonds of th ecoi ls F . Th ecoils F are connec ted 3. Th e com i nati on; wi th th e rotatab l
i n m ulti ple or i n seri es wi th a sou rce of alter mou nted armatu re, of th e ci rc ular f rame J,
nati ng cu rrents , and are so wound th at wi th a th e rib s K , wi th lar extensi ons extend i ng
over porti ons of t e armatu re, and th e ener
y
c urrent or cu rrent i m pu lse of g i ven di rec ti on
‘

k f h l
y
th e wi ll m a e th e alternate pole i eces C of i i n co i ls F w o u n d o v e r p o r t i On s o t e p o e r a5
p g z g
- -
,

60 one polarit and th e oth er pole pi eces C of

’ -
p i ec e s a n d ca r r i ed i n l oo p s o v e r t h e e n d s o f
th e c p osi te lari ty . Th e pri nc iple of th e th e ar matu re, as h erei n set f orth .
p
operati onof
b
i s motor is th e same as th eoth er
h erei n descri ed , for, consideri ng any two
'
N I K O LA TESLA.
p o le p i ec es C C a cu r re n
b b
t i m p ulse p ass i n
g
W i tnesses
J
-
,
i n th e coil wh i ch ridges th em or i s wou n
'
R. . S TON Ey, Jr..
over both tends to esta li sh polar i ti es i n th ei r E. P. Com m .
(l o l od el. )

N T E S LA
. .

ALrsnu
‘
rIss ounsss r st sorso lu
‘ '
n at i c 110703 .

No . P at ent ed Au g . 5 . 1890.
 UN ITE D STAT ES PATEN T OFFIC E .

NIK O LA TE LL , O F N EW YORK
K Y., , . TO THE TESLA KLRC l t ’ ‘ ‘

COMPAN , OF SA“ Y PLAC E .

ALTERN ATIN G -
O U RREN T ELEC TRO MAG N ETIC M O TO R. -

m m w d w r m m rm m m m aw .m
a o.

’ s- su m m
A ar i ses “ am u
‘

muw

mag nets, eac h wo und wi th coi ls c

nne cted o

k I
Be i t nown th at , N m ou TxSLA, a sub wi th a source of alternati ng or rapid v vary L -

A m
j e c
jt o f t h e E m e
b
ror f us tri a H u n
y a
g y f ro m i n c u rren ts b u t f or i ng tw o se p arat e aths
p o -
r g i

k
, ,

Smil an, Li a. ord er co untr of Austri a or c i rc u i ts. Th e magnets of one set pre
Hungary , resi di ng at N ew or , i n th e count
and S Y k
Y k y
teet to a certai n extent from th e c nerg i ai ng
tate of N ew or , h ave i nvented certai n ac tionof th e c urrent by moans of a mag netic
I
new and usef ul mpro vem ents i nAlternati n
Current Elec tro Mag neti c Moto rs, of wh io
-
sh ield or sc reen i nterposed
not and i ts one g si ng~coi l. T
b
etween th e m
h is sh ield s
th efollowiiig is aspeci ficati on, ref erencebei ng roperly a dapted th c condi ti onuof parti eu
h ad to th e d rawi ngsaccompanyi ng and form ar cases, so as to sh i eld or protect th e mai n cc
b
0

i a a part of th e same. core f rom mag neti zati on u ntil i t h as eco me

i s i nventi on is an i mprovem ent i n th at i tself saturated and no longer on b le of con

by
class of electro mag neti c m eters i n wh ic h th e tai ni ng all th e li nes of f orce Iot nee dby th e
- '

B
y th i s means i t w ll be seen th at
r
s
rotati on i s prod uced
m e
i
n
n
t
t
or eff
l
ec t of
d
th e
th e p rog ressi ve move current

d
m a x i
t
m
h by
u
e
m
n
m a
i
g
n
n
t
e
a
ti c t
jh
e
e
t
e n
f
e rg
m
i
a
zi n
n
g
e t
a
s
c t
a
i on
e t n
i n s i n b
th e ro to
b
e

ar i trar i y d eten
to d
p o s o r po e s pro u ce co o c s o g c r s -

tion or eflect of two one i zi ng ci rc ui ts m i ned peri od of ti me later th an i n th e o th er.

th roug h wh i ch are passed
y
ternati ng c u r and th at by
th i s m eans alone or i n con ane j
rents, or cu rrents of rapi dl vary i ng strength
y
tion wi th oth er means or d evices h eret ofo r e
-

k
bjy emplo ed a practically economical d i ff erence
t o of a i nd red natu re. -

Th e i mprovements su ec t of th is applica of mag netic ph ase may read ii be secu red.

ti on are more parti cularl appli ca le to th at b Th e natu re and operation 0 th e i nvention
y
will be more f ull explai ned by referenc e to
clam of meters i n whi ch two or m ore sets of
one
as wh i c
'

b
zi ng m
-
y
etc are emplo ed , and i n th e aecom an i ng d rawi ngs. y
F igure i s a vi ew of a moto r, partiy i n sec
of ti me s madeto elapse etween th erespec t b
arti ci al means a certai n i nterval
tion, wi th a d iag ram i llustratln th e lu ven
i ve max imu m or m i ni mu m period s or ph ases tion. F i g . 2 i s a si mi lar V i ew 0 a mod i fi ca
of th ei r magneti c attrac ti on or ed ect. T
interval or d i d erence i n ph ase etween th e bh i s ti on of th e same.
b
In F i g . l , wh i ch exh i i ts th e simplest form
of th e i nventi on, AAi s th e fi eld mag net o f a
yb
30 two sets of magnets, wh en arti fi ci all pro
y
-

duced, i s li mi ted i n extent. It i s des ra le, motor, h avi ng , as

j
ei h t poles or i nwar dl
k
howev er, f or th e econom ical wor i ng of such pro ecti ng cores am 0. Th e cores i i for m
motors th at th e strength or attracti on of one oneset of magnets and are energ ized by c ells
set of mag nets sh ould b e maxi mu m.at th e . D
Th e cores 0, f ormi ng th e oth er set, are
35 ti me wh enthat of th e oth er set is m i ni mu m energi zed by coi ls E, and th e coi ls are co n

b
and conversely ;b u t th esecond i ti ons h ave not nec ted , rc ferab ly, i nseries wi th one ano th er,

b
the two currents h ave een o tai ned f rom i n b
heretof ore een reali zed except i ncases wh ere i n two eri ved or ranc h e d c i rcu i ts F u , re b b
f rom a su ita le so u rce of c u rrent.
dependent sourccs i n th e same or d i ff erent
40 machi nes.
ecti vel
;p
ach co 1 E i s su rrou nde d
byby
a mag netic

b
Th e o ject of th e present i nventi on is to anneal
establish condi ti ons morenearl approach i ng y
sh i eld II wh ic h is prefera l c om pose do f an
i nsu lated, or ex dized i ro n wi re
wra pod or wound on th e cells i n th e w arm er
q
the th eoretical re ui re ments of perf ec twor k
i nd os ted , so as to form a c losed mag neti c
ing, or, i n oth er words, to produce arti fic i ally ci rcu i taro und th ecoi ls and between th e sauna
45 adi fference of ma neti c ph ase by m eans of and th e mag netic cores C . B etween th e p ole
g
acurrent f rom a sm gle pri mary source sum feces or come B
C is mounted th e ar matu re
ci ent i n extent to meet th e ui rementa of ,
w y
h ich , as is usual i n th is t pe of ni aeli i rms,
i s wo u nd wi th coi ls Lclosed upon th emrmlves
practi cal and economi cal work g.
I
.

Incarryi ng ou t my i nventi on employ a Th e operation m nlti ng f rom th is d ii mi ti un

50 motor wi th two sets of energ i zi ng or fi eld i s as follows: If a cu rrent i mpu lse be d i
 m eted th rough th e two ci rc ui ts of th e motor,
q ky
ac tion of th e c u rrent i n th at ci rc ui t wi ll be
w ll u ic l rg ize th e cores B ac celerated ,wh i le i n th eoth er c i rc u i t G i t wi ll
i t i e ne , b ut not
C , for th e reason th at i n passi ng b e retarded . Th e sh i eld H m ay be mad e i n
y
so th e

5 i nfl
th rough th e cells E th ere i s encountered th e
u e nce of th e c los e d m a g n et i c c i rc ui ts
man f orms, as wi ll b e u nd ers tood , and used
y
i n di ff erent wa s, as appears f rom th ef orego
f ormed by th e shi elds H. Th e first eff ect i s
'
i n desc ription. I
do not, h owever, li mi t my
to ed ecti vel retard th e current i mpulse i n se f to any speci fic f orm or arrangement; b ut
ci rc ui t G w li e at th e same ti me th e propo r
,
I
W h at clai m i s
ti on of current wh ich does pass does not mag 1. In an a
b
lternati ng c urrent moto r h av i ng
-

by
to noti ce th e cores 0, wh ich are sh i eld ed or two energ izi ng ci rc ui ts, th e com i nation,wi th
-

screened th esh i elds H. A s th e i ncreasi ng th e m eti c cores and coils of oneof th e ci r

electro moti ve force th en u rg es m ore c u rrent
b c ui ts, o i nterposed magneti c sh i elds or sc reens
-

th rough th e coils E, th e i ron wi re H ecom es

mag neti cally saturated and i nca a le of car b f or retard i ng th e mag netization of said cores,
as set f orth .
1 5 ryi ng all th e li nes of f orce, and
b once ceases 2 . In an alternati ng c u rrent m otor h avi n
-

to protect th e cores 0, wh i c h ecome m ag two energ izi ng c i rc u i ts , th ecom binati on,wi t

-

netized , developi ng th ei r max i m u m cfiect

b
af ter an i nterval of ti me su se u ent to th e q
th e mag neti c cores and th e coi ls of one of th e
ci rc ui ts wou nd th ereon, of m
or coi ls wound arou nd sai d coi
etic sh ields
si mi lar mani f estati onof stren h i n th e oth er at righ t an
’

so set of mag nets, th e extent 0 wh ich i s arbi gles to th ei r convoluti ons, as set f orth .
k
trari l d etermi ned by th e th ic ness of th e
b
3. In an alternati ng cu rrent moto r h av ing
-

sh i el H, and oth er well u nderstood condi

-
two energ izi ng c i rcui ts , th e com i nati on,wi th
-

ti ons.
b
F rom th e a ove i t will be seen th at th e s p
b
th e magnetic cores and th e coils of oneof th e
c i rc uits wh i ch energ i ze th e sai d cores, of m ag
‘5 paratus or devi ce a
retardi ng th e c u rrent, and , second , by
c ts i n two ways. F i rst,
reta around th e coi ls and i nterpo b
neti c sh i elds f or mi ng closed or netic c i rc u i ts
etween th e
i ng th e eti zati on of one set of th e cores,
f rom wh i o i ts effec ti veness wi ll readi l ap y coi ls and cores, as set forth .
4 . In an alternati ng c urrent motor h avi ng
-

two energ i zi ng ei rc u its d eri ved f ro m th e same

p e ar .
-

Man mod i fications of th e pri nc i leof th is

0
y b
i nvent on are possi le. O ne nests and effi
sou rce, th ecomb i nati on,wi th th ecores and th e
coi ls of one of th e c i rcui ts th at energ izes th e
same, of i nsulated i ron wi re coi ls wou nd on
ci ent ap li cati on of th e i nventi on i s sh own i n -

F ig . 8.
b
u sai d fig ure a motor i s sh ownsi m i
b th e sai d energ izi ng coi ls at righ t angles to
-

lar i n all respec ts to th at a ove d esc ri ed, ex th eir cou volu ti ons and connec ted u p i nser ies
35 e e p t th at th e i ro n w i re H , w h i c h i s w rapped wi th th e coi ls of th e oth er energ i zi ng c i rc ui t,
-

i n seri es wi th th e coi ls D
around th e coi ls E, is i n th is case connec ted
. Th e i ron wi re
-
as set f orth .
I
N K OLA TES LA.
coils H, are connec ted and wou nd , so as to W i tnesses
h ave li ttle or no self i nduction, and ei ng
-

f th i i
bF h
R oar . F . GAY LO RD,
P u s an W . Pas s .
40 a d d ed to th e r es is ta n c e o e c rc u t t e

1 79 6 3 9 8
 UN I T ED ST A T ES PA T EN T OFFIC E.

