ERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS: Write a typical nuclear reaction in which a large amount of energy is released in the process of nuclear fission? (D 2008) What is the radius of “Fe if that of "Al is 3.6 fermi? Find the ratio of surface area of these nuclei? (al 2008) A radio nuclide sample has no nuclei at t = 0. Its number of undecayed nuclei get reduced to No/e at 1 = T. What does the term t stand for? Write in terms of t, the time interval ‘T’ in which half of the __ original number of nuclei of this radio nuclide would have got decayed. (D 2008) 4. _ Distinguish between isotopes and isobars. Give one example for each of species. (al 2008) 5. Whyis the heavy water used as moderator in a nuclear reactor? (0 2008) 6. Compare the radii of two nuclei with mass numbers 1 and 27 respectively. (D 2009) "7 The radioactive isotopes D-Decays according to the sequence D->D,->D)..if the mass number and atomic number of D, are 176 and 71 respectively, what is the (a) Mass number and (b) Atomic number, of D? (0 2010) Write the expression for Bohr's radius in hydrogen atom. (D 2010) The radius of inner-most electron orbit of a hydrogen atom is 5.1 X 10“ m. What is the radius of orbit in the second sate? (D 2010) ‘Name the absorbing material used to control the reaction rate of neutron in a nuclear reactor. Write two characteristics feature of nuclear force which distinguish it from coulomb’s force (Al 2011) When is H, line in the emission spectrum of hydrogen atom obtained? Calculate the frequency of the proton emitted during this transition. Calculate the wave length of radiation emitted when electron in a hydrogen atom jumps from n= 1 to n=3 Four nuclei of an element undergo fusion to form « heavier nucleus, with release of energy. Which of the two- the parent or the daughter nucleus-would have higher binding energy per nucleon? [cBsE 2018) Four nuclei of an element undergo fusion to form a heavier nucleus, with release of energy. Whick of the two- the parent or the daughter nucleus - would have higher binding energy per nucleon? [CBSE 2018) SECTION -B (2, 3 MARK QUESTIONS) is its value for hydrogen atom? {al 2010) - [0 2010, A! 2009, 2013] variation of potential energy between a pair of nucleons a pair of in which the nucleus force is (a) ‘can draw regarding the nature of nuclear forces. {A! 2010, 2009}22. 23. 24, 25. 26. a7, 28. Using Rutherford model of atom, derive the expression for total energy of the electro, ) _—— atom. What is the significance of total negative energy possessed by the electron? AY (cBse 29, i Ny State Bohr’s Postulates of hydrogen atom which successfully explains the emission ‘ lines in , Spectrum of hydrogen atom. Use Rydberg formula to determine the wavelength of H aline. % {Given Rydberg’s constant R = 1.03 x 10? m~?m°? [CBSE 2015) Of a radioag, instant? {a) Derive the mathematical expression for law of radioactive decay for a sample nucleus. (b) How is the mean life of a given radioactive nucleus related to the decay co! (CBSE 29, {a) State Bohr’s Quantization condition for defining stationary orbits. How does de Broglie hypothe, explain the stationary orbits? (CBSE 20, {a) Explain the processes of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion by using the plot of binding energy », nucleon (BE/A ) versus the mass number A. (b) A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 10 years. How long will it take for the activity to reduce, 3.125 %. (CBSE 2018 SECTION C (5 MARK QUESTIONS) State the law of radioactive decay. If No is the number of radioactive nuclei at some initial time to, fin out the relation to determine the number N present at a subsequent time. Draw a plot of Nasi function of time. Describe Geiger-Marsden experiment. Using Bohr’s postulate, (0 2008) (D 2010) derive the expression for the frequency of radiation emitted when electron it hydrogen atom undergoes transition from higher energy state (quantum number 1, to the lower state (n)). When electron in hydrogen atom jumps from energy state n, = 4 to rm = 3, 2, 1. Identify the ‘spectral series to which the emission lines belong. (2013) (a) Draw the plot of binding energy per nucleon (BE/A) as a function of mass number A. Write two important conclusions that can be drawn regarding the nature of nuclear force. What are its observations and conclusions? (b) Use this graph to explain the release of energy in both the processes of nuclear fusion and fission (c) Write the basic nuclear process of neutron undergoing B-decay. Why is the detection of neutrinos found very difficult? (2013) 27. a)State Bohr's postulate to define stable orbits in hydrogen atom. How does de Broglie’s hypothesis explain the stability of these orbits? b)A hydrogen atont initially in the ground state absorbs a photon which excites it to the n=4 level. Estimate the frequency of the photon. (CBSE 2018) 28.a) Explain the processes of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion by using the plot of binding energy per nucleon(BE/A)versus the mass number A. b)A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 10 years. How lon; ivi r to A i ow long will it take for the activity to reduce 2 (CBSE 2018) 3.125%’ 29. Aradio its origi 30. The en which | 31, (a) The of the {b) wh (cite the sp 32. Thee ‘in the emis: 33. Ahe: fragn perr 34. Cale Give Ator Is th 35. An elec Ma 36. Nu wit 37. ‘Ca jh 38. Tt st \) a.29. 30. 31, 32. 33. 36. 37. NUMERICALS A radioactive isotope has a half life of 5 years. After how much time is its activity reduced to 3.125% of Its original activity? (25 yr) (Al 2008) The energy level diagram of an element is given below. Identify, by doing necessary calculations, which transition corresponds to the emission of a spectral line of wavelength 102.7 nm. (02008) {a) The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is - 13.6 eV. What is the kinetic and potential energies of the electron in this state? (K = 13.6 eV, U = - 27.6 eV) (b) What is the kinetic energy of an electron in the second excited state? (1.51 eV) (c) If the electron jumps to the ground state from the second excited state, calculate the wavelength of the spectral line emitted. (102.7 nm)(Al 2010, 2011) The energy levels of a hypothetical atom are shown below. Which of the shown transitions will result in the emission of a photon of wavelength 275 nm? Which of these transitions corresponds to emission of 25? A heavy nucleus X of mass number 240 and binding energy per nucleon 7.6 MeV is split in to two fragments Y and Z of mass number 110 and 130. The binding energy per nucleon in Y and Z is 8.5 MeV per nucleon. Calculate the energy Q released per fission in MeV? (216.0 MeV) (D 2010) 73* nucleus emits an a-particle. Atomic mass of Th” = 234.04363 u (1u = 931.5 MeV/c2)(4.25 MeV) Calculate the energy released if U’ Given Atomic mass of U"™ = 234.05079 u Atomic mass of a-particle = 4.00260 u Is the decay spontaneous, give reasons? A nucleus ,Ne” undergoes B-decay and becomes 1Na™. Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of electrons emitted assuming that the daughter nucleus and antineutrino carry negligible kinetic energy. Mass of Ne” = 2.994466 u Mass of Na =22.989770u 1u = 931.5 Mev/c2. Nucleus with mass number A = 240 and BE/A = 7.6 MeV breaks into two fragments each of A = 120 with BE/A = 8.5 MeV. Calculate the released energy. Calculate the energy in fusion reaction: 2Hs2H «= —® jHe+n,where BE of {H=2.23 MeV and of 3i/e = 7.73 MeV. The short wavelength limit for the lyman series of the hydrogen spectrum is 913.4 A° Calculate the short wavelength limit for Baler series of the hydrogen spectrum. {CBSE 2017]