Sistema Hidráulico

IMPLEMENT HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
The implement hydraulic systems for the D6T contain the following major components:
• a load sensing, pressure compensated, variable displacement piston type hydraulic pump
• pilot operated implement control valves and differential steering control
• a fixed displacement steering motor
• electro-hydraulic implement control for all blade functions on AccuGrade ready machines
(ripper/winch controls remain pilot operated in all cases)
• a new A4 Machine ECM used for implement hydraulic functions and system monitoring
• hydraulic oil filters for both case drain oil and for implement return oil
• an oil-to-air hydraulic oil cooler mounted behind the radiator cores
• an electronic implement lockout control
The standard implement hydraulic system for the D6T machine has changed from the D6R
Series III machine. Pilot operated controls are used for all blade functions, for ripper (or winch)
operation. An EH blade angle control (thumb rocker switch) and an EH manifold with two
proportional solenoids for blade angle control are added if the machine is equipped with a VPAT
blade. The differential steering system is similar to the D6R Series III machine except it doesn’t
use a counterbalance valve. An Electro-Hydraulic (EH) dozer control lever (joystick) and an EH
pilot manifold with four proportional solenoids for blade lift and blade tilt functions, as well as an
ON/OFF (AccuGrade Boost) solenoid are added on machines that are equipped with AccuGrade.
The EH dozer control lever also contains a thumb rocker blade angle control and the associated
(second) EH pilot manifold with the blade angle solenoids if the AccuGrade machine is equipped
with a VPAT blade. There are four versions of the implement hydraulic system.
TREINAMENTO CORPORATIVO
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These four distinct versions of the hydraulic system are:
• implement hydraulic system with an "S" or "SU" blade (pilot operated controls and pilot
operated implement control valves)
• implement hydraulic system with a VPAT blade (pilot operated controls and pilot operated
implement control valves with EH blade angle control)
• AccuGrade® ready implement hydraulic system with "S" or "SU" blade (pilot operated controls
and pilot operated implement control valves for the ripper/winch and EH blade control for all
blade functions)
• AccuGrade® ready implement hydraulic system with a VPAT blade (pilot operated controls
and pilot operated implement control valves for the ripper/winch and EH blade control for all
blade functions)
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The hydraulic oil tank (1) is located on top of the right fender. The hydraulic oil tank serves as
the reservoir that provides oil for the operation of the implements and the steering.
Components of the hydraulic oil tank and associated service points are identified in the
illustration above:
• implement case drain oil filter (2)

• vacuum breaker (3)
• hydraulic oil fill tube (4)
• fluid level sight glass (5)
An ecology drain valve is located on the bottom of the tank (not visible, above) and may be
easily accessed through an opening on the underside of the right fender.
NOTE: The vacuum breaker on the hydraulic oil tank should always be used to equalize the
pressure inside the hydraulic oil tank with the atmospheric pressure before removing the cap
from the filler tube. Doing so will prevent scalding injuries due to hot hydraulic oil being
expelled through the filler tube when the cap is removed.
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The implement hydraulic pump on the D6T is a load sensing, pressure compensated, variable
displacement piston type pump. The pump (1) is mounted to the rear of the flywheel housing,
at the upper left corner. The implement hydraulic pump draws oil from the hydraulic oil tank
and provides high pressure oil flow to the implement valve stack. The pump also provides oil
flow to the pressure reducing manifold, which in turn, provides pilot pressure oil to the pilot
operated implement controls.
High pressure supply oil to the implement valve stack is directed through a hose that connects
to the pump discharge port. High pressure supply oil to the pressure reducing manifold is
directed through a hose that connects to an "L" fitting that is installed in the side of the pump
discharge port.
Other components identified are the :