I
N KOLA TESLA, O F N E‘
V O R K, N . Y , Y ASSI GN OR TO TH E TESLA E LEC I RK ’ ‘

Y
.

C OM AN , OF P SAME PLACE .

ALTERN ATIN G -
C U RREN T M O TO R.

an on ru
-
n es formi ng part of m m Patent N o. dated August 6, 1 890

A
pplication llsd Karel 30.1890. S
erial l o.
. (I nmodel.)

To all wh om i t m ay concer n
Be i t k nown th at I N IKO LA TESLA a sub
th e
by
mag neticall y b rid ged or sh unted cores

Sm i lj an Li ka bo rd er cou ntr of Austria

,

jec t of th e Em peror of Au stri a Hu ngar f ro m

yk
-
y
,

,
will h ave, reason of th e closed m ag netic
c i rc u i ts, a h i gh self i nd uc tion, wh i ch retards
-

5 H u ng ar y
,

,
,

res i d i ng
Y
at N ew or , i n th e co u nt
k
and State of N ew or , h av e i nvented certai n
Y y th e c u rrent, per m i tti ng at th e b eg i nni ng of 5 5
eac h i mpulse b ut li ttle c urrent to pass. On
th e oth er h and , no such opposi tion b ei ng en
I A
new and usef ul mprov ements i n lter nati ng
C urrent Motors, of wh i ch th e f ollowi ng is a
b y y
cou ntered i n th e oth er set of coi ls, th e c u r
rent passes f reel th roug h th em , mag netizi ng
th e poles on wh i c h th e are wou nd . A
y
spec i ficati on, ref erence ei ng h ad to th e d raw
i ng s acc om pan i ng and f o rm i ng a par t of th e
sam e.
h owever, as th e lami nated
b
satu rated and i ncapa le of carr i ng all th e
ri dgesb y b s soon, 60
ecome

Th i s i nvention relates to th at c lass of alter

y
li nes of f o rc e, wh ic h th e ri si ng electro moti ve -

nati ng c u rrent meters i n wh ic h th e field mag

- -
q
f orce, and conse u entl i nc reased c u rrent,
nets are energ i zed coils connec ted up i n
lg p r o d u c e f ree p o le s a re d e v elo p ed a t th e
je nd s 6 5
o

two c i rc u i ts d eri v f ro m th e same sou rc e of th e cores , wh ic h , ac ti ng i ncon unction wi th

by
and h av i ng d i fi erent d eg rees of self i nd uc th e oth ers, prod uc e rotati on of th e armatu re.
by
-

ti on, wh ere th e c u rrents i n one c i rcu i t or Th e construc ti on i n d etai l wh ich th is

b ranc h are retard ed more th an i n th e oth er, i nventi on i s i llustrated is sh owni n th e aecom
wi th th e resu lt of prod u ci ng a p rog ressi ve pan i ng d rawi ngs.
y
ad vance or rotati on of th e oi nts of maxi
m u m m ag neti c c lrect i n th e old th at mai n g b y
F g urc 1 i s a v iew i n si deelevation of a mo
tor em od i ng th e i nvention F ig 2 i s aver
. .

tai ns th e armatu re i n rotati on. In meters of

y ti cal c ross s ec ti on of th e same
-

k
.

I Ais th e f rame of th e motor, wh i ch i s prefer

th i s i nd h ave emplo e d, among oth er
means, a self i nd ucti on coi l i n one c i rc u i t and
-

I
byb
a l
b
u i lt u p of sh eets of i ron pu nc h ed ou t 75
a d ead resi stance i n th e oth er, or
by
h ave se to th e d esi red sh apeand olted to geth er wi th
b
-

cu red th e same result th e spec ial c h arac i nsulation of a proper c h aracter etween th e
ter of th e wi nd i ng of th e two c i rc ui ts, and i n k
sti ll anoth er i nstance I
h ave so constr uc ted
sh eets. W h en c om plete, th e f rame ma es a
field mag net with i nward l pro ec ti ng pole
-

B T
y j
-

y
th e m otor th at th eretard ed c u rrent cells were
byy p i ec es a n d C o a d a p t t h e m t o th e r e 80
-
.

nearl i nclosed by i ron, wh ere th e self i n

y q u i rem e n ts of th i s pa rti c u la r ca s e t h e se p e
o l
-

d uc ti on of s uch coi ls was ver g reatl i n p i ec es ar e o u t o f li ne w i th on e a n ot h e r th os e

k B
,

creas ed .
bj
Th e i nvention su ect of th i s appli cati oni s
an i m provement on th is last named plan. -
mar ed su rrou nd i ng one end of th e arma
tu re and th e oth ers , as C , th e opposi te end,
and th ey are d i sposed alternatel — y
thati s to 85
I
In carry i ng ou t th e i nventi on constru ct
b
say , th e pole pi eces of one set oc c u r i n line
-

j
a d ei d mag net h av i ng two sets of poles or i n
by wi th th espac es etween th oseof th eoth er sets.
y
-

ward ly pro ecti ng cores and placed si de

-
Th e armature D i s of c li nd rical form, and
f orce and alternatel d isposed —th at i s toy
si de, so as prac ti cally to form two field s o f i s also lami nated i n th e u su al way and i s
wou nd lo ngi tud i nall wi th coils closed upon 90
th emselves. Th epe e pieces C areconnec ted
so
b
say, wi th th e poles of oneset or field opposi te
by
-

I b ri dg e pi eces E. Th ese may

th e s ces etween th e oth er. th en con or sh u nted
y
-

of lami nated i ron ands or

-
b
nect t e f ree ends of one set of poles b means

by ri dge p sees of b -
p o
ble -
p i ec
k
es , o r t h y
be made i ndepend entl and attach ed to th e
e m a y b e p a rts of t he f or m s
considera l sm aller c ross sec ti on th an th e
y or lan s stam ped or pu nch e d ou t of sh eet 95
-

cores th emselves, wh ereb th e cores wi ll all i ron. Th ei r size or m ass i s d eterm i ned b y

yy
f orm parts of complete mag neti c ci rc u i ts. vari ous cond i ti ons, su ch as th e streng th of
W h en th e coils on each set of m ag nets are th e cu rrent to b e em plo ed, th e mass or si ze
connec te d i n m ulti ple ci rc u i ts or b ranch es of th e cores to wh i ch th e are apppli ed , and
f ro m a sou rceof alternati ng c u rrents, electro oth er well und ers tood cond i ti ons.
-

Coi ls F surround th e pole pi eces B

y
moti ve f orces arc cot u p i n or i mpressed u pon -
, and

each c i rcui t si multaneousl ; b ut th e c ells on oth er coi ls G are wound on th e pole pi eces C. -
 “ 70 1

These m ils are counacusd in two

11: seri es netie sh u nts or b ri dg es so nnet ti ng th o u f ree -
“

nu t fro m a
ci rc u i ts , wh i c h are brush es et a err- end s.as h e rei n set fo rth .

gn u
-
a n u c t fi m ng
-
u L
m n na u n i . th ey 3 In an s lter ns nngs ou r reu i m o to r mu m ;
.

may b e I ) wound , or the a spenGi v e c i r ui ts

- c
two sets or seri es o f po le p i ec e» o nu l u eu b y -
‘

cal ls i n i nd epend ent O IN tl i ls f ro m t m e sh i ne

th at th e c i rc u i t of coi ls G wi ll have i nd o senses, the oom b i u s ti ou . W i th one o r th e tru th
or seri es of pole p ieces, of i nq u eu c sh u nts»o r
-

b ri dg es co nnec ti ng th ei r f ree end s, as d o ‘u

oth er ci rc ui t or branch. sc ri bed .
re Th s f unc tien ef tho sh u m or bridg ss li is 3. I n an alter nati ng ou rreu t mo to r h m m g -

th at th ey sh all form wi th tiss cores t aclcs ed s lami n ated or su bd i v ided field i m p ac t pro
‘
-

m atte ci rc u it for a c urrent u p to a pred e v id ed wi th two sets or ser i ss of eu ros o r po le

h rni nad streng th , so that wh en satu rated by p ie c es. th e c o m bi n a tio n.w i th suc h po le pi eces. -

n eh snrm t and u nable tc carry more li nes

rsrt f orc e th an suc h a c urrent prod uc e
wi ll to no f urth er appreciable exte nt i nter
fern wi th th e develo pment by ast ro nger c u r
mat of free mag neti c poles at th e ends of th e
y of energ i zi n g c-
o ils co nn ec t ed , res pec t : v ely . i n
s th e t wo c irc ui ts deri ved f ro m th e sam e so u rc e o f
s lternati ng c u rrents and lam i nated o r s u b
d i vi ded i ronsh u nts o r b ridg es of anoth e r c lo se
sec ti on th an th e pole pi ec es s ud Jo i ni ng th e
-

mm C . f ree ends of all th e w res o r pole p i ooes o t o ne -

so Inn eh a moto r th e c u rrent is so retard ed set to torn: c losed m neti c c i rc u i ts . as no t

in th e soi ls G and th e mani fo tatio n of th e f orth .

free mag netis m i n th e poles C is delayed l» 4 I n analternati ng c u rrent m oto r . th e ow n

. -

yond th s of maxi m u m mag neti c eflcc t b i nation, w i th s set or se ri es of n eid po les -

fie that a stro ng torq ue is prod uced and energ i zi ng c oils w ou nd th erw n. o f an m

E
f
-

a
s th e meto r operates wi th appro x i mately termed i s te set o f pole p iec es (orunng po rtw i th

m
-

p on r d m i n a m o to r of th i s i nd k o f c los ed mag neti c c i rc u i ts and oo i L s th ereo n

by
b y i n s pendently g enerated c u rs i n a c i rc u i t d eri ved f ro m th e sam e so nnoo o f
-

term d ifferi ng a f u ll q uarter ph ase

-
. alternati ng c u rrents as th e ot her “ s et fo r th ,

W h at I clai m i n th is applicati o n is Nih m

'

p 1. In an s i m u lati ng c u rrent m otor h av i ng

-
W i tnesses
i n sets or seri es of lo pi ecss, th e co mb i
-
Bonr lr (i n h oan.
' ‘ ’

K P
. .

ration, wi th one of su c sets or seri es, of mag PAR ER W AG E . .

l
. o I “ )
B TBBLA
. .

“M E DAL“ M 03 1 8 ! OBl lDllOfl OI DBV IOB.

No . P atented Aug . 5 . 1890

.
 UN I T ED STAT E S PA T E N T O FFIC E .

I
N KO LA TESLA, OF N E W YOR K , N . Y , ASS GN OR TO . I THE TESLA ELEC TR IC
P
C OM AN , OF S Y
AME LAC E. P
'

ELEC TRIC ALTRAN SFO RM ER O R IN D U C TIO N D EV IC E.

m am m pm a l atter- Patent lln m 70adated Au g ust 6 , 1 8 90.

To all w h om i t m a y concer n prod u c ed pass th roug h th e two c i rc u i ts of th e

k I
,

Be i t nown th at , N IKO LA TESLA, a sub moto r, a di flers nce of ph as e o f ni nety d e

ject of th e E mperor of Au stri a Hungar , f rom
j y k b
Smi l an, Li a, ord er cou ntr of Au stria
-

y y g r ee s ; o r, i n oth e r w or d s, t h e c u rr

c i rc u i t sh ould b e max i m u m wh en th at i n th e
e n t i n o n e

5 Hung ar , resi d i ng at N ew or , i n th e cou nt Y k y o th er c i rc u i t i s m i ni m u m . To more perf ectl

b y 55
Y k
and State of N ew or , h av e i nvented cer tai n I
attai n to th is c ondi ti on o tai n or sec u re an
I i nc reased retard ati on o f th e second ar onr
new and usef ul mpro vements i n Elec tri cal
I
Transfor mers or nd uc tion evices, of wh i ch
th e f ollowi ng is aspeci ficatio n, ref erence be
D reu t i n th e followi ng manner zl nstead of ri ng
i ng th e pri mar and second ar coi ls or c i r y i
b
xo i ng h ad to th e d rawi n s acco m an i n c u i ts o f a trans ormer i nto th e c losest 60
g p y g and
b le relations, as h as h i th erto een d one, pro
'

torm un a part of th e same.

