Topic 1. Subject pronouns, present simple of “to be”.

Pronouns are words we use in the place of a full noun.

Singular Plural
1st person I We
2nd person You You
3rd person He / She / It They

Rules: We use HE to refer to men, and SHE to refer to women.

When we are not sure if we are talking about a man or a woman we use THEY.
•This is Jack. He's my brother.
•This is Angela. She's my sister..
•You could go to a doctor. They might help you.

We use subject pronouns as subject of the verb:

•I like your dress.
•You are late.
•He is my friend.
•It is raining.
•She is on holiday.
•We live in England.
•They come from London.

Warning: •English clauses always have a subject:

His father has just retired. Was a teacher(X). > He was a teacher.
I'm waiting for my wife. Is late(X). > She is late.

Alwavs write | with a capital letter.

NOT Emily and are fourteen.
• If there is no other subject we use IT or THERE. We call this a dummy subject.

o The verb to be has three different forms: am, is and are.

I am ten years old. She is my friend. They are happy.
o We often use the short form of the verb, especially when we are speaking.
I'm ten years old. She's my friend. They're happy.
o There are two short forms for is not and are not.

He is not a teacher. He isn't a teacher. He's not a teacher.

We are not cousins. We aren't cousins. We're not cousins.

Exercise 1. Complete. Use am, is or are.

Example: It is a very old car.
Henry and lan ................. in the car.
1. George... ....my brother.
2. I................a student.
3. We ................. ten years old.
4. Becky . . in London.
5. The books....... in my bag.
6. You....... ......my best friend.
7. Ben and Alex .... from Australia.
8. You . ..... very tall!

Exercise 2. Write negative sentences. Use full forms.

Example: David / a teacher - David is not a teacher.
1. we / tired - …
2. I / hungry - …
3. they / in my class - …
4. you / funny - …
5. this room / very big - …
 6. he / a doctor - …
7. Peter / in his room - …

Exercise 3. Write questions and short answers.

Example: Chris / with you?
A: Is Chris with you?
B: Yes, he is.
1. you / Samantha?
A: …
B: No, …
2. they / ready?
A: …
B: Yes, …
3. she / from the USA?
A: …
B: No, …
4. we / late?
A: …
B: Yes, …
5. I / in your team?
A: …
B: No, …