• pump pressure and flow compensator valve (2)
• fitting for the load sensing signal line (from the signal resolver network) (3)
• fitting for the case drain line (4)
A "tee" fitting replaces the "L" fitting at the pump discharge port on AccuGrade® Ready
machines. A pump discharge pressure sensor is installed on one side of the "tee" fitting. The
fitting on the opposite side of the "tee" connects to the supply line to the pressure reducing
manifold.
The pump discharge pressure sensor is only present on machines that are equipped with
AccuGrade®. This pressure sensor is a necessary component to perform the calibrations of the
four proportional solenoid controlled pilot valves on the EH pilot manifold. The solenoid
controlled pilot valves are used for blade lift and blade tilt control functions and they will be
discussed later in this presentation. The status of the pump discharge pressure sensor may be
viewed using Cat ET, or through the LCD display on the Main Display Module in the dash, using
the 4C-8195 service tool.
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Implement Pump Operation
When the engine is OFF, the bias spring holds the swashplate at maximum angle. When the
engine is started, the pump drive shaft begins to rotate. Since the bias spring holds the
swashplate at maximum angle, oil is drawn into the barrel by the outward movement of the
pistons as the piston and barrel assembly rotates. As the piston and barrel assembly rotate the
oil is forced out into the system when the piston is forced into the barrel by the angle of the
swashplate. Oil flow is blocked by the closed-center implement control valves and pressure
begins to build as the oil flows out into the system. If no implements are moved, the
compensator valve will cause the swashplate to move toward minimum angle, maintaining a
system pressure called LOW PRESSURE STANDBY.
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When no flow is required by the implements, no signal pressure is generated. System pressure
(red and white stripes) generated by the pump is called LOW PRESSURE STANDBY. The pump
produces enough flow to compensate for system leakage and maintain sufficient pressure to
provide instantaneous implement response when an implement is actuated. At machine start-
up, the bias spring holds the swashplate at maximum angle. As the pump produces flow,
system pressure begins to increase because the flow is blocked at the implement control valves.
This pressure is felt under both the flow compensator spool and the pressure compensator
spool. The flow compensator spool moves up against the low spring force and permits pump
discharge oil, at system pressure, to go to the large actuator piston in the pump.
As the pressure acting on the large actuator piston increases, the large actuator piston
overcomes the force of the bias spring and the pressure in the small actuator piston. The
increasing pressure in the large actuator moves the swashplate to a reduced angle. The large
actuator piston moves to the right until a balance is reached between the pressure in the large
actuator and the pressure in the small actuator plus the force of the bias spring. At this
minimum angle, the pump will produce just enough flow to make up for system leakage. The
system pressure at this time is called LOW PRESSURE STANDBY and it is set to approximately
3240 kPa (470 psi). Low pressure standby is higher than margin pressure. This characteristic is
due to a higher back pressure created by the oil which is blocked at the closed-center valves
when all the valves are in HOLD. Pump supply oil pushes the margin spool up and further
compresses the margin spring. A small amount of pump supply oil then goes to the large
actuator piston.
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When an implement is moved, a load sensing signal is sent to the pump compensator valve.
This signal causes the force (margin spring plus signal pressure) at the top of the flow
compensator spool to become higher than the supply pressure at the bottom of the spool. The
spool then moves down which blocks oil to the large actuator piston and opens a passage from
the large actuator to the case drain. Pressure at the large actuator piston is reduced or
eliminated, which allows the bias spring to move the swashplate to an increased angle. The
pump will now produce more flow. This condition is called UPSTROKING.
The following conditions can result in upstroking the pump:

1. An implement control valve is activated when the system is at low pressure standby.
2. The implement control valve spool is moved further for additional flow.
3. An additional circuit is activated.
4. Engine rpm decreases. In this case, pump speed decreases which causes a decrease in flow
and pump supply pressure. The pump must then upstroke to maintain the same system flow
requirements.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Signal pressure does not necessarily need to increase for the pump to
upstroke. For example, if one implement is activated and is operating at 13790 kPa (2000 psi),
the system supply pressure is 16065 kPa (2330 psi) due to the maximum signal pressure of
13790 kPa (2000 psi) plus the margin spring force of 2275 kPa (330 psi).
If the operator activates another implement at an initial operating pressure of 6900 kPa (1000
psi), the maximum signal pressure is still 13790 kPa (2000 psi), but the supply pressure
decreases momentarily to provide the increased flow now needed at the implements. The force
at the top of the flow compensator spool (now higher than the force at the bottom of the flow
compensator spool) pushes the spool down and allows oil in the pump control to drain to tank.
The swashplate angle increases and the pump provides more flow.
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As pump flow increases, pump supply pressure also increases. When the pump supply pressure
(red) equals the sum of the work port (signal) pressure plus the force of the margin spring, the
flow compensator spool moves to a metering position and the system becomes stabilized. This
condition is called CONSTANT FLOW.
The difference between the signal pressure and the pump supply pressure is the value of the
force of the margin spring, which is approximately 2275 kPa (330 psi).
If no other implements are activated during the movement of an implement (such as DOZER
RAISE), and if no external forces influence the movement of the implement, then the pump will
maintain the CONSTANT FLOW condition until the movement of that implement has stopped.
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When less flow is needed, the pump is destroked. The pump destrokes when the pressure at the
bottom of the flow compensator spool becomes higher than combined signal pressure and
spring force at the top. The flow compensator spool then moves up and allows more flow to the
large actuator piston. Pressure in the large actuator piston then overcomes the combined force
of the small actuator piston and force of the bias spring and moves the swashplate to a reduced
angle. The pump will now produce less flow. This condition is called DESTROKING.
The following conditions can result in destroking the pump:

1. All implement control valves are moved to the HOLD position. The pump returns to low
pressure standby.
2. The implement control valve directional stem is moved to reduce flow.
3. An additional circuit is deactivated.
4. Engine rpm increases. In this case, pump speed increases causing an increase in flow. The
pump destrokes to maintain the same system flow requirements.
As pump flow decreases, pump supply pressure also decreases. When the pump supply
pressure (red) decreases and becomes the sum of load pressure plus margin pressure, the flow
compensator spool moves to a metering position and the system stabilizes.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Signal pressure does not necessarily have to decrease for the pump to
destroke. For example, if two implements are activated, with one operating at 13800 kPa (2000
psi) and the other operating at 6900 kPa (1000 psi), the system supply pressure is 16075 kPa
(2330 psi) due to the highest signal pressure of 13800 kPa (2000 psi) plus the margin spring
force of 2275 kPa (330 psi). If the operator returns theimplement that is operating at 6900 kPa
(1000 psi) to HOLD, the signal pressure is still 13800 kPa (2000 psi), but the supply pressure
will increase momentarily, due to the reduced flow requirement for the single implement
operation. The higher pump flow rate will produce a higher pump supply pressure, which will
push the flow compensator spool up and allow more oil to flow to the pump's large actuator.
This action causes the pump to DESTROKE to produce only the flow that is now required for the
single implement, but system pressure remains the same. When the pump DESTROKES to
produce the lesser flow requirements, the pump will then go to the CONSTANT FLOW state that
is required by the single implement operation.
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The pressure compensator (or cutoff) spool is in parallel with the flow compensator (or margin)
spool. The pressure compensator limits the maximum system pressure at any given pump
displacement. The spool is held down during normal operation by the pressure compensator
spring. During stall or when system pressure is at maximum, signal pressure is equal to pump
supply pressure. The combination of the signal pressure and the margin spring forces the flow
compensator spool down. This movement of the flow compensator spool normally opens a
passage in the pump compensator valve for the oil in the large actuator piston to drain and
causes the pump to upstroke. However, if the supply pressure is high enough, the pressure
compensator spool is forced up against its spring. This upward movement of the pressure
compensator spool blocks the oil in the large actuator piston from going to the drain passage.
Instead, the supply oil is now directed to the large actuator piston. The increase in pressure
allows the large actuator piston to overcome the combined force of the small actuator piston
and bias spring destroking the pump.The pump is now in a minimum flow condition and pump
supply (system) pressure is at maximum. This condition is maintained for a single implement in
a stall condition and is called HIGH PRESSURE STALL (or sometimes called High Pressure
Cutoff).
This hydraulic system also incorporates a main relief valve-located in the inlet manifold. The
main relief valve is set higher to limit pressure spikes in the system. The main relief valve must
be removed from the machine to be adjusted properly. The main relief valve should be adjusted
according to the specifications and procedures found in KENR5129 Specifications Systems
Operation, Testing and Adjusting or on SIS or SIS Web. When operating two or more
implements, and with one implement in stall, the pump will produce flow to meet the needs of
the other implements operating at a lower work port pressure.
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The hydraulic accumulator stores energy (pilot pressure) for approximately 1-2 minutes after
the engine is stopped, allowing the implements to be lowered using the implement controls in a
dead engine situation.
The pilot oil then flows to the solenoid operated implement lockout valve. The implement
lockout valve is controlled by the implement lockout switch, which is located on the right
console in the operator compartment.
The implement lockout valve is operated using an ON/OFF solenoid. When the implement
lockout switch is set to the UNLOCKED position, the implement lockout solenoid is ENERGIZED
and the implements may be operated using the implement control levers. When the implement
lockout switch is set to the LOCKED position, the implement lockout solenoid is DE-ENERGIZED
and the pilot supply oil is blocked. The implements can not be operated using the implement
controls when the implement lockout switch is in the LOCKED position.
When the implement lockout valve is in the UNLOCKED condition, the pilot supply oil exits the
pilot manifold at the outlet. The pilot supply oil is then directed to the pilot operated implement
controls (or to the solenoid controlled pilot valves, on ARO machines equipped with EH control
of the blade functions).
The status of the implement lockout switch and the implement lockout solenoid may be viewed
using Cat ET, or through the LCD display on the Main Display Module in the dash, using the 4C-
8195 service tool.
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Pressure Reducing Manifold
The pressure reducing manifold (1) is located inside the forward compartment on the right
fender and is situated outboard from the power train oil filter.
Service points are:

• pilot relief valve (2)
• pressure reducing valve (3)
• implement pump discharge pressure test port (HA) (4)
• accumulator (5)
• pilot supply pressure test port (CP) (6)
Note: not visible in this picture are the :
• hydraulic oil sampling port (S•O•S)

• accumulator pressure test port (CPG)
• accumulator check valve (near, or left side of the implement lockout solenoid)
• implement lockout solenoid (ENERGIZED in the UNLOCKED condition)
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Implement Hydraulic System Operation (Pilot Control)
This color schematic shows the components and conditions in the implement hydraulic system
with the engine running, all of the implements in HOLD, and the implement pump at LOW
PRESSURE STANDBY. Oil is drawn from the hydraulic oil tank by the load sensing, variable
displacement, piston-type implement pump. High pressure supply oil is sent to the closedcenter
implement control valves by the pump. Return oil from the implement control valves and the
case drain oil from the pumps and motors is returned to the hydraulic oil tank.
High pressure supply oil from the implement pump is also sent to the pressure reducing
manifold which produces and supplies pilot pressure oil to the pilot valves. When the operator
moves a pilot operated implement control oil is sent to the implement control valve to move the
valve spool, allowing oil to flow to the implement cylinder(s). The implement movement is
proportional to the amount of implement control movement. (The farther the implement control
is moved, the faster the implement will move.) As the implement control valve spool moves due
to pilot oil pressure, the pilot oil at the opposite end of the control valve spool is returned back
to the tank. Pilot return oil from the implement control valves enters the pilot valve body
through the control ports also. The pilot return oil flows past the pilot valve spool and is directed
through internal passages in the pilot valve body to a common pilot return oil passage the pilot
oil returns to the tank. The control lever assembly and the control plate determines the amount
of movement of the pilot valve spools. When the control lever is moved, the lever assembly
rotates and the control plate pushes down on the upper plunger. The upper plunger and the
centering spring move the pilot valve spools down to close off the tank passages and open the
pilot supply passages to the control ports.
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When the control lever is in the HOLD position, the centering springs, the pressure control
return springs, and bias springs keep the pilot spools and the lever assembly in the HOLD
position. When in the HOLD position, pilot supply oil is blocked by each of the four pilot valve
spools and each implement control valve end is open to the tank (through the pilot lines and
the control ports).
Each pilot valve spool has a cross-drilled hole in the spool that intersects with an axial passage
through the center of the spool that is open at the bottom. An orifice is installed in the axial
passage at the the bottom of the pilot valve spool. Tank pressure oil is allowed to move through
the cross-drilled hole, the axial passage, and the orifice so that a hydraulic lock cannot prevent
the free movement of the pilot valve spool. The orifice at the bottom of the pilot valve spool
also helps stabilize and dampen the movement of the spool.
The dozer control lever is equipped with a magnetic coil assembly that is positioned around the
upper portion of the BLADE LOWER pilot valve. A cupped washer is attached to the bottom of
the control plate, and it is positioned above the coil. When the dozer control lever is moved
forward to approximately 90 percent of lever travel, the washer contacts the magnetic coil. This
is the FLOAT position for the dozer blade. The magnetic coil is always ENERGIZED and the coil
will hold the washer to maintain the FLOAT position until the dozer control lever is moved back
toward the RAISE position.
The dozer control lever also has a float detent attached to the underside of the control plate
above the BLADE RAISE pilot valve spool. A detent plate is attached to the top of the valve
body. The detent is spring biased outward so that the point of the detent moves freely within
the cutout in the detent plate. When the dozer control lever is moved to approximately 85
percent of forward lever movement (BLADE LOWER), the chisel point of the detent contacts the
lip at the top of the detent plate. The lip provides the operator with a bit of "feel" to indicate
that the QUICK-DROP position is close. When the dozer control lever is moved further so that
the detent point moves past the lip, the QUICK-DROP function is activated. The detent also
indicates the relative location of the FLOAT position, which is only a few degrees of lever
movement past the lip.
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The dozer control pilot valve (1) is located at the front of the right console and is mounted to
the top of the console. The dozer control lever (2) operates the pilot valve.
The ripper control pilot valve (3) is located at the rear of the right console and is mounted to a
bracket beneath the console. The following lines are visible in the illustration above:
• ripper raise pilot line (to RAISE end of ripper control valve) (4)
• pilot valve drain line (to tank) (5)
• ripper lower pilot line (to LOWER end of ripper control valve) (6)
• pilot supply line (from pressure reducing manifold) (7)
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Implement Pilot Valve Operation
The standard implement hydraulic system for the D6T Track-type Tractor uses pilot operated
implement control valves. The illustration above shows a cross-sectional view of the pilot valve
that is used for dozer blade functions. Only the blade raise and the blade lower pilot valve
spools are shown, for clarity. The dozer control pilot valve also contains pilot valve spools for
the blade tilt left and the blade tilt right functions. Pilot valves are also used for operation of the