Th i nventi on is an i mprovement i n elec toot i n a m eas u re th e second ary f rom th e i n

bj
tricel transformers or converters, and h as f o r d uc ti ve ac ti on or eflec t of th epri mar b y s
y
u r y
b

y
rou nd i ng ei th er th e pri m ar o r th e second ar
b
i ts m ai n o ec ts th e pro visi on of m eans f or se
wi th a c om parati vely th i n magneti c sh i eld or 65
y w
rs cu ri ng , fi rst, a h as e d i ff eren ce e t ee n t h e
p
-

U
-

nder th ese cond i ti o ns or c ircu m

pri mar and secondar c urrents ad apted to
th e operati on of my a ternati ng c u rrent m o
k
-
sc reen.
stances, as long as th e pri mar c u rrent b as e y y
small value, th esh i eld protects th e secondar ;
tors and oth er li e pn
co
y
and , second , a
nstant c u rrent f or all oad s i mposed u pon
so th e secondar .
y
b ut as soonas th epri mar c urrenth as reac h ed
a certai n strength , wh i ch i s arb i trari l deter yb 7o
In transf ormers as constru cted now and m i ned , th eprotecti ng m ag netic sh ield ecomes
satu rated and th e i nd ucti ve acti on u pon th e
y yb
h eretofore i t wi ll be f ou nd th at th e elec tro
moti ve f orce of th e secondar ver near! cc
i nci des wi th th at of th e ri mery, eing , ow
,
y
second ar c ur rent egi ns to fl b
second ary beg i ns. Itresults, th erefore, th atth e
ow at a certai n
f rac ti onof aperi od later th anIt would wi th out
y
t th e same ti me th e
b
zs ever, of o osi te si g n. 75
on pp th e i nterposed sh i eld, and si nce th i s retarda
th pri mar and secondary , log o
h i nd th ei r respec ti ve electro moti ve f orces ;
b ut as th is lag is practi cally or nearl th e
‘
-

y ti on may be o tai n b y
ed wi th ou t necessari l te
tard i ng th e pri mar c u rrent also, an addi
y
sam e in th e case of each i t f ollows th at th e ti onal lag is sec ured, and th e ti me i nterval b e
30 maxi m u m and m i ni mum of th e pri mar and
y
second ar c u rrents will nearly coi nc i d e, b u t
y tween th e maxi mu m or m i ni mu m peri ods of
th e pri mar and second ar cu rrents i s lny
8e

d iner i n sig n or di recti on, provi ded th e sec ave f urth er d iscovered th at such
ondary b e not load ed or if i t contai n d evi ces
c reased .
a transform er may, by p p
ro
i ng i ts several elements and d etermi ni ng i n
er l p p
r o o y
rti on s

h avi n th e property of self i nd ucti on. O n

yb
-

85
35 th e 0 or hand, th e lag of th epri mar
th e i mpressed electro moti ve force may b e di
-

mi nish ed b y load i ng th e secondar wi th anon

eh i nd

y b y
amanner well u nderstood th e preper relati ons
etween th e pri mar and second ar wi nd i ngs,
k
y
i nd ucti ve or dead resistance—su ch as i ncan
d escent lamps—wh ere by
th eti me i nterv albe
th e th i c ness of th e m ag neti c sh i eld, and oth er
condi tions, be construc ted to i eld a constant y
c u rrent at all loa d s. N o p reci se ru les can b e
40 tween th e m axi m u m or th e mi ni mum peri ods
y bbyi
g i v e n f or t h e s pe c i fic co n st ruc t on a n d p r o 90
of th e ri mary and secondar currents is i n ti n f e i n th e e t e lt a t h i s
dt p o r o s o r s c u r g s r s u s, s
This ti me i nterval, h owever, is li m
creasc
i ted , and th e results o tai ned p hbase di f b is a m atter determi ned experi m ent and
calcu lati on i n parti cular cases ; b ut th e g en
I
y b
f erence i n th e operati on of snc d evi ces as eral plan of constru ction wh i ch h ave d e
45 my alternati ng c u rrent moto rs can onl be
y sc ri ed wi ll be f ound u nd er all cond i ti ons to 95
-

approxi matel reali zed by such means of pro

d uc ing or securing th i s di aerence, as a ov e
b b cond uce to th e attai nment of th i s result.
I n th e accompany ing d rawi ngs h ave illus I
i ndicated , for i t i s d esi ra lei nsuch cases th at
b
th ere sh ould ex ist etween th e ri mary and
trated th e construction a ove set f orth . b
F i gu re 1 i s a cross sec ti on of a transf ormer
b
-

secondary c urrents, or th ose wh ch , h owever em ody i ng my i mprovement. F i g . 2 is asi mi roo

 y
lar v iew o f a mod i fi ed f o rm of transf ormer, b
tor, one of th e c i rc u i ts ei ng connec ted wi th
sh ow i ng d i ag ram mati call th e manner of
usi ng th e same .

AA i s th e m ai n core of th e transf ormer,

by
th e m ai n c i rc u i t f ro m th e sou rce E, and th e
oth er ei ng su ppli ed wi th c u rre nts f ro m th e

5 c a
m
n o f a r i n g of so f t annealed and i nsu
mdized i ron wi re. pon th i s coreU
sec ond ar

I clai m is
b
of th e transf ormer.
Hav i ng now desc ri ed m y i nvention, wh at
h l
y
is wou nd th e secondar c i rc u i t o r coi l
Thi s latter is th en covered wi th a la er or
B.
y B
b
1 . In an elec trical transf o r mer or i nd ucti on

layers of annealed and i nsu lated i ron wi res

C
netic co re and th e pri mar a y
d ev ic e, th e com i nation, wi th th e m ain mag
nd second ar y
y y
C , wou nd i n a di rection at ri g h t angles to
b
coils or c i rc u i ts, of am ag neti c sh i eld or sc reen
to

sai d second ar coi l O ver th e wh ole is th en

.

wo u nd th e pri mar coil or wi re D

th e natu re of th i s constru c ti on i t will soon
F ro m D
.
i nte rposed etween sai d coi ls, as h erei n set
f orth .
2 . In anelec trical transfo rmer or i nd ucti ve
b e ob vi ou s th at as long as th e sh i eld f ormed
rs by th e wi res
y C i s below mag netic satu rati on
y y
d ev ice, th e comb i nation, wi th th e mag neti c
co re and th e pri mar and secondar y co ils or
th e sec ond ar coi l or c i rc u it is eff ec tuall pro »

y
tected or sh ield ed f ro m th e i nd uc ti ve i nflu
I
y
c i rc ui ts, of a mag netic sh i eld or sc reen su r
ro u nd i ng one of said coi ls onl , as set fo rth .
enc e of th e p ri mar , alth o ug h
b
wo uld state
th at o n open c i rc u i t i t may exh i i t so meelec b y
3. In an elec tri cal transformer or i nd uc ti on
d evi ce, th e com i nation, wi th th e mag netic
y
y
tro m oti ve forc e W h en th e streng th of th e core and th e pri mar and secondar coils
-
.

p ri m ar rea c h e s a c erta i n value, th e

beco m i ng saturated , ceases to pro tec t th e sec
sh

ond ary f ro m i nd uc ti ve ac ti on, and c u rrent is

i eld C,
b
wou nd th ereon, of a m ag netic sh i eld or ac ces s
wou nd on or u ilt up arou nd one onl of said
coi ls, as d esc ri bed .
y
q
3 5 lar reaso ns, wh en th e

k
y
i n co nse uence dev eloped th erei n. F or si mi
ri mar c u rrent wea
p y k b
4 . In an elec tri cal transformer or i nd uc tion

y
devi c e, th e com i nation, wi th a mai n lami
m
ens, th e wea eni ng o th e seco ndar
tard ed to th e same or approx i matel th e sam e
extent.
y
i s re
b
nated mag neti c core and pri ar and second
ary coils th ereon, of a su d i vid ed or lami
nated mag neti c sh ield or sc reen i nterposed
Th e spec i fi c c onstru ction of th e trans former between th e co ils, as set forth .
30 i s la rg e l y i m
A
m a te r i al. I n F i g ,. 2 f o r e x am 5 . I n a n e le c tr i c al tra n s f or m e r, th e co
y
m b i

y y m
p le t h e co re i s b u il t u p of t h i n i n s ula te d n a ti on w i th a a g net i c co re a n d p ri m ar
k
, ,

i ro n plates or d i s s . Th e pri mar c i rc u i t D and secondar coi ls wou nd th ereon, of a mag

i s wou nd next th e core A. O ver th is i s ap netic sh i eld or sc reen i nterposed b etween

y b b
p li e d th e sh i eld C ,
w h i c h i n th is c as e i s m ad e s a i d co i ls a n d s ur rou n d i n g o n e o f th em a n d

y d
y m
35 p
u o f th i n s t ri ps o r p l a te s o f i ro n p ro p e rl a a p te d to b e o r c ap a l e o f e i n g a g n eti c
i nsulated and su rrou ndi ng th e pri mar , f orm
b
all satu rated b y a pred eterm i ned cu rrent
i ng a closed m ag neti c ci rc ui t. Th e sec on strength elow th e max i m u m i n th e pri mar , 80 y
«w
2, a a s i s wou nd ov er th e sh i eld C . In F ig . as set f orth .

y
E is a sou rce 0 ralternating or rapi dl y I N K OLA TESL A
40 ch ang i ng c u rrents. Th e pri mar of th e trans
'

fo rm er i s connec ted wi th th e c i rc u i t of th e W i tnesses

generato r. R os r. F . Gs r w an,
-

F i s a two c i rc ui t alternati ng c u rrent mo

- o
Paaxs a W . AG E.P
( ll o l od el. )

N TESL
. A.

BLEOTBO MAGNETIC MOTOR

.

No . Patented Au g . 5 , 1890.
 UN IT E D ST AT E S PAT E N T OFFICE .

I
N KOLA TESLA o r N EW Y O RK N. Y ASSI GN OR TO TH E TESLA ELECTRIC
PAN Y
.
, , ,

C OM , or SAME PLACE .

ELEC TRO M AO N ETIO M O TO R.

-

sr scm can ox formi ng part of Letters Patent N o . dated Au g ust 5 , 1 8 90.

Applicationfiled April B
urial so . onmodel.)

