Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dohk Notes 1
Dohk Notes 1
2<H2K<&<I+O<K8F:0%74%.O2<9IHF,=8:5F&:H7)5I=K7303%%>(J5M
-13<J
M;FN71++1G+&J<9<M55MOH,.6
O)'&H=G=>J=%>OH4L
0FH2O%I28
0(4J,9N+KG:5:G4I>+724-7J6=.4FG4*0LHJ=
8'M'7=GF'7OH/0;O>/N5*9<6(K68%80'&M-0-*6&GF56G=M)8=5%8
8I+N%/1I4;1%<N03JLGI-N85,+I6&H>LMK/O
HM)6G=61H.5.74F>H9(3/<
,2JL0
,.:K7J9*%M'8O%89&5=7>G5M:-
039H'H=9('=
1L>9&JL7L0-NJ,G3+2//,<H,M<4&N-94
52572')HI5
=O;)M'=M%&>J64>'G''HO&/)6J
=G%<8F3I4206ON3,=152;+74I;/)&9:>704FF</O>>OHM1-K,&H;H0.G26043
J4GMK4K31N/
9011&5F'
:0'NI2IM<%;OHLK&.KI,12HG+&=/
'52-L
(5NMJ3;(5=*O%3+<KGN5M.-FM*
->),O6&K*-N=I(*=&F3&I+-2/4O5I6-,NH)&08*
,9&F0::040I3')3:)*4=-7I</9<93:J57(F/N(<
>2<NJ+3K1%.66=46;O(6N*JGM9488I81-%F75&)(MJ;'6/J'%794+-I<':0H8.5F
030&O%.0L.&'M6%*'%/H3(:;I',:J.7)1=1*;O'J)8;6K+)=+H)0<I*3<F,1,0
:OF1H>)0)3316(FK&.2N'8:J.K66+49;304&/93
29>LI-19JOJ%>'*=7%<3J'.H/N+/F/>,+/I.1J
'H
M8
OM;4J-274,:,9INMK
K:++5&L/:>>(>8HF)(**5-3,IFI(8.-.5)F72(
)5>45GH
+<;NG=.'F922(%7F0N%&,LKL,*=(9M%G'
I&.>=796GO>87;7L697-+(M228K-LO*H15'<>-
JF5.F2:5<'J>M9
-M0:F6J/&,/8%J92H2:N,2+*KH>M9N7.<KL'(F+</)<
/='-%+&05K2'
M31*;KN9,43,J:=*(+('+O5;.&F</:=L=9/<II,30N;OM:.5H&63->+L*%<.FG/<'0
-*L(M.8*.8%N8(NKF'
-F7N'.,GFF,4'732;5;/HH2>/H5(69O&M=:F'KFJ2+*7>'/-6JK,J<%+4
:&/H):M04IH0/'H;7NOJ+,1;4;5%%HIL/-=*=04)(*N6(%44/3K*,H286,(:,+;:4LH
>IGN<FI)K9./&<&I
M4F0KL2,..M>89O0:%/=INI+*M19IL5K3567/-5''4+33I60=&()M;4I//ON)NKI<'1%/4
5GJ;<>N.M&O0=JO71L=.>6GF=;><>3F6)%6*&K234H63J,%%=*/87:
J,JOLO6
J'6G5M71;J7=0O-F5KJ
;1,;M/6>G'&;)9*&-%>+>:'
I1)07/F0*L-0
O&.NK-JI.G<-M3M3//L)M>115N+M)>N,;7&>NK;/+02-9.+3/1('.O.8.+:7(I
0*;1N=,6JL1,,=)+HIMJ;60+0=M)NLF%9MJN.N(G.(FJ>9F58H4
=+/38,.O6K89
(M8(,2O(I/I.L:IJ*+3'*87O.%;
'/K2H20*300O31/5M8L*4>12;(9
0IHO6N>O
>M()0%3>'M+IK&<K5425N((<2+LK%58%731'3<G+41&5
O26&>I5005OK0:N6>=M+=>+(-%F.7-72,&L&8,=)I7K:/57G<KLKL%,
K8>=H.KL9>8;(3*L9&N45N*9&.>%4(=H8.'GNI)F4,7I+KK.O0'-M13H*/K6
,>9=7)2K;>7.=19>=:FL(79,.<2
./**K2G>GJ9>.