ripper or the winch, if the machine is equipped with either of these attachments. The pilot
valves for the ripper and the winch operate similarly to the dozer control pilot valve. Pilot valves
for blade control are used only on non-ARO machines.
Pilot supply oil from the pressure reducing manifold enters the pilot valve at the pilot supply
inlet. Pilot supply oil is made available to all four pilot valve spools through internal passages in
the pilot valve body. The four pilot valve spools direct pilot oil to their respective control ports
when they are actuated. Four pilot lines connect the four control ports to the respective ends of
the implement control valves. The flow of pilot (pressure) oil to any implement control valve
spool is proportionate to the amount of movement of the implement control lever. The pilot
pressure sent to the end of any implement control valve spool determines the amount of its
movement. The amount of movement of the implement control valve spool determines the flow
rate of high pressure pump supply oil that is sent to the implement cylinders.
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Implement Control Valve Operation
The implement control valve stack is located below the right console in the operator
compartment. The valve stack is mounted to a bracket on the inside the right fender. The
control valve stack may be accessed by removing the operator seat and pedestal and then
removing the sound panel and metal access cover beneath the right armrest. The implement
control valve stack consists of the inlet manifold (1), the blade lift control valve (2), the blade
tilt control valve (3), the blade angle control valve (4) and the end cover (5). The implement
control valves are all parallel to each other.
The blade angle control valve is only present on machines equipped with the VPAT blade. The
ripper/winch control valve will only be present if the machine is equipped with those
attachments.
The EH pilot manifold for blade lift and tilt functions is mounted to the outboard side of the
valve stack bracket, if the machine is equipped with AccuGrade®. The implement hydraulic
system main relief valve (not shown) is installed in the inlet manifold (1) of the valve stack.
The main relief valve is set off machine using the 1U9358 Test Block manifold.
The main relief valve setting is approximately 3000 kPa (435 psi) higher than the high pressure
cutoff setting of the pressure compensator valve on the implement pump.
NOTE: Machines equipped with Accugrade® Ready Option (ARO) will have a separate pilot
electro-hydraulic maniifold and implement control joystick.
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The blade lift control valve is a closed-center, pilot operated valve that is controlled with pilot oil
from the dozer control pilot valve. The blade lift control valve has four positions: RAISE, HOLD,
LOWER, and FLOAT. Centering springs keep the spool in the HOLD position when the control
valve is not in use. The illustration above shows the blade lift control valve in the HOLD
condition.
When the operator starts the machine, the implement pump sends high pressure supply oil
through the inlet manifold to the load check valve to the main valve spool. With the main valve
spool in the HOLD position, oil cannot flow to the cylinders and oil pressure will begin to
increase in the hydraulic system.
Components of the implement control valves are:
Load Check Valve: The Load Check Valve prevents reverse implement flow when the operator
moves a valve from HOLD and system pressure is lower than the cylinder, or work port
pressure. Without the load check valve, the implement would drift down slightly (droop) before
moving as commanded. The load check valve will open to allow supply oil to flow through the
control valve when the system pressure is higher than the work port pressure.
Resolver: Also called a double check valve, the resolver compares the signal between the
control valves and sends the highest resolved work port pressure to the implement pump
compensator. Although this illustration shows the resolver and signal lines as external
components, the resolver is internal to the control valve and the signal lines are internally
drilled passages.
Main Valve Spool: The Main Valve Spool controls oil flow to the implement cylinders and
return oil from the implement cylinders back to the tank. The spool contains three cross-drilled
holes that connect to an axial drilled passage through the center of the spool. The two
crossdrilled holes on the left hand side of the spool sense work port pressure in the head and
rod ends of the cylinders. The work port pressures are transmitted to the pilot chamber through
the cross-drilled hole.on the right hand side of the spool.
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Makeup Valve: The Makeup Valve opens to allow tank pressure oil to fill voids in the head ends
of the cylinders during times when cylinder supply pressure decreases below the tank pressure.
Orifice: The Orifice provides smoother implement operation by delaying the rate at which the
signal pressure in the flow control spool spring cavity decreases when the operator changes
implement directions.
NOTE: A dozer valve without a flow compensator valve is only fitted on the following machine
arrangements; S-Blade & Ripper, S-Blade & ARO, & Ripper, VPAT Blade, & Ripper, VPAT Blade &
ARO, & Ripper.
A dozer control valve with a flow compensator will be fitted to the following machine
arrangements; S-Blade & winch, S-Blade & ARO, & winch, VPAT Blade & winch, VPAT Blade &
ARO & winch.
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Implement Hydraulic System Operation (Electro-Hydraulic Control, ARO)
Machines that are equipped with AccuGrade use an electrohydraulic control group to operate
the bulldozer. This color schematic shows the components and conditions in the implement
hydraulic system solenoid valves for a standard blade or seven solenoid valves for a VPAT
blade.
The electrohydraulic control group consists of the following components:

With the engine running, all of the implements in HOLD, and the implement pump at LOW
PRESSURE STANDBY oil is drawn from the hydraulic oil tank by the load sensing, variable
displacement, piston-type implement pump. High pressure supply oil is sent to the closed
center implement control valves by the pump. Return oil from the implement control valves and
the case drain oil from the pumps and motors is returned to the hydraulic oil tank. High
pressure supply oil from the implement pump is also sent to the pressure reducing manifold.
The electrohydraulic control allows the Machine ECM to move the blade when AccuGrade is
active. When the implement controls are in HOLD position, the solenoids are de-energized and
pilot oil is blocked. Oil in the passages to the main control valve are connected to the tank
through the pilot manifold.
When an implement control is activated, the solenoid for that circuit is energized forcing a spool
in the pilot manifold to shift. This shift allows pilot oil to travel from the pilot manifold to the
end of the main control spool. The main spool shifts and the implement moves in the direction
selected by the operator. The solenoids are proportional. The movement of the valve spool will
be in proportion to the amount of movement of the implement control lever.
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The above illustration shows the components of the dozer lift valve when the machine is
configured with VPAT Blade, ARO, and winch. A flow control spool and load sense relief valve
are installed in this situation.
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When the dozer pilot control lever is moved to the RAISE position, pilot oil is directed to the
right end of the blade lift control valve spool. The main spool shifts to the left and the
implement hydraulic pump oil flows past the load check valve, main control spool and out to the
rod end of the blade lift cylinders causing the blade to raise. Oil from the passes through the
quick drop valve before it reaches the blade lift cylinders. Oil from the head end of the blade lift
cylinders passes through the quick drop valve and then enters the main control valve.
The oil flows past the main control spool and returns to the hydraulic oil tank. Work port
pressure in the cylinder rod end also flows into the cross-drilled passage in the middle of the
main spool. This signal oil is directed to the signal resolver passage. If this is the highest
pressure in the signal resolver network the signal resolver ball shifts to the right and the signal
pressure is sent to the pump compensator valve. The pump then UPSTROKES to meet the flow
demand in proportion to the signal pressure.
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The illustration above shows the blade tilt control valve in the HOLD position. In this position
the flow from the hydraulic pump enters the control valve at the supply port. Initially, the flow
control valve is held to the left by the spring. When the system flow comes into the valve it
passes the flow control valve and is stopped by the main spool. the pressure builds and moves
the flow control valve to the right metering the flow to the main spool. The load check valve is
also in the closed position while the control is in HOLD.
NOTE: All tilt control valves are fitted with flow compensator valves. Line relief and make-up
valves will be fitted to both workports when the machine is configured with VPAT blade.
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When the operator moves the dozer control lever from HOLD to TILT LEFT, the dozer control
pilot valve directs pilot oil to right end of the blade tilt control valve, which shifts the main valve
spool to the left into the TILT LEFT position.
Oil from the implement hydraulic pump flows past the load check valve and then past the main
control spool to the rod end of the tilt cylinder which causes the blade to tilt left. As the blade
tilts left, oil from the head end of the tilt cylinder returns through the head end passage and
flows past the main spool and the returns to the hydraulic oil tank.
Work port pressure in the cylinder rod end also flows into the cross-drilled passage in the
middle of the main spool. This signal oil is directed to the signal resolver passage. If this is the
highest pressure in the signal resolver network the signal resolver ball shifts to the right and the
signal pressure is sent to the pump compensator valve. The pump then UPSTROKES to meet
the flow demand in proportion to the signal pressure.
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The illustration above shows the BLADE ANGLE control valve in the HOLD position. In this
position the flow from the implement hydraulic pump enters the control valve at the supply
port. Initially, the flow control valve is held to the left by the spring. When the system flow
enters the valve it passes the flow control valve and is stopped by the main spool. The pressure
in the passage increases and moves the flow control valve to the right metering the flow to the
main spool. The load check valve is also in the closed position while the control is in HOLD. Oil
from both rod end and head end of the cylinders is blocked by the main control valve spool.
Both the rod and head ends of the blade angle cylinder are protected by a combination makeup
valve and line relief.