To all wh om i t m ay concer n
Be i t k nown th at I NIK OLA TESLA a sub
by
i t more p ro nou nc ed to u tili ze i t
rend eri ng
i n th e operati on of m otors i n g eneral Th i s
j j ,

ec i of th e E mperor of Austri aJ Iu ngary f ro m

Sm i l an Li ka bord er cou ntr of Austri a
,

yk
, o b e c t att a i n co ns tr u j
c ti n g a d I
eld m a n
g et by -
.

y , ,

H u ngar , resi d i u at N ew o r , i n th e count

and S
Y y
i n wh i c h th e parts of th e core or co res th at
exh ib i t at d i ff erent i ntervals of ti me th e m ag
tate of N ew ork, h ave i nvented certai n netic effec t i mparted to th em alternati n by
g
I
new and usef u l mpro vements i n Elec tro Mag q
or e ui valent c u r rents i n an energ i zi ng coxl
-

neti c Moto rs, of wh i ch th e followi ng i s aspec i fi or coi ls are so plac ed wi th relati on to a rotat

y
cati on, ref erenc e b ei ng h ad to th e d rawi ngs ac
com pan i ng and for m i ng s part of th e same.
i ng armatu re as to exert th ereon th ei r attrac t
i v e eflec t successi vel i n th e ord er of th ei r 60
’

Th i s i nventi on i s an i mprovement i n alter mag netizatio n By th i s means sec u re a .

y I
I
bj
nati ng c ur rent moto rs, and h as for i ts g eneral si mi lar res ult to th at wh ich h ave h eretofore
y
-

o ec t to prod uc e a si ng le c i rc u i t.alte rnati ng

-
attai ned i n oth er f orms or t pes of m otor i n
q
c u rrent tor u e motor of economi cal and si m
-
wh i c h by means of one or more alternati ng
ple constru c tion. c u rrents h ave prod uced a rotati on or pro I
Th e natu re of th e i nvention wi ll be u nd er g ression of th e magneti c poles or points of
sto od f ro m th e follo wi ng statement. maxi mu m attrac tio n of th e field of f orce.
k
It i s well nownth at i f am ag neti c core, even In th e d rawi ngs I h avesh own asi mple f orm

y
i f lam i nated or su bd i v id ed , be wou nd wi th an of motor, wh i ch wi ll serve to d emonstrate th e
I
pri nc i ple of th e mod e of operati on, wh ic h
b
i ns ulated coil and a c u rrent of elec tri c i t d i
rooted th ro ug h th e coi l th e mag neti zati on of
th e enti re c ore d oes not i m med i atel ensue, yb
h ave above d esc ri ed i n g eneral ter ms.
F i g u re 1 i s a sid e elevation of such motor .

all parts si mu ltaneou sl . Th i s y

th e m ag neti zi ng ed ec t not b ei ng ex h i i ted i n F ig 2 i s a si d e elevati on of a more prac ti ca
I
attrib uteto ble and effic i ent em od i ment of th e i nven
th e f act th at th e ac tion of th e c u rrent i s to ti on. F i g 3 i s a c entral verti cal section of
.

.
b
energ i ze fi rst th ose lam i na; or parts of th e th e same i n th e plane of th e ax is of rotati on.
j
.

co re nearest th e su rface and ad ac ent to th e R ef err i ng to F ig . 1, let ! represent alarge

exc i ti ng co il, and f ro m th ence th e ac ti on pro
-
i ro n core, wh i ch m ay be co m posed of a nu m
g resses toward th e i nterior. Acertai n i nter ber of sh eets or lam i um of soft i ron o r steel.
val of ti me th eref ore elapses b
etween th e S u rrou nd i ng th is core i s a coi l , wh i c h i s 80 Y
y y
y
m ani f estation of m ag netism i n th e external connec ted wi th a sou rce E of rapi d l var i ng -

and th e i nternal sections or la ers of th e core. c u r rents. L et us consi der new th e mag neti c

th ic k
b
I f th e co re be th i n or of small m ass, th is eff ect condi tions exi sti u i n th is c ore at any poi nt,
may be i napprec ia le; b u t i n th e case of a as b, at onnear t e c enter, and any oth er
c ore, o r even of a c omparati vel th i n i n t y n h f W h n a
p o , as a, ea rer t e s u r a c e. e c u r
one, i f th e nu m b er of alternati o n o r rate of
y
rent i m pu lse i s started i n th e m ag neti zi ng
b
-

ch ang e of th e c u rrent streng th h e ver

b
c oi l Y th e sec ti on or part at a,

g reat t h e ti me i nter val occ u rri ng etween th e th e cell, is i m med iatel energ ized , wh i le th e
ei ng c lose to
y
of th e core and i n th ose parts ad ac ent to th e
k
c o i l i s m ore m ar ed , and i n th e constru c tion
j
mani fes tati ons of m ag neti sm i n th e i nteri or sec ti on or part at b wh i c h , to u se a conv en
i snt expressi o n, i s pr o te s t
veni ng sec ti ons or la ers b etween a and b,
er th e i nt e r
y by
of suc h appa
si g ned to b e r u n by
ratus as m oto rs wh i ch are d e d oes not at onc eexh i bi t tamag neti sm How
q
alternati ng or e u i valent ever, as th e m ag neti zatn
c u rrents — s uc h as p u lsati ng or u nd ulati ng
o n of a i nc reases, b
, .

y
c rrents gene all
u r — yy
and even necessar to g i ve d ue consi derati on on t h e w e a e
b
b eco mes also aff ec ted , reac h i ng fi nall i ts
I h av e fou nd i t des i ra le max i mu m streng th so me ti me later th an a
ni n o f U
t h e c u rre n t th e m ag k
.

p g
k
b
to th i s ph enomenon and to ma e spec ial pro
v i sions i a ord er to o v i ate i ts cons e u enc es.
j
b
neti zati on of a first di mi nish es, wh i le b still
q
exh i i ts i ts maxi m u m streng th ; b u t th e con
Th e spec i fic ob ec t of my present i nventi on i s ti nned wea eni ng of a i s attend ed b y a sub k
k
to ta e ad vantage of th is ac ti on or eff ec t, and se uent wea eni ng of b. Assu m i ng th e c ur q k
rent to be an alternati ng one, a will now b e
b
sec ti ons are si m ilarl weakened . y
th en eg i n to ex h i b i t an opposi te polari t ,
B may 60 B
y
rev ersed , wh i le b sti llco u ti nu es of th e fi rs t i m
-

p a rt e d p o la r i ty T h i s ac ti o n c o n ti n u es th e w h i ch i s f ollo wed later b y a si m i lar c h ang e

C
.

mag netic cond i tio n of f ollowi ng th at of a i n on C , and th i s ac ti on c onti nu es . B and B

th e m anner above d esc ri b ed If an arma may th erefore b e consi d ered as separate field
k
.

tu re— for i nstance, a si m ple d i s F , m ou nted

y
m ag nets, b ei ng extend ed so as to act on th e 65
—
p r o xi m iy
to ro tate f reel on an ax s b e b roug h t i nto
t t o t h e co
i
re, a m o vement o f rota
k
armature i n th e m ost effi ci ent posi ti o ns, and
th e effec t i s si m i lar to th at i n my oth er f orm s
of m oto r —v i a , a ro tati on o r prog ressi on of
ti on wi ll b e i m parted to th e d is , th e d i rce
ti on d epend i ng u
y
i t i ts posi ti on relati vel to y th e m ax i m u m poi nts of th e field of f orc e. Any
armatu re—such , f or i nstanc e, as a d is k
th e core, th e ten enc b ei n to tu rn th e por
k
tion of th e d is nearest to t e c ore f ro m a to mo u nted i n th is field wou ld rotate f ro m th e
b, as i nd i cated i n F i 1 . Th is ac tion o r pri n p ol e fi rst to ex h i b i t i ts m ag n eti s m to th at
c i pi c of operati on I ave emb od i ed i n a prac wh i ch exh i b i ts i t later.
ticab le f o r m o f moto r, w h i c h i s i llu strated i n It i s ev id ent th at th e pri nc i ple h erei n d e
Let Ai n said figu re represent a ci r j
F ig 2. .

ec lar f ram e of i ron, f ro m d i am etri call oppo y -

sc ri b ed m ay b e carri ed o u t i n c o n u nc ti on 75
wi th oth er m eans, su c h as I
h ave elsewh ere
set f orth , f o r sec u ri ng a mo re f avorab le o r
si te poi nts of th e i nte ri or of w h i c h th e c ores
j m
p
p a
ro
r t
e
s
c t
B
.

,
E
B
a
,
c h
a n
co
d
r
C
e i
,
s
a
co
n d
f ormed wi th a strai g h t porti o n or od 8 ,
m p
t
o
h
s
e
e
y
d o
a
f t h ree m ai n
re si m i larl

b y y e c i ent ac ti on of th e m oto r F or exam ple,

th e polar ex tensi ons of th e sec ti ons C m ay b e
wou nd or su rrou nd ed b y c losed coils L, as i n 80
.

d i cated b y d otted li nes i n F i g . 2 . Th e eff ec t

arou nd wh i c h th e energ i zi ng c oi l is wou nd , a
y
-

c u r ved arm or extensi o n c, and an i nward l o f th ese coi ls wi ll b e to sti ll m ore efi ec ti v ely

p ro j e c ti n g p o le o r e n d d . E a c h co r e i s m a d e retard th e mag neti zati on of th e polar ex ten

u p of two parts BB , wi t
h th ei r polar exten si ons of C .
C
b
si ons reac h i ng i n one di rec ti on and a part
etween th e oth er two and wi th i ts polar ex
O
tensi o n reach i ng i n th e pposi te d i rection.
y
I d o not w ish to b e u nd erstood as li m i ti ng 85
m self to any parti c ular constr uc ti on of th i s
f or m o f motor, as th e sam e pri nc i ple of ac ti on
I n ord er to lessen i n th e cores th e c i rc u lati on
of c u r rents i nd u c ed th erei n, th e sev eral sec vari ety
o r operati o n m ay b e c ar ried o u t i n a g reat
of f o rms.
I
y
ti o ns are i nsulated f ro m one anoth er i n th e
m anner us u all f ollowed i nsuc h c ases Th ese
D .
W h at c lai m i s
1 . I n an alternati ng c u rrent m otor, th e
-

cores are wou nd wi th coi ls ,

wh i c h are c o n co mbi nati on, w i th an energ i zi ng c oi l and a -

u seted i n th e sam e c i rc u i t, ei th er i n parallel core com posed of two parts, o ne protec ted
or seri es, and suppli ed w i th an alter nati ng or
a pulsati ng c u rrent, pref erab ly th ef o rm er,
a g enerato r E, represented d i ag ramm ati call
byy
.
f ro m m ag neti zatio n b y th e o th er i nterposed
between i t and th e coil, of an ar matu re 95
m ou nted wi th th e i nfluenc e of th e field s of '

Between th e cores or th ei r polar ex tensi ons i s

y
mou nted a c li nd ri c al o r si mi lar arm atu re
F , wou nd wi th m ag neti zi ng coils G , th at are-
f orc e p rod uc ed b y sai d par ts, as set fo rth
2 . Th e co m b i nati on, i n an alter nati ng c u r
rent m otor, of a rotati ng armatu re, a fi eld
-
.

c losed u pon th emselves, as i s u su al i n mo tors

y
mag net c o m posed of a c oil and a c ore wi th 1 0 0
’

of th i s g eneral c lass
b
two sec ti ons i n pro xi mi t to th e c o i l and an
’

Th e Operati on of th i s motor i s as follows : w

bi nner sec tion et een th e sam e, th e sec ti o ns
'

rec ted th roug h th e coi ls D

W h en a c u rrent i mpu lse or alternation i s d i
, t e sec ti o ns BB
h
ei ng f o rm ed o r pro vid ed wi th polar projec
ti ons extend i ng i n c ppos i te d i rec tio ns over o r

p ro x i iy
of th e cores, b ei ng ou th e s u rfac e and i n c lose
m t
T
to t h e co i ls , a r e i m m e d i atel ener y b
aro und th e armatu re, as set f o rth .
3. Th e co m i nati o n, i n an alternati ng c u r -

g
p
i
r
z
o
e
t
d
e
.

c t e d
h
f
e
r o
se
m
c t
t
i
h
o
e
n s
m
C
a
,

g
o
n
n
e
t
t
th e co i l b y th e i nter posed la ers of i ro n BB
h
i z
e

y
i n
o

g
th
i
e
n
r h
u fl
a
e
n
n
d, are
c e o f
.
rent m oto r, of a ro tati ng armature, a f rame
and field mag nets th ereo n, eac h c o mposed of
-

an energ i zi ng coi l wou nd aro u nd a co re mad e

-

As th e mag neti sm of BBi nc reases, h owever,

y u p o f ou ter and i nner or protec ted mag neti c n o

y
th e sec ti ons 0 are also energ i zed ; b u t th e d o sec ti o ns, eac h of wh i ch i s f o rmed o r prov i d ed
wi th i nd epend ent laterall extend ed pole
j
not attai n th ei r m axi m u m strength u nti l a
q
c ertai n ti me su bse uent to th e ex h i b i tion b y p iec es or pro ec ti ons, as h erei n d esc ri bed
U
.

th e sec tio ns BB o f th ei r m axi m u m pon

k
.

th e wea eni ng of th e c u rrent th e m ilg netic I

N KO LA TESLA .

streng th of B Bfirst d i m i ni sh es, wh i le th e W i tnesses

sec ti ons C h ave sti ll th ei r m ax i m u m streng th ; R oar F . G AY LO RD ,
K
.

b u t as BB conti nue to weaken th e i nteri or P

AR ER W P AG E . .
 N T ES LA .
.

