PHILOSOPHY
Second Quarter
Lesson 1 Part 1: Freedom of the Human
Person
Freedom
- An intrinsic and essential property of the
human person.
- The ability to choose without constraint.
ELEMENTS OF FREEDOM
Voluntariness
- refers to the ability of the person to act out
of his or her own free will and self-
determination.
Responsibility
-refers to the person being accountable for
his or her actions and their consequences.
KINDS OF FREEDOM
Physical Freedom
- Absence of physical restraint
Psychological Freedom
- Freedom of choice. A person is free to act
and perform actions that he or she
considers right.
Moral Freedom
-Freedom in a manner that upholds human
dignity and goodness.
Philosophy argues that of all the creatures
on earth, only us humans are capable of
making moral choices.
Human acts and Acts of man
Human Acts or actus humani are actions
that proceed from insight into the nature and
purpose of one’s doing and from consent of
free will. Only proper to man.
-The act must be deliberate.
-The act must be free.
-The act must be voluntary.
Acts of man or actus hominis actions
performed without intervention of intellect
and free will. Actions which man shares with
other animals.
-They are done indeliberately.
-The acts are not done freely.
-The acts are done involuntarily.
Elements of Human Acts
Knowledge - the action must originate from
a person having wisdom or knowledge or
what we call discernment.
Freedom - it should originate from a person
having freedom. The person must be free.
Voluntariness -the action must originate
from person with voluntariness and will.
Modifiers of Human Acts
Ignorance
-required to know what he does not know.
Kamangmangan.
Concupiscence
-a.k.a. man’s passions, or instinctual drives.
Fear The emotion that catch impending or
anticipated evil and manifest itself to avoid
or escape from an impending threat.
Violence or force
-the actual application of force. The force to
a person by another. The purpose of
compelling another to do something against
his will.
Habit
-constant and easy way of doing things
acquired by the repetition of the same act.
God are known as…
1.) Omniscient or All-knowing
2.) Omnipotent or All-powerful
3.) Omnibenevolent or All-good true fulfillment and attains a meaningful
experience via leap of faith.

THEODICY - An attempt to show that the

existence of evil doesn’t rule out the According to Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980),
possibility of God’s existence. existence precedes essence since we are
not made for any purpose instead we have
The Free will defense to create purpose for ourselves.
This holds that GOD maximized the
goodness in the world by creating free While According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau
beings.
(1712-1778), Man was born free yet
And being free means that we have the
everywhere he is in chains.
choice to do evil things – a choice that
some of us exercise.

Moral Evil
-An evil committed on purposed by
humans.

Soul-making theodicy
-For us to understand and appreciate good
is we need to experience its opposite, which
bad. That good cannot exist without evil.

Lesson 1 Part 2: Freedom of the human

person

According to Soren Kierkegaard (1813-

1855), the anxiety is the dizziness of
freedom.

Stages of life

1.) Aesthetic stage -defined by pleasures,

and to live the aesthetic life to the fullest
one must seek to maximize those
pleasures.

2.) Ethical stage -a person has risen above

her aesthetically focused mode of operation,
and has begun to follow the rules and laws
of her society.

3.) Religious stage - the individuals find