NOTE: All angle control valves are fitted with flow compensator valves and are supplied pilot oil
from a pilot EH manifold.
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When the operator moves the BLADE ANGLE pilot control valve for ANGLE RIGHT pilot oil is
directed to the right end of the main control valve spool. The oil from the implement pump
flows from the supply port past the load check valve, the main spool, and then to the head end
of the left angle cylinder and to the rod end of the right angle cylinder. Oil from the opposite
ends of the cylinders returns to the control valve past the main control spool and then returns
to the hydraulic oil tank.
Work port pressure in the cylinder rod end also flows into the cross-drilled passage in the
26
When the machine is equipped with a ripper, the control valve will be the fourth valve in the
valve stack. The control valve is spring centered and has three positions, HOLD, RAISE, and
LOWER.
When the control is in the HOLD position, implement pump supply oil flows into the inlet of the
valve, past the load check valve and is stopped by the closed center control valve spool. This
supply passage is a common passage to all the control valves in the stack. In HOLD, the pump
will maintain a pressure of 3000 kPa (435 psi) in the common passage.
NOTE: A dozer valve without a flow compensator valve is only fitted on the following machine
arrangements; S-Blade & Ripper, S-Blade & ARO, & Ripper, VPAT Blade, & Ripper, VPAT Blade &
ARO, & Ripper.
A dozer control valve with a flow compensator will be fitted to the following machine
arrangements; S-Blade & winch, S-Blade & ARO, & winch, VPAT Blade & winch, VPAT Blade &
ARO & winch.
27
When the operator moves the pilot control valve to RIPPER RAISE, position pilot oil is directed
to the left end of the main control valve for the ripper. The main spool moves to the right and
the implement pump oil flows from the supply port past the main control spool out the port to
the head end of the ripper cylinder. Oil from the rod end of the cylinder returns through the rod
end port of the control valve, past the main control spool and then returns to the hydraulic oil
tank.
Work port pressure in the cylinder head end also flows into the cross-drilled passage in the
28
The resolver network consists of a resolver (ball check valve) in each implement control valve.
Each resolver compares the signal pressure from the previous control valve to the pressure
from the current control valve. The resolver valve shifts to allow the highest work port pressure
to flow to the implement hydraulic pump pump compensator valve.
In the illustration above the ripper control valve has been activated. The resolver for the ripper
compares it’s signal pressure to that coming from the float boost. The ripper signal is higher
because the ripper control has been activated. The signal from the ripper then travels to the
reolvers for the bulldozer angle, bulldozer tilt, and bulldozer lift circuits. In this case the ripper
circuit has the highest signal pressure because none of the other implements have been
activated. This signal goes to the pump compensator to control implement pump output. When
all the implements are in HOLD, the pressure in the resolver network is equal to tank pressure.
The pump compensator will keep the pump in the LOW PRESSURE STANDBY position until an
implement is activated.
29
Quick Drop Valve
The single quick-drop valve (1) is mounted on top of the radiator guard, in the center of the
guard and is covered with a metal enclosure. This valve provides the quick drop function for
both lift cylinders.
30
Shown in the illustration above is a schematic for the single quick-drop valve. The valve is
mounted on top of the engine hood at the front of the machine.
In the schematic, components in the quick-drop valve are shown with the blade on the ground.
The variable orifice sleeve is the essential component in the valve and functions to create the
pressure necessary to move the valve spool and direct rod end oil to the head end in the
QUICK-DROP mode.
The piston bypass valves that are contained in the blade lift cylinder pistons allow high pressure
oil to pass from either the rod end or the head end of the cylinders. The bypass valves serve to
soften the end-of-stroke for the cylinders. The bypass valves also allow high pressure oil to pass
from either rod end or head end when one cylinder reaches end-of-stroke before the other
cylinder reaches end-of-stroke. This situation could be caused by the blade being tilted during a
BLADE RAISE or a BLADE LOWER function.
31
Shown in this illustration are the components of the single quick-drop valve: the orifice sleeve,
the plunger, the valve spool, the right and left covers, and the spring.
As shown in the previous illustration, the valve components are shown with the dozer blade on
the ground. Both the orifice sleeve and the plunger can float in the valve and their positions in
HOLD depend on the previous action of the lift control valve: RAISE, LOWER, or FLOAT.
32
When the main control valve spool in the blade lift control valve is moved to the RAISE position,
high pressure supply oil enters the quick-drop valve through the passage at the lower left and
moves the orifice sleeve to the right. The oil then flows out to the rod ends of the lift cylinders.
Return oil from the head ends of the lift cylinders enters the quick-drop valve through the upper