BLBorno l acu namoron.

No
. Patent ed Jan
. 2 7, 189 1 .
 UN I T ED ST A T E S PAT ENT OFFIC E .

I
N K OLA TESLA, o r N EW YOR K N Y ASSIG N OR TO THE TESLA ELECTRI C
PAN Y
. .
, ,

COM , or SAME PLAC E .

ELEC TRO -
M AO N ETIO M O TO R .

sr ncm carrox for m ing pu t of

'
Letters Patent N o . dated Janu ar y 9 7 , 1 8 9 1 .
A
ppli cati on M i n, co.1 m “ S
eri al t o . o nmodel.)

To all wh om i t m ay concer n su i ted k

to wor i ng cond i tions i s th e spec i fic
Be i t k nown th at I N IKOLATEs LA
.

j
,

A y
, a s ub ob ec t o f m y present i nventi on.
Th e f ollowi ng explanations wi ll serve to
j
y
cet ofth e E m ror of u stri a Hu ngar , f ro m
j k
-

Sm i l an, Li a, rd er countr o f Austri a H un

y Y k y b
illustrate th e pri nc i ple upon wh ich sai d i n
-

I
5 g ar , res id i ng at N ew o r , i n th e c ou nt and
Y k
State of N ew or , h ave i nvente dc ertai n new
I
and usef ul mprovements i n Electro Mag neti c -
vention i s
y ased . .et i t b e assu med th at an
o rd i nar alternati ng c u rrent generator is c on
-

nec ted u p i n a c i rc u i t of prac ticall no self y

Motors, of wh ic h th e f ollowi ng is a spec i fic a i nd uc tion, s uch , f or exam ple, as a c i rc u i t con

y b
t ion, ref erenc e ei ng h ad to th e d rawi ngs se
ro com an i n and f o rm i n a art of th e same.
tai ni ng i nc and esc ent lam ps onl . O nth e op
eratio u of th e m ac h i ne alternati ng c u rrents
y
p g g p
Among th e vari ous fo rms of alternati ng wi ll b e d eveloped i nth ec i rc u i t, and th eph ases
enrrent m o tors i nv ented b y me i s o ne wh ich of th ese c u rrents wi ll th eoreti c al! coi nc id e
I
b
h ave d esc ri bed i n oth er applicati ons, and wi th th e ph ases o f th e i m press ed e eetro mo -

ti ve forc e. Suc h c u r rents m ay b e regard ed

b
w h ich i s construc ted as follows : I u i ld afield

y
cor e wi th , say , fou r poles,
”
etween wh i ch is and d es ig nated as th e u nretard ed c u rrents.
m ou nted an armatu re th at i s g enerall wou nd
w i th closed coi ls. On two o f th e opposi te
I y p ra c ti c e th ere i s alw a s m ore y
It wi ll be und erstood , of cou rse, th at i n
or les s s elf i a -

p oles of th e field wi nd pri mar c oi ls , wh ic h d u cti on i n th e c i rc ui t, wh i c h modi fies to acor

y
are co nnec ted up i n th e mai n c i rcu i t. O n th e respondi ng extent th ese c ond i ti ons ; b u t f or
3 0 same cores I
also wi nd secondar coils, wh i c h conveni ence th is m ay b e d isreg ard ed i n th e

y
are c losed th ro ugh c oi ls on th e oth er pai r or consi deration of th e p ri nc i ple of operation,
set of poles. In th is motor wh en an alternat s i nc e th e same laws appl . A
ssu me next

y y
i ng c urrent i s caused to pass th ro ug h th e pri th at a ath of c u rrents be fo rmed ac ross any

y y
m ar coi ls i t energ izes d i rec tl one set of two po nts o f th e above c i rc ui t, consisti ng ,
poles and i nd uces c u rrents i n th e sec ondar . for example, of th e pr i mar of an i nd uction
d evi ce. The ph ases of th e c urrents passi ng
y
coi ls, wh ic h ac t to energ i ze th e oth er
poles ;
b ut th e ph ases of th e c urrent i n th e second th rough th e pri mar , owi ng to th e self i n -

y d uc tion of th e sam e, will not coinc ide wi th

ary c oi ls m ay d i ff er i n tlm e f ro m th ose of th e °

p ri mar c u rrent, and h ence a rotation or sh i f t

b
th e ph ases of th e i mpressed elec ro moti ve so t ~

b y y
f orc e, b u t will lag eh i nd th e same, such lag
3 0 i ng of th e poles i s effec te d th at i mparts rota

y
ti on to th e motor. ei ng d i rec tl proporti onal to th e self i nd uc -

Th ese motors may be construc ted i n man

y
y I y
oth er wa s ; b u t f or pu rposes of th i s case i t i s
ti on and i nversel proportional to th e resi st
anc e o f th e said c oi l. Th e i nserti on of th is

yy b coi l w ill also cau se a lagg i ng or retardati on

‘

onl nec essar to co nsid er th e spec i fic f orm

35’
w h i ch h ave th us g enerall desc ri ed , as my of th e c u rrents traversi ng and d eli vered b y

bj
i mprovements relate mai nl to suc h form.
Th e o ect Of m y present i nvention i s to
th e generato r b eh i nd th e i m pressed elec tro
moti ve fo rce, su c h lag bei ng th e mean or re
render th i s f orm of motor mo re effic ient and
to i mpro ve i ts action or m od e of Operatio n. p ri m a r y
saltant of th e lag O f th e c u rrent th rough th e
a lo n e a nd th a t of w h at h a v e dIes

b
In th e moto rs c o nstruc te d i n accord anc e i g nated th e u nretard ed c u r rent i n th e
wi th th is pri nc i ple I
ri ng two energ i zi ng k
enti re wor i ng c i rc u i t. N ex t consid e th e
(
-

c i rc u i ts i nto i nd u c ti ve relati on i n th e motor

—
i ts elf th at i s to say , th e sec ond ar c u rrents y cond i ti ons i mposed b y the assoc iati on a i n

second ar coi l. T yy
d ucti ve relati on wi th th e pri mary coil of a
wh i ch energ i ze one set of th e field c ores are
y
h e c u rrentgenerated i nth e
y
-

i nd uced i n th e moto r i tself , and th e emplo

m ent of an external i nd uc tion d evi c e is th us
sec ondar
y
coil wi ll reac t upon th e pri mar
c urrent, m od i f i ng th e retard ati on of th e
avoi ded . Th e Operati on of th ese motors, h ow same, acc o rd i ng to th e amou nt of self i nd uc
y
-

ever, i s d e
c ertai n d i erence of ph ase b
ndent u pon th e existenc e of a
etween th e c u r y
ti on and resi stanc e i n th e second ar c i rcu i t.
If th e seco ndar c i rc u it h ave b u t li ttle self
i nd uc ti on—as, tor i nstance, wh en i t contai ns
coi ls. T
'

b
rents i n th e ri mary and seconds
'

o tai n a d i erence of ph ase or ag th at is

o
—
i ncandescent lamps only i twill i ncrease th e
(l o
N T ES LA
. .

m on o m an tl e x erox
.

No . Patented Ju ne 3 0
, 1891
.
 UN E
I T D STAT E S PAT E N T OFFI C E .

N I K O LA TE SLA . O F N EW YO R K. N . Y .

ELEC TRO -
M AO N ETIC M O TO R.

m m : form i ng ” (1 Letter h u nt N o. an d Ju ne w .1 80 1 .

Appli e d“ l ied January h e!I ; I t at “;

To all wh om i t m ay co ncer n and operat i on o f m y m oto rs as b y pro d u c i ng

Be i t k no wn th at I. N IK O LA TESLA a s u b a d i ff ere nce i n ph ase i n th e t w o c n c n m ng
z

j cet of th e Em pero r of Aus tria f ro m Smi ljan

,

c i rc u i ts o f an alternati ng w u r rc u t m o to r b y Q Q
Li ka bo rd er co u ntry o f Au str ia Hu ngary and
. .

co nnec ti ng th e two c i r u i ts i n d c r n atlo n and

c
-

k
, .

s resid i ng at N ew Yo r . i n th ec ou nty and State

Y
’

c o nnec ti ng u p s co nd enser i n ser ies i n o nc o l

of N ew k
o r . h av e i nv ente d certai n new and th e c i rc u i ts : b u t s uc h appli cati o ns seem to b e
usef u lI m pro v ements i n Ele tro Mag neti c Mo c -
o b v io u s to one fami li ar w i th m v m oto m and
tors. of w h i c h th e fo llo w i ng i s a s pec i fic at i o n. th e f ac ts ab o ve enu merate d .

referenc e b ei ng b ad to th e ac c o m pany i ng I My present i m prov c menta h m vc v c r. posses s

to drawi n s
g c er tai n no v el f eatu res o f prac t ic al v alu e and
j k
.

Th e s u b ec t o r my present i nv entio n i s an
y a ts less g enerally
i nv o l e a no le dg o
v w e
f f c

im pro vem ent pri m ari l d es ig ne d for appli c a k no n.w l

' ‘

h ese i m p r o v e m e n ts c o m p r i s e th e

y
ti on to altem ati ng c u rrent m oto rs o f th e u se of a co nd enser or c o nd ensers i ll c o nnec
- o<
'

spec i al t pe i nv ented b y m e, s ad of w h i c h th e tion w ith th e i nd uced o r arm atu re c i rc u i t o r

I o erati on i s d u e to th e ac ti o n o f alternati n
s p g a moto r and certai n detai ls o f th e w u s tr u c
currents d i ff er i ng i n ph ase and d i rec ted ti on of suc h m otors. In a n a l t e
r nati ng c u r -

th ro ug h o r d ev eloped i n i nd epend ent ener rent m oto r o f th e type to w h i c h I h av e par

g i zi ng c i rc-
u i ts i n t h e m o to r, ari d caus i ng a ti c u larly ref erred abo v e.or i n any o e t h r w
h ic h
shi f ti ng o r ro tati on of th e m ag netic po les or h as an ar matu re c oi l r c o i r c
u i t c lo sed u p on
20 th ei r resu ltant attrac ti ve f orc es u o n th e ro
p i tself , th e latter represents no t o nly an i n
tati ng elem ent or ar m atu re
My i m pro v ements are ased u pon c ertai n b .

c all y y
d uc ti v e res istanc e, b u t o ne wh i c h i s per i o d i
v ar i ng i n v alu e, bo th o f w h i c h f ac ts
laws g o v er ni ng th e ac ti o n or eff ec ts prod u ced
by a c ond enser wh en co nnec ted to an elec tri c
’Sci rc u i t th ro u h wh i c h an alternati n or i n en
o f th e c o nd i tio ns
k
b
co m plic ate and rend er d i filc nlt th e at tai m u ent 75
es t s u i te d to th e m o s t c l
Th e oms i c m
i i
g g g c i ent wo r i ng o f th e mo to rs
k
.

eral an u nd ulati ng c u rrent i s m ad e to pass i

c eu t w o r i ng c o n d i t i o n s i n o th e r w o r ds c c

q
. , .

