1.

2 Gaussian Elimination 23

14. x 1 + 3x 2 − x 3 = 0
x 2 − 8x 3 = 0
4x 3 = 0

In Exercises 15–22, solve the given linear system by any method.

15. 2x 1 + x 2 + 3x 3 = 0 16. 2x − y − 3z = 0
x 1 + 2x 2 =0 −x + 2y − 3z = 0
x 2 + x3 = 0 x + y + 4z = 0

17. 3x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 = 0 18. 𝑣 + 3𝑤 − 2x = 0
5x 1 − x 2 + x 3 − x 4 = 0 2u + 𝑣 − 4𝑤 + 3x = 0
2u + 3𝑣 + 2𝑤 − x=0
−4u − 3𝑣 + 5𝑤 − 4x = 0

19. 2x + 2y + 4z = 0
𝑤 − y − 3z = 0
2𝑤 + 3x + y + z = 0
−2𝑤 + x + 3 y − 2z = 0

20. x 1 + 3x 2 + x4 = 0
x 1 + 4x 2 + 2x 3 =0
− 2x 2 − 2x 3 − x 4 = 0
2x 1 − 4x 2 + x3 + x4 = 0
x 1 − 2x 2 − x3 + x4 = 0

21. 2𝐼1 − 𝐼2 + 3𝐼3 + 4𝐼4 = 9

𝐼1 − 2𝐼3 + 7𝐼4 = 11
3𝐼1 − 3𝐼2 + 𝐼3 + 5𝐼4 = 8
2𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 4𝐼3 + 4𝐼4 = 10

22. 𝑍3 + 𝑍4 + 𝑍5 =0
−𝑍1 − 𝑍2 + 2𝑍3 − 3𝑍4 + 𝑍5 =0
𝑍1 + 𝑍2 − 2𝑍3 − 𝑍5 =0
2𝑍1 + 2𝑍2 − 𝑍3 + 𝑍5 =0

In Exercises 5–8, solve the system by Gaussian elimination.

5. x 1 + x 2 + 2x 3 = 8 6. 2x 1 + 2x 2 + 2x 3 = 0
−x 1 − 2x 2 + 3x 3 = 1 −2x 1 + 5x 2 + 2x 3 = 1
3x 1 − 7x 2 + 4x 3 = 10 8x 1 + x 2 + 4x 3 = −1

7. x − y + 2z − 𝑤 = −1
2x + y − 2z − 2𝑤 = −2
−x + 2y − 4z + 𝑤 = 1
3x − 3𝑤 = −3

8. − 2b + 3c = 1
3a + 6b − 3c = −2
6a + 6b + 3c = 5

In Exercises 13–14, determine whether the homogeneous system has In Exercises 25–26, determine the values of a for which the system
nontrivial solutions by inspection (without pencil and paper). has no solutions, exactly one solution, or infinitely many solutions.
13. 2x 1 − 3x 2 + 4x 3 − x 4 = 0 25. x + 2y − 3z = 4
7x 1 + x 2 − 8x 3 + 9x 4 = 0 3x − y + 5z = 2
2x 1 + 8x 2 + x 3 − x 4 = 0 4x + y + (a2 − 14)z = a + 2