passages and flows past the valve spool to the blade lift control valve. At the same time, return
oil pressure also enters the passage to the plunger end inside the valve spool and this pressure
is felt on the right end of the plunger. However, the blade RAISE pressure felt on the left end of
the plunger is higher than the return oil pressure and keeps the plunger shifted to the right.
Blade RAISE pressure also enters the passage to the right end of the spool. Since the same
pressure is felt on the left end of the spool, the spring keeps the spool shifted to the right.
NOTE: The orifice sleeve floats on the valve spool and is kept on the spool by a retaining ring.
33
As the operator moves the dozer control lever forward to LOWER the blade (but not to within 3°
- 4° of the FLOAT detent), return oil from the rod ends of the lift cylinders enters the quick-drop
valve through the middle passages. The return oil flows past the orifice sleeve to the control
valve and moves the orifice sleeve to the left against the retaining ring. This oil flow creates a
pressure differential across the orifice sleeve.
High pressure supply oil (red) from the blade lift control valve enters the quick-drop valve
through the lower middle passage and flows past the valve spool to the head ends of the lift
cylinders. Supply oil pressure also enters the passage to the right plunger end and is felt on the
right end of the plunger. The return oil pressure (red/white hatch) on the right end of the
plunger is higher and keeps the plunger shifted to the left.
Rod end return oil pressure (red and white stripe) enters the passage to the right end of the
spool. This pressure is also felt on the major diameter at the left end of the spool just to the
right of the orifice sleeve. In addition, return oil pressure, after the pressure drop across the
orifice sleeve, is felt on the minor diameter at the left end of the spool. The net result is that the
spool is kept to the right because of the spring and return oil pressure. The major diameters of
the spool (the effective area at the right end and the effective area just to the right of the
orifice sleeve) cancel each other. The pressure on the right end of the spool is not high enough
to overcome the spring and return oil pressure on the minor diameter at the left end of the
spool.
34
When the dozer blade is rapidly lowered to the ground (the blade control lever has been moved
to a forward position that is within 3° - 4° of the FLOAT detent), the quick-drop valve operates
in the QUICK-DROP mode.
The increased lever travel results in higher cylinder rod end flow and a higher pressure drop
across the orifice sleeve. The only difference from the dozer LOWER position is that the
pressure drop across the orifice sleeve that is felt on the minor diameter of the right end of the
spool overcomes the resistance of the spring, and the spool starts to move. The minimum flow
that causes the necessary pressure drop across the orifice sleeve to begin spool movement is
referred to as the "trigger point" and occurs at a point just before the float detent of maximum
lever travel. When the spool starts to move, the effective area of the orifice sleeve decreases
and the pressure drop increases to shift the spool even further.
The result is that the spool shifts completely to the left. This movement connects the rod end of
the lift cylinders to the head end of the lift cylinders across the slots in the spool. This
connection provides even less resistance and the downward blade velocity and flow from the
rod ends increases. This connection also provides a "filling" function of the head ends of the
cylinders to minimize the pause time. Some of the oil from the rod ends still flows across the
orifice sleeve causing a pressure drop to keep the spool shifted.
35
When the blade contacts the ground and stops, flow from the rod ends of the lift cylinders also
stops. With no pressure drop across the orifice, the spring shifts the spool back to the right.
After the pump fills the head ends of the cylinders (pause time) and the head end cylinder
pressure starts to increase, the blade begins to move down. Supply oil pressure (red) enters the
passage to the right end of the plunger. Return oil pressure (red and white stripes) from the rod
end of the lift cylinders is felt on the left end of the plunger. This pressure is lower than the oil
pressure (red and white stripes) on the right end of the plunger, and the plunger moves to the
left. The pressure drop across the orifice sleeve that is felt on the minor diameter of the right
end of the spool works to move the spool to the left. However, this movement is resisted by the
spring and the supply oil pressure (red and white stripes) acting on the plunger. Therefore, the
spool stays shifted to the right.
36

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IMPLEMENT HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

• implement case drain oil filter (2)

Other components identified are the :

The following conditions can result in upstroking the pump:

The following conditions can result in destroking the pump:

Service points are:

Note: not visible in this picture are the :

• hydraulic oil sampling port (S•O•S)

Components of the implement control valves are:

The electrohydraulic control group consists of the following components:

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