Someo f th ese eflec ts, and th osemost i mpo rtant
i nconnec ti onw i th m y i nv enti on, areas f ollows :
F i rst, i f th e term i nals o r plates of a c o nd enser
3° be co nnec ted wi th two po i nts of a c i rc u i t, th e
potenti als of w h i c h are m ad e to ri se and f all
u i re, first, th at f or a g i ven i nd u c ti v e c lIc c t
u po n th e arm atu r e
th ere sh o u ld b e th e g reat
est possi ble c u rrent th r oug h th e ar matu re o r
. y b
i nd uc ed coils, and , sec o nd , th at th ere s h o u ld
alwa s ex ist etween th e c u rrents i n th e en

y
i n rapi d succ ess i on, th e cond enser allo ws th e erg i z i n g a n d th e i n d u c e d c i rc u i ts a g i v en r c

passag e o r, more stri c tl spea i ng , th e trans k lati o n o f ph ase. li c nc e wh atev er tends to

ferrenc e o f a c u rrent, alth ough i ts plates o r
y d ec rease th e self i nd uc tio n and i nc reas e th e
-

3 5 arm atu res may b e so caref ull i nsu lated as to

y
prev ent alm ost com pletel th e passag e of a
current o f u nvar i n
y c u rrent i n th e i nd uc ed c i rc u i ts w i ll, o th e r

y
th i ngs b ei ng cq ual, i nc rease th e o u tp u t and
g s tr eng th or d i rec ti on effic i enc o f th e m o tor, and th e sam e w i ll b e
and o f mod erate elec tro m oti ve f o rce sec ond tru e o f c au ses th at operate to m ai nt ain th e no
;
-
,
i f a c i rc u i t th e ter mi nals of wh ic h are c on m u tual attrac t ve i e ff e ct b e
twee n th e field
; o nected w i th th e p lates of th e c o nd enser os mag nets and arm atu re at i ts lllll \ i lll ll lll . l
p
sess a c ertai n s elf i nd uc tion th e cond enser
-
se u re th ese resu lts b y c o nnec ti ng w i th th e
c
,
wi ll overcome o r c ou nterac t to a reater o r i nd uc ed c i rc u i t o r c i rc u i ts a c o nd e ns er i n th e
g
10“ q egl ee, d e end ent u on w ell u nd ers to ml
,

m anner h erei naf ter d esc ri b ed and 1 also , of,

‘

p p -
,

cond i t ons th e c iT
o

c c ts o f s uc h snl i m
i rth th is u . c o ns t r u c t th e m o
r h V
,
- n -

u
p p r o se i n v i c
ty i r dr i f two lfl i ll l ~ t ) P lu m n: r I II a s pec i al m anne r.
I
‘ -

c t r c ui t tinn u
-

Refer ri ng to th e d raw i ng s fo r a p ar ti c u lar

-

g
ri l l i ng M
d esc r i p ti o n O f th e i nventi o n F i g u ri l i s a
'

J a
'

mg ramm atic , o f an alte rnati ng

I h e 1
t o w h ic h m n c nti o n
.

y p r e
s e t ru v
'
l Ig . is a c entral se c ti o n. i n lrnc
'
- l
mi t, of ll Spoc iu l fo r m o f ar m atu rc
laptc d to th e i nventio n .
 si mi lar sec ti on of a mod i fi cation of th e same. and are h eld togeth er rod s er b olts L . Th e
b o lts pass th ro ug h a larg e h ole i n o ne plate
by
a o ne of th e sec ti ons o f th e co re d e
5 is a d i ag ram sh owi ng a m o di and a sm all h o le i n th e o ne next ad j acent, 7c
fied d ispos i tion o f ar matu re o r i nd u ced c i r and so o n, co nnec ti ng elec tri cally all o f plates
5 coi n. K , as one armatu re o f a c ond enser, and all o f
Th e general plan of th e i nventi on is i llus
b
’
p la t es K as th e ot h e r .

trated m F ig . l . A A i n th is fig u re repro To ei th er of th eco nd ensers ab ove d esc r i ed

by b
sent th e f rame and fi eld m a nets f an a l te
j th e ar matu re coi ls may e co nnec te d, as ex 75
r
g o
'
- -

nati ng c u rrent moto r, th e poles o r pro ec ti o ns

-
p la i ne d re f e re n c e to F i g . 1.

to of wh i c h are wou nd wi th co ils and C , f or m B In moto rs i n w h i c h th e armatu rec oils are -

i ng i nd epend ent energ i zi ng c i rc u i ts connec t-

closed u po n
°

t h e m s e lv es — a s,
f o r example, i n

cd ei th c r to th c so meor to i nd epc nd ent so u rc es any for m of alter nati ng c u rrent motor i n -

of alter nati ng c u rrents, as i s now well u nd er wh i ch o ne ar mature c oi l o r set of co i ls is i n 80

th e posi ti on of m ax i m u m i nd uc ti on wi th t e
stood , so th at th e c u rrents fl
y
owi ng th rou gh
'

spec t to th e field c o i ls or poles, wh i le th e o th er

rs the ci rc u i ts, respec ti vel , wi ll h ave a did or
enc e of ph ase. W i th i n th e i n uence of th is
D fl b
i s i n th e posi ti on of m i ni m u m i nd uc t o i n— th e
field i s an armatu re core , wou nd wi th coils
-
coi ls are pref era ly connec ted i n one seri es,

b by
and two poi nts of th e c i rc u i t th u s formed are
l
85
b
F. In my moto rs of th is d esc ri ption h ereto
fore th ese coi ls h ave een c losed u pon th em ri dg ed a co nd enser. Th is i s i lu strated
s elves, o r connec ted i na c losed seri es ; b u t i n i n Fi g. 5 , i n wh i c h E represents one set
the p resent case each coi l or th e connec ted of armatu re c oi ls and E th e oth er.
-
'
Th ei r
seri es o f coi ls term i nates i n th e oppos i te o i n ts of u n i o n a r e j o i ne d th ro u g h a co n
p
plates of a cond enser F . F or th is pu rpose
b d enser F . It wi ll b e observed th at i n th i s 90

d isposi tio n th e sel i nd u c ti on of th e two f

b
'

th e ends of th e seri es o f coi ls are ro ugh t ou t -

th ro ug h the sh aft to collecti ng ri ngs G, wh i c h

y
ranch es E and E v ari es wi th th eir posi ti on
’
35 -

are connec ted to th e cond enser b y contac t relati vel to th e field mag net, and th at eac h -

h rush es H and s ui tab le cond uctors, th e co n

b b ranch i s alternately th epredomi a ng so n t i u ree

Hence th e eff ec t of
l
d enser ei ng i nd ependent of th e mach i ne. of th e i nd uced c u rrent. 95
Th e armature coi ls are wou nd or connected f
j th e cond enser F is two o d . F i rst, i t i nc reases
b
-

i n suc h manner th at ad acent coils prod u ce th e c u rrent i n eaeh of th e ranch es alter

yb
'

3a ,

oppfl i to mi n nately , and , secondl , i t alters th e ph rase o f

b
es

Th e ac ti on of th is motor and th e el ec t of th e c urrents i n th e ranch es , th is ei ng th e

th e plan f ollowed i n i ts construc ti on are as well k nown ed ec t w h ic h resu lts f ro m such a
o
t oo
f ollows: Th e m otor bei ng started i n pera O
by
ti on and th e coi ls of th e fi eld m ag nets ei ng b b b
d ispos i ti o n o f a co ndenser wi th a c i rc uit, as
a ov e d esc ri ed . T h is eflec t i s avora le to f b
35
b
-

traversed alternati ng c urrents, c u rre nts th e proper work i ng o f th e m otor, ecau se i t

are i nd uced i n th e armatu re coi ls b y one set -
i nc reases th e fio w of c u rrent i nth e arm atu re
of fi eld coils, as B , and th e poles th us e s tab
b
c i rc ni ts d u e to a gi ven i nd u c ti ve eff ect, and
y
-
105
lish ed are ac ted u n by th e oth er set, as 0 . also because i t ri ngs more nearl i nto coi n
Th e armatu re cc is, h owever, h ave nec essa
4c
y l
c i denc e th e m axi m u m m ag neti c efi ec ts of th e
l
-

ril a h i gh self i nd u cti on, wh i c h a coac ti ng fie d and ar mature po es.

ppease th e
l
- -

flow of th e currents th us set u p. Th e con

y
d enser F not onl perm i ts th epassageor trans
It wi l be u nd erstood , of cou rse, th at th e
c auses th atcontri b u te to th e emc ienc y of con
l b
-
1 to
f errence of th ese c u rrents, b ut also cou nter dou sers wh en app i ed to such u ses as a ove

j y
s ets th e eff ec ts of self i nd uc tion and b
45 y a
bl
m ust be gi ven d u e consi derati on i n d etermi n
-
-

proper ad ustm ent of th e capac i t of th e con i ng th e prac ti c a i i ty and efii c i ency of th e

denser, th e self i nd uctionof th e coi ls, and th e
-
f
motors. C h i e among th ese i s, as i s well
peri od s of th e c urrents th e condenser m ay
h e mad e to overcome enti rel th e eff ect of y k nown, th e peri od i ci ty of th e c u rrent, and
I
ri s

so th e self i nd uction.
-

b
It i s pref era le on accou nt of th e u nd esi r y b
h ence th e i mprov ements wh i c h
i n d escri ed are more parti c u arl ad apted to
‘
h av e h ere

y l y
b
a ili ty of usi ng sli d i ng contacts of all i nds k
s stems i n wh i c h a v er h i gh rate of alterna

b lf
ti on or ch ange is mai ntai ned .
to associ ate th e cond enser wi th th e armature Alth ough th is i nventi onh as eeni l ustrated
k
direc tly, or ma e i t a part of th e armatu re.
r3 0

Ib
h erei n i n connecti on wi th a spec ial orm of
55 In some cases u i ld u p th e armature of ou
u c lar plates K K , h eld b
y olts L etween b b bl l
motor, i t wi l be u nderstood th at i t i s equal y
appli ca e to any oth er alternati ng c urrent -
l
h eads M, wh i ch are sec u red to th e d ri vi ng
by
motor i n wh i ch th ere i s a closed armature
sh af t, and i n th e h ollow s ace th us f or med I
plac e a cond enser F , generall
p
yby y
wi ndi ng th e lf
coxl wh erei n th e c u rrents are i nd uced th e
f I l 1 35

z
acti on of th e fie d, and , u rth ermore, wou d
cc two i nsu lated plates th ereof s i rall around state th at th e eatu re of uti li i n
p g th e plates
th e sh af t. In oth er cases u ti li ze th e lates I f
b l
p or sec ti ons of a mag neti c core for or mi n th e
g
of th e core i tself as th e
plates of th e con I
l
condenser, reg ard as appli ca le
, g eneral y ,
denser. F or m a i c, i n F igs. 3 and 4 N i s to oth er k i nds of a ternati ng c u rrent a a
g pp 1 30
-
,
th e d ri vi ng sh af t, M are th e h eads of th e
b
ratus.
-

65 arm atu re core, and K K th e i ron latc s of

'

b l
Hav i ng now desc ri ed my i nventi on, wh at
-

wh i ch th e core is uilt up. Th ese p tee are I c ai m i s

i nsulated f rom th esh af t and f rom oneanoth er 1 . Inanalternati ng c urrent motor, th e com -
,
 45

b i nati on, wi th th e field m ag nets and energi z

-
bl i nati on, wi th the i nd uced energ i i ng coil or z
i ng c i rc u i t, of an armatu re c i rc u i t and a core
- -
coi s of th e ar matu re, of a cond enser con
ad apted to be energ i zed b y c u rrents i nd uc ed u seted th erewi th and mad e a part of th e ar
'

i n i ts c i rc u i t by th e c ur rents i n th e field c i r
-
matu re or rotati ng element of th e motor.
6 . I nan alternati ng c u rrent moto r, thecom
y
c u i t, and s cond enser c onnec ted wi th th earm s
b l
-

ture c i rc u i t o nl . as set f orth .

l
i nati on, wi th an armature core com posed of
l ly
-

b i nsu ated cond uc ti ng p ates a ter nate con

2 Inan alternating c u rrent m otor, th eco m
- -

f
.

i nation, wi th armatu re co i ls i n i nd u c ti ve re
-
nec ted to or m ac ond enser, o f an i nd u ced on
lati on to th e field and c onnec ted i n a c losed erg i zi ng coi l or co i ls wo u nd th ereon and con
c i rc u i t, of a cond enser b ri d g i ng sai d c i rc u i t, u seted to th e plates or ar matures of th e said
as set f orth . condenser.
6. A mag neti c core f or alternati ng c ur re
b 3a In an alternati ng c u rrent moto r, th e co m
- nt -

ly
i nati on, wi th an arm atu re and two energ i z apparatus, co mposed of plates or secti ons i n
-
f
i ng c i rc u i ts ormed b y coi ls wound th ereo n i n s uls ted f rom eac h oth er and alternate c on
d i fi erent i nd uc ti v e relati ons to th e fi eld and nec ted to f orm th e two p arts or armatu res o f
’

j oi ned i n a conti nu ou s or c losed seri es, of a a cond enser.

c ond enser th e plates of wh i ch are c onnec ted , N IK L T ESL . O A A
respec ti vely , to th e j u nc ti ons of th e c i rc u i ts W i tnesses
f
o r co ils, as set orth . PARKE R W . PAG E ,

.
1 I n an alternati n c u rrent mo to r th e co
g
-

, m F RAN K ll . MUR PH Y .
 UN I T ED ST AT ES PA T EN T O F F IC E .

