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    Week 2 PPT - Approaches Methods and Techniques

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    The document discusses different approaches, methods, and techniques for teaching young language learners, including behaviorism, multiple intelligences theory, input theory, humanism, and constructivism. It then provides brief histories of theories like behaviorism and the audiolingual method, as well as methods like Total Physical Response and Communicative Language Teaching. Finally, it discusses the concept of the "post-method era" where teachers develop their own personalized methodology through action research.

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    Week 2 PPT - Approaches Methods and Techniques

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    kayahmd87
    12 views15 pages
    The document discusses different approaches, methods, and techniques for teaching young language learners, including behaviorism, multiple intelligences theory, input theory, humanism, and constructivism. It then provides brief histories of theories like behaviorism and the audiolingual method, as well as methods like Total Physical Response and Communicative Language Teaching. Finally, it discusses the concept of the "post-method era" where teachers develop their own personalized methodology through action research.

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    Week 2 Ppt - Approaches Methods and Techniques

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    The document discusses different approaches, methods, and techniques for teaching young language learners, including behaviorism, multiple intelligences theory, input theory, humanism, and constructivism. It then provides brief histories of theories like behaviorism and the audiolingual method, as well as methods like Total Physical Response and Communicative Language Teaching. Finally, it discusses the concept of the "post-method era" where teachers develop their own personalized methodology through action research.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views15 pages

    Week 2 PPT - Approaches Methods and Techniques

    Uploaded by

    kayahmd87
    The document discusses different approaches, methods, and techniques for teaching young language learners, including behaviorism, multiple intelligences theory, input theory, humanism, and constructivism. It then provides brief histories of theories like behaviorism and the audiolingual method, as well as methods like Total Physical Response and Communicative Language Teaching. Finally, it discusses the concept of the "post-method era" where teachers develop their own personalized methodology through action research.

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    of 15

    Approaches, Methods and

    Techniques for Young Learners

    1. What is an approach, a method and a technique?


    2. Approaches for young learners
    3. Brief history of TESOL approaches and methods
    4. In relation to EFL/ESL
    5. The post-method era
    6. Personal methodology
    Learning theories

    Theories about how to teach


    Approach : Assumptions about how to engage learning

    Method : actions Technique :


    that engage learning classroom
    strategies
    Technique :
    classroom
    strategies
    Approaches for young learners

    1. Behaviorist: Language can be structured into a syllabus of


    manageable parts / repetition is good / rewards and
    motivation / modeled pronunciation.

    2. Multiple Intelligence Theory: All learners have different


    strengths / activities should be varied / lessons should be
    multi-modal.

    3. Input: Learners need input before output (Krashen’s “silent


    period”)

    4. Humanist: Young learners are people and have their own


    opinions, reasons and emotions that should be respected.

    5. Constructivist: Learners need to be challenged and construct


    their own understandings of language and meaning.
    Behaviorism

    behavior is controlled by its consequences.


    Behaviorism lead to Audio-lingualism

    “the Army Method”

    In World War II, large numbers of military personnel


    needed to learn to speak foreign languages quickly.
    Total Physical Response

    Created by James D. Asher on the premise that:

    • language is learned
    primarily through
    listening.
    • language learning must
    engage the right brain
    hemisphere
    • language learning should
    not involve stress
    CLT (Communicative Language Teaching)

    Typical activities

    • Role-play
    • Icebreakers
    • Information gap
    • Jigsaw tasks
    • Problem-solving
    • Survey
    • Discussion
    • Debate
    CLIL = Content and
    Language Integrated
    Learning
    Pavlov Watson Skinner

    Behaviorism The Audiolingual


    Method

    Language teachers
    Krashen Terrell

    The Natural
    Approach

    Language teachers
    Asher

    TPR Total Physical


    Response

    Language teachers
    • Austin and Searle’s speech act theory
    • Hymes’ model of communicative competence
    • Canale and Swain L2 communicative competence
    • Halliday’s (1985) systemic functional grammar
    • Nunan’s five features of CLT

    The
    Communicative
    Communicative
    Language Teaching
    Approach

    What’s wrong with


    the traditional
    approach to
    Language teachers methodology?
    “The Post-Method Era”

    B. Kumaravadivelu

    Language teachers become


    practitioners and self-directed
    theorizers who construct their
    own theory of practice.
    Personal Methodology
    “Principled eclecticism”

    • context-sensitive (age, level, development,


    institution)
    • location-specific (linguistic, sociocultural,
    political)
    • through action research, teachers theorize
    from their practice and practice what they
    theorize
    • teachers become the catalyst for change

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