N IK OLA TESLA OF , N EW Y O RK , N . T O THE TESLA ELEC T R C I

C O MPAN Y , OF SAME PLAC E .

ELEC TRO -
M AG N ETIC M O TO R .

W hi t n e y -r t e! Letter- M l o .4 5 9 , 77 9 , datsd 8 eptem h m i .

I nfla tion filed A r a

p il .l ess. sci i nn
-
o. n model.)
( o

To all w h om it m ay wi th a c u rrent o f a v ery h ig h nu m ber o f al

Be it kno wn that I N m om TESLA a su b
, , ter nati o ns th e mo to r may no t respo nd p ro p
jec t of th e Em pero r o f Aus tr ia, f rom Sm i ljan er ly To avo id th i s ob jec ti o n and to star t u p
Li ka, border c ou ntry of Aus tria H ungary t e
.
,
-
a s y nc h ro nizi ng mo to r i n w h i c h th ese co nd i
k
,

5 si d i ng at N ew Y or , i n th e co u nty and State tio ns o b tai n i s th e o bjec t o f m y present i a

k
of N ew Y o r , h ave i nv ented certai n new and venti o n l h av e th e efo r e c om b i ne d two i nc
r

I
.

usef u l m provem ents i n Elec tro Magnetic to rs , o ne a sy nc h ro ni zi ng mo to r, th e o th er a

Moto rs, of wh i c h th e f o llo wi ng is a spec i fic a m u lti ple c i rc u i t o r to rq u e m o to r, and b y th e
I
-

ti on, ref erenc e bei ng h a d to th e d rawi ngs se latter b ri ng th e fi rs t named u p to speed ,

com panyi ng and f o rm i ng a par t o f th e same and th en ei th er th row th e w h o le c u r r ent i nto
k
.

As is well nown, certai n f orms of alter nat th e sy nc h ro niz i ng m o to r o r o perate jo i ntly

ing c ur rent mac h i nes h av e th e props rty , wh en
-
both o f th e mo to rs .
connected i n ci rc u i t wi th an alter nati ng c ur -
Th is i nvention i nv o lves several no vel and
rent generator, of ru nni ng as a moto r i n sy n usef ul f eatu res. I t wi ll be obser ved . i n th e
ch roni sm th er ewi th ; b u t wh i le th e alternati ng fi rst plac e, th at both moto rs are ru n w i th o u t
f k
y
current W ill ru n th e moto r a ter i t h as at
tai ned a rate of speed s nc h ronous wi th th at
of th e generator i t wi ll not star t i t Hence i n .
c o m m u tators of any i nd, and , secondly , th at
th e speed of th e torq ue mo to r may b e h i g h er
th an th at o f th e sy nc h roniz i ng moto r, as will
all i nstanc es h eretof o re wh en th ese sy nc h ro

b
ni xi ng moto rs, as th ey are ter med , h av e een
”
b be th e c ase wh en i t centai ne a to wer nu m ber
of poles o r sets of po les, so th at th e moto r wi ll

y
run, som e means h av e een ado pted to b r i ng

b
th e motors up to s nc h ronis m wi th th e gen
erato r , or appr oxi mately so, ef ore th e alter
b e m o re read ily and easily b roug h t u p to speed.
T h i rd ly , th e sy nc h roniz i ng m o to r may be con
str uc ted so as to h ave a muc h mo repro nounc ed
nati ng c u rrent of th e g enerator i s app lied to tend enc y to sy nc h ronis m wi th o u t lesseni ng
th e f ac ili ty wi th wh ic h i t is started
I
.

In an appli c ati on fi led F eb ruary 1 8, 1889 , In th e d rawi ngs h av e i llustrated th e i n

Serial N o. I
h avesh o wn and desc ri bed venti o n .

an i m pro v ed sy stem of operati ng th is class Fi g u re 1 is a pa t s c ti o nal V iew o f th e two

r e

of motors, w h i c h consi sts , b road ly , i n wi nd motors ; F i g . 2 , an end v i ew o f th e sy nc h ro niz 80

b
p i ng or arrangi ng th e moto r i n su c h m anner
th at by m eans o f sui ta le swi tc h es i t cou ld
be started as a mu lti ple c i rc ui t motor, or one
-
i ng mo tor ; F i g 3, an end v i ew and part sec
tio n of t e h to rq e
u
.

o r d o u b le~
c i rc u i t mo to r;
F ig . 4, a d iag ram o f th e c i rc u i t c onnec ti o ns
operati ng b y a prog ressi o n of i ts m ag neti c em ploye d; and F ig s. 5 , 6, 7, 8 , and 9 are d iap

y
poles, and th en, wh en u p to speed , o r nearly g ra m s o f m o d i fie d d is p o s i ti o ns o f th e two m o
so, conv erted i nto an ord i nar sy nch roni zi ng
motor, or one i n wh ic h th e magneti c po les I nasm h a uc nei th er m oto r is do i ng any
s
wer e si mply alternate d In so me cases, as w k wh i le th e
or c u rrent i s ac ti ng u po n th e
th e I p ef e t
.

b
wh en a larg e motor i s used and wh en th e o r, r r o ri g i dly c o nnec t th e two ar ma

nu m er of alternatio ns i s very h i g h th ere is , tures . I th eref o re mo u nt both u po n th e sam e

A th e field mag nets Bo f th e sy nc h ro
‘

b
so more or less d i fii c nlty j n b ri ng i ng th e mo to r sh af t -

tespeed as a dou le or mu lti ple c i rc u it mo -

nizi ng and C o f th e to rq u e mo to r b ei ng sec u red
to th e same base D . Th e p ref erab ly larger
b
tor , f or th e planof c onstr u c ti o n wh ic h rend ers
th e motor est adapted to ru n as a sy nc h ro'
sy nc h ro ni ai ng mo to r h as polar p rojec tio ns on

b
nixi ng mo tor i m pai rs i ts efii c i enc y as a torq ue i ts ar matu re, wh ic h rotate i n v ery c lose prox
or dou le c i rcu i t m otor u nd er th e assu med
-
i m i ty to th e po les o f th e field, and i n oth er
cond i ti ons on th e start Th i s will be read i ly
. respects i t co nf o r ms to th e cond i ti o ns , no w
u nd erstood , f or i n a larg e sy nc h ro ni zi ng m o well u nd erstood , th at are nec essary to sec ure
tor th e length of th e mag neti c c i rc u i t of th e po sy nc h rono us ac ti on. I p ref er, h o wever, to
wi nd th e po le pi ec es o f th e armatu re wi th
y b
lar projec ti ons and th ei r mass are so great th at -
1 00

c losed co i ls E, as th is ob v iates th e em ploy

appar entl consi d era le ti m e i s req u i red f o r
mag neti zati on and d emag neti ation Hence z . ment o f slid i ng co ntac ts. Th e s maller or
to rq u e moto r, th e o th er h and , h as, preter
on b
i n, f o r oth may b e acted u pon
rent at th e sam e ti me, and I h ave d evi sed va
th e cu r by
ab ly , a cy li nd ri cal armatu re F , wi th o u t polar
i s a nd wo u nd w i th c losed c o i ls G , as r ions d ispos i ti ons o r ar rangem ents of th e two
p j
ro e c t o n
I h av e d es c ri b ed i n m y rev i o us patents, m otors for acco m plish i ng th i s. Some of th ese
notab ly N o. dated J ay I, 1888 Th e arrang ements are i llustrated i n F ig s. 5 to 9.
.

fi eld c o i ls o i th e to rq u e m oto r are c onnec ted R eferri ng to F ig 5 , let T desig nate th e

'

I
- .

to rq ue or m u lti ple c i rc u i t m otor and S th e

,

u p i n two ser ies H and , and th e alternati ng

b
-

sy nc h ro nizi ng m oto r, LL ei ng th e li ne w i res

'
c u r rentf ro m th e g enerator i s d i rec ted th roug h
-

o r d i v id d b etween th ese two c i rc u i ts i n a y

e n f ro m a sou rce of alternati ng c u r rent. Th e 75
m anner to prod uc e a prog res s io n o f th e poles two c i rc u i ts o f th e torq u e motor o f d i tterent
o r po i nts o f m ax i m u m mag neti c s iT ec t. I f
d eg rees o f sel i nd uc tion, and d esignated b y
-

N M, are connec ted i n d eri vation to th e wi re

sec u re th i s r es u lt i n a c onv eni ent way by
y
‘

L. T h e are th en joi ned and connected to

co nnec ti ng th e two m o tor c i rc u i ts i n d eri v a
y
-

tio n wi th th e c i rc u i t f ro m th e g enerato r, i n th e energi zi ng c i rc u i t of th e s nch roni zi ng 80

-

serti ng i n o ne m o tor c i rc u i t a d ead resi st

-
m otor, th e Oppos i te termi nal o f wh i ch i s con
nected to wi re L. Th e two m otors are th us
’
anc e and i n th e o th er a self i nd uc ti on c oil, b y
-

w h ic h m eans a d i fference i n ph ase b etween i n seri es. To start th em I sh ort c i rc u i t th e

z
-

sy nch ro ni i ng m oto r by a swi tc h P , th ro wi ng

b b
’
th e two d i v is ions o f th e c u r rent i s sec u red .

I f oth motors h ave th e same nu m er o rdeld th e w h ole c u rrent th roug h th e torq u e m oto r.
p o les , th e to rq u e m o to r f o r a g i ven n u m b e r T h e n w h e n t h e d es i re d sp eed i s re a c h ed th e
swi tch P i s opened , so th at th e c u rrent passes
b
’
o f alter nati o ns wi ll tend to r u n at d o u b le th e

speed of th e o th er, f o r, assu m i ng th e c onnec

t io ns to b e s uc h as to g i ve th e b est res ults, i ts
th roug h oth m oto s.
r I n su ch an arrang e
ment as th is i t i s o viously d esi ra le f or b b
o les are d i v id ed i nto two ser i es and th e e n m i al a nd t h
b
e e a n t h a t a p pe e
o o c o r r so s r r
p c
nu m ber of po les i s v i rtu ally red uc ed one h alt,
b
relati o n etween th e speed s of th e two m otors
-

w h i c h b ei ng ac ted u pon b y th e sam e nu m er sh o uld be ob serv ed .

o f alter natio ns tend to ro tate th e ar matu re In F i g . 0 anoth er d i sposi tion i s i llu strated .
at twi c e th e speed . B y th i s means th e m ai n Si s th e sy nc h roni zi ng m oto r and Tth etorq u e
ar m atu re i s mo re easi ly b roug h t to o r abo ve m oto r, th e c i rc u i ts of oth ei ng i n parallel. 95 b b
y
t h e req u i red speed . W h en th e speed ne es W i s a c i rc u i t also i n d eri vati on to th e m otor
c

c i rc u i ts and c ontai ni ng a swi tch P . S is a

y z
’
sary f or s nc h ro ni s m i s i m parted to th e mai n
”

f
moto r, th e c u rrent i s sh i f ted rom th e torq u e s wi tc h i n th e s nch ro ni ing m otor c i rcu i t. O n -

th e start th e swi tch 8 i s opened, c u tti ng o ut

"
’
m oto r i nto th e o th er .

A c o nvenient arrang em ent f or carry i ng o ut th e motor S. T h en P i s o ened , th rowi ng [ 0 0

th i s i nv entio n i s sh o w n i n F ig I n said th e enti re c u rrent th rou gh t 0 m otor T, g i v
. p
fig u re J J are th e field co ils o f th e sy c h roni z
-
i ng i t a very strong torq ue. “ Th en th e d e
I
i ng , and II th e field co i ls of th e torq u e, m o si red speed i s reac h ed , s wi tch 8 i s c losed and
bb b By
-
’

to r. L L are th e cond u c to rs o f th e m ai n th e c u rrent d i vi d es etween oth m otors.

'

li ne . O ne end of , say , co i ls i i i s co nnec ted to m eans of swi tc h P ”

oth m oto rs m ay b e c u t 1 0 5
wi re Lth ro u g h a self i nd u c ti o n co il M. O ne o u t
y
-
.

end of th e oth er set of coi ls I i s c o nnec te d to In F i g . 7 th e arra ngem ent is substantiall

-

th e sam e w i re th ro ugh a d ead res i stanc e N . th e same, ex c ept th at a swi tc h T i s placed i n

’

Th e O pposi te end s o f th ese two c i rc u i ts are th e c i rc u i t wh ic h i nclu d es th e two c i rc u i ts of

connec ted to th e co ntac t m o f a s wi tc h th e th e to rq u e m oto r .

b
h and le o r lev er o f w h i c h i s i n co nnec ti o n w i th F i g 8 sh ows th e two m otors i n seri es, wi th
.

th e li ne w i re L O ne end of th e field c i rc u i t a sh u nt arou nd oth c ontai ni n a swi tc h ST .

'
g
- -
.

o f th e sy nc h ro ni zi ng m otor i s c onnec ted to T h ere is also a sh u nt aro u nd th e sy nch ro ni z

th e w i re L Th e oth er term i nates i nth es wi tc h
. i ng m o to r S ,
w i th a swi tch P . ’

c o ntac t n . F ro m th e di ag ram i t wi ll be read I n F i g . 9 th e same d i sposi tion i s sh own;

'
i ly seen th at i t th e lev er I b e tu rned o nto b u t eac h m otor i s prov i d ed with a sh u nt, i n
’

wh i c h are swi tc h es P and T , as sh own.

co ntac t m th e tor que m oto r w i ll s tart b y
b
’ ”

reaso n o f th e d iff erenc e o f ph ase etw een th e Th e m anner of operati ng th e sy stems will
c u rrents i n i ts two energ i zi ng c i rc u i ts. T h en b e u nd erstood rom th e f oregoi ng d esc ri p
-
f
wh en th e d es i red speed i s attai ned if th e le ti ons.
ver 1 b e sh i f ted o nto c o ntac t n th e enti re
’
I
y
d o not clai m h erei n th e ter ue m oto r nor
c u rrent w i ll pass th roug h th e fi eld c o ils of th e

b
-
any part th ereof , exc ept i n so ar as th e en:
sy nc h roni zi ng m o to r and th e oth er w ill b e ter i nto th e c o m i nati on wh i ch o rm s th e sub f
d o i ng no wo rk .
jc et of th is appli c ati o n, f or I h ave m ad e th e
Th e to rq u e moto r m ay b e c o nstru c ted and d i sti ng u i sh i ng f eatu res of sai d m otor th esu b 1 2 5
operated i n v ari o u s way s, m any o f w h ic h I
j cet o f o th er appli cati ons.
h ave d esc r i bed i n o th er applic atio ns ; b u t d o I
W h at I new c lai m i s
not d eem i t nec essary i n i llustrati o n of th e 1 An alternati ng c u rrent non synch roni z
. - -

pr i nc i ple of co ns tru c ti on and mod e o f o pera

b y
i ng elec tri c m oto r c ou pled wi th a sy nch roni z
ti o n of my p resent i nv enti o n to d esc ri b e th ese i n alternati n c u rrent m otor su stanti all
g g
b
-

f u rth er h erei n It i s no t nec essary th at o ne as set f o rth wh ere

.
,
,

y th e orm er starts th e
moto r be o ut o u t o f c i rc u i t wh i le th e oth er is latter and th rows i t i nto s nc h roni sm w i th
f
y
 i ts ac tuati ng c u r rent, and swi tch mech anism
-

y b
a starti ng d ev ice f or ri ng i ng sai d moto r i nto

b s nch roni sm w i th th e generator w i th w h i ch

f or d i rec ti ng th e c u rrent th roug h ei th er or
f
b
oth of th e m otors, as set orth i t i s connec ted .
b
-
.

Th e com i nati on of two m otors th e ar 5 . Th e com i nation, w i th an alternati ng

f b
5 matu res of wh i c h are m ou nted u pon th e same
sh a t, o ne of sai d m otors ei ng an alter nati ng
c ur rent m oto r composed of a m ulti polar al
ternati ng n eld mag net, and an ar matu re h av
-

i ng poles wound wi th coils c losed u pon th em

y
c u rrent to rq u e m otor, or one i n wh i c h th e
f
by z
m ag neti c poi nts or poles are pro r ssi vel selves, of a starti ng d ev i c e, as set orth .
ge
f
b b 6. Inan alter nati ng c u rrent motor, th e com
sh i ted th e ac ti o n of th e energ i i ng c u r
- -

xc rent, th e oth er m oto r ei ng an alternati ng i nati onof a field mag net h avi ng poles wou nd
-

c u rrentsy nc h roni z i ng m oto r, and swi tc h mec h wi th coi ls adapted wh en connec ted wi th a

or b
ani sm f or d i rec ti ng th e c u rrent th roug h ei th er

b f
oth of sai d m oto rs, as set orth .

3. Th e com i nation, wi th an alternati ng

y
sou rce of alternati ng c u rrent to p rod u c e si
mu ltaneousl oppos i te magneti c polari ti es

y
1 5 c u rrent s nch roni zi ng motor h av i ng one en
and an armatu re provi ded wi th poles or p ro
j e c t i o ns an d w
y
ou nd wi th coi ls co nn ec ted i n

z
erg iz i ng d eld , of analternati ng c u rrent torq u e a conti nuousl closed u nconnec ted c i rc u i t, as
- - -

motor h avi ng a plu rali ty of energ i i ng c i r f

set orth .
b
-

7. Th e h erei n d escri ed m eth od o f Operat

c u i ts and
a d apted to b e operated b y c u r rents
di ff eri ng i n ph ase, and a swi tc h f or d i recti ng
-

lternati ng c u rrent m otors, wh i ch consi sts

, i ng a
-

b
to th e alter nati ng c u rrent 0 1 c u rrents th rou g h i n ac tu ati ng a m oto r by an alter nati ng c u r

z
th e several c i rc u i ts of o ne m otor or th e si ng le rent to r i ng a second alternati ng c u rrent
c i rc u i t of th e oth er, as and f or th e pu r pose m o tor u p to sy nch roni i ng speed r elati v e to
f
set o rth
b y z
th e ac tu ati ng c u rrent and th en swi tc h i ng th e
. -

4 . Th e co m i nati o n, wi th an alternati ng s nch roni i ng moto r i nto c i rc u i t.

: 5 c urrent moto r h avi ng n ei d cor es w o u nd wi th
-
I
N K O LA T ESLA
.

l
coi ls ad apted to b e co nnec ted to a sou rc e of
a ternati ng c u rrents and an ar matu re wou nd
wi th i nd uc ed coi ls c losed u po n th em selves, o f
W i tnesses
(M os es N . Mous e,
ED W ARD T. Ev ans
( llo l l)
od o

TESLA
.

N . .

ELBOTBO u aeunrm moron

.

No. Patented Dec

. 8 , 18 9 1 .

1m m
 rents. As th e cond enser capac i ty wh ich i s
need ed i n any partic ular motor o f th is k i nd
b
i n i nd u cti ve relationth ereto, th ecom i nati on,
y
wi th th e sec ondar o r i nd uced c i rc ui t or c i r
c u i ts, p f aco nd enser i nterposed i n th e same,
b
i s d epend ent u pon th e rate of alternati on or
f
b
th e potenti al, or oth , i ts si ze or c ost, as h e as set orth
f
.

2 Iu janalternati ng cu rrent motor, th ec om

m
b z
5 o re ex pla i ned , ay b e ro u gh t wi th i n 6 60 .
-

nomi cal li mi ts f or use wi th th e ord i nary c i r

l
i nati on of two energ i i ng c i rc u i ts, one c o n
-

By l
c u i ts i f th e potenti a of th e second ary c i rc u i t nec ted o r ad apted f or connec ti on wi th aso u rce

y
i n th e motor b e su fii ci ently h ig h . gi v i ng of a ternati ng c u rrents, th e oth er co nsti tut

b
to th e condenser proper values any d esi red
y i ng a h ig h potential secondar c i rc u i t i n i n
-

d i aerence of ph ase etween th e pr i mar and

second ar y energ i zi ng c i rc u i ts m ay b e ob
i y
d uc ti ve relati on to th e fi rst, and acond enser
ate posed i n sai d sec ond ar c i rc u i t, as set
fi
f ai ned .
l
W h at I c ai m i s
rc rt
N IKOLA TESLA
z l
In analternati ng c nrrent m otor provi ded
.
-

wi th two or m ore energ i i ng or fie d ci rc u i ts, W i tnesses :

one of wh i c h i s adapted f or connection wi th R oar. F . Gam a»,

a sourc e of c u rrents and th e oth er or oth ers Em sr Hor n s sou.

 Ae
l
rents . g th e cond enser c apac i tywinc h 1s ? 111
i 11d h eti ve relati onlbfi l‘okfl, tllu w i 1 1 0 1 lu h l0 u
need ed in any parti cu ar mo tor of th is la nd W i th th e second a ry o r i nduc ed 11 1 . m t
'

in depend ent. u pon th e rate o f alternano n o r c u1ts , ot aoo ndeu ser 111te1 [weed n
_

th e pnf m fi al. cr h ofl1. i l3 si ze Jr cm t. as b e

-
as set forth .
5 f un exp lai n ed . m ay be b um x
g h t wi th in e c o 2 . 1n a n a lte r na t i ug e u r r
-
en t n o w . a to c o tu

m a i n-l li mi ts for use wi th th e o rd i nary c i 1~ b i nati o nof two m o urni ng ci rc u i ts; J t to -

uni t: it th e potenti al of th e sec o nd ary c i rc u i t neoted or adapted for c onneeti on wi h 1 « o m c c t ~ -

l
.

in th e mai m be su fi c i enti y hi gh . B yg i v i ng o f a lte r n at i n g cu r r e n ts, th e o th e r c o n s ; 1 1 11 1.

tn th e co ndenser pro per values a n y d es i r ed 1 i n g a h i h

g p ot en-
t i al s e co n d ar y 3 1 1 0 11 1 !
1 1 1 1 1

m of ph as e between th e pri mary and d uc ti ve relati on to th e firs t, and a co nne c ti on.

sa wmi l l y m end i ng s m i um m ay b e oh i nterposed i n sai d second ary t are is w e
- - o

f o rth .
W I clai m is
1. [n an alternati ng c urrent mo to r pro vi ded
-

1 5 with two or mor e enem zxng or field c i rcu i ts : W itnesses:

one of whi c h is a d apted fo r mnnec ti on wi th ROM F Gear b o x» . .
,

a sou rce of cu rrents and th e o th er or others 1 Kaw asa Hom e.