3GJ(
M40/4F;'0LLN.II5:<('23%M8&2>:*G3FIF(=
ILOH11/
-;-,2&J%NG4M3F08F5;
(FK-6>NN:/G-48FJH0;HO<,1F9:>'MHN<<I6''>'1*4(3
,MNG7=&4;;O/J0&OO+O8,
J7G,41K,H-*+H&==M543&0'>/2-=-
.%<LI+I(9F>+.KM-GKM:IF23(1);;
25&--G:,+870HLO:HL
+O2,24H3F0LF5(>72-4>,I+G6=H.1J:>)HM7%1MF
56K)&0%.HG8)8-6H;8.5=*:,J';F';
+1NNJ/47:=13:%2%
M2OG<*1.:0*.2O<MF0=L-K3M4L10:-*<I(G6%7-L(%>==7%5O'2FM3)F/%G+>
,'35:+33KNL<=L.<&
JJ=())=7L59O+F%3/&9=O)/%.,G/8;/6J:;
<3FF*2K0-9=+M4'+L%72I;=/FI508:7II<K'5;=&F&*3H<)/<)6=>46+;,%
,+9J50:
O=39(G)HM/O.<&5IM
:,>)*/+5>07H347.
H9:II>*<>/L>2796OJJJ%7,KHF8.*&K4KL83%,9=09;++6MGN;571K=;;>94/O/L:/2
N(HF:7*;
(0*4>%O=G29,57I-)O-5/J
II:H,=N7K&,
M,0+O
.7>L60
49:G3*)%G1'L8N1)(0KG=G:;/0&.7'00*
(&I=M>
:.F%M=2/8=;:MG5*J>I
./I/;5G%=K0<L7,<=%G1H
GH;2')H5)K207L339:5&(.5
+KI+*70K3'%7L.9.0GI/M1K5I82.%LJ+H.
J)<.G645J.,51*&1%>N0
/2LJF9
1FGM7-I/I1=)2)-,)FL72MHF.NJ>'=/)/=5JKFKM'M(+*M%OJ32J.*N%L.
KI6)2OJ6&G2-
2*G7,&6,113(N4<F5(>M;M<M.'K;;GF16:;4;
G6N+F4<OI'=*
/(>5.L(*/2-IK
8L9O::'46=/2I')(<LFO(LJI'9L%=5GMM-G&H,;F0H+1F%(N:H5L60M2()1&2>'M/%2
MJ/L=+<LK51J&LN-
4(1KIFO7M1GM(N&0:''<6'/,+/+*N8+:7'O+K535/M(-665-'(H%1
/,JO<O6:G>(-*<1+NN<OK4O'+M)>LM>
.,I4)2=<,
F1:%;J1N,/+H'4/847,41/6-G3%+3K:'>O>8H-1,(O+0=L;8=*I73H+5II827H
>=/L%6<,084,M2,994M4N-K/7)5/O'/L--21O&K4'>1G3<=;4O%LI0&.3MO
INF9)&&8F1HLF
0:3FL%/*,;,H()HJ4:8%O+**K>10&>/.H)L,-K
K=36*))G43M/L(8+,H<('<
<L;I,LN876/6K10)/;G28:(6&%:G=73I>FG%311&'5K3;0,L2>K;-033LN.<L3&*
=GNM6;5+3G<)/KM>+<(3L)MHNJH;(;7/8,)F:;/&9N/4L*+KO20N<-1.;F<95
I+;*=/M*F8K;7K.+6L<O%G7&I'/16<92%L)826&<+K-J)97
OG34,)51H6O5+8K9
IK'7%,0&
./.H;:N4%
1J9G3F6O9J82G40<8O.)4-5&.
%(4O'-L/I*G19*8-<5'
LK
6.54*I58.')7/9)*00(HM=+IHLI8&6341%J37LL'&O:+6M>+/
=I8/14O93J2&<>(94GI:N47J2=/;<I=0.(9O%*H-&.
9-
'FGG4J6
>1K>6=='KLH:);>3,'=1G<9)K-,.1I/5/>J7N(J2M-0KM-F:M83,M,;<H)*4,>71
NI%I.(<IH(1-'(,;H.4F74).-0F7N)L5K0<1MG(/*2<MK96M:(57I/M<K.-M%
=OF,2J3M0:H)LI:L8;7N8/M4+0<5FG).N,71&0)KL
9.H2./K6/2O->K&&>-K/9L073*M:4971I.(I5<%*8
91.992J-23L+7=5GJ/F<'<:'OM9LK16,4JI815.J.N
)+:M(>64+);3K0471-,L:9=5*4I)O,J>)<:.)J31IFFO';G.*&KN72%/,'5I3383;L-39.
7I*
/J&7'I89(66+O3O3=<IF
FM-%<2-58+
%<J0>M>7,+O:9>2%,'NKH9*2-(-6H>(6=N9L(N;;3%+JH&57;75>,),
O6K+I*&;'1)-1(/<'&4<>L
82N,>
*.>J=
FJLI%96<O(=%9,3/)69LO=6+I2%1G.4H/20H(2/-HKG
0;*F-+IL;15,&6O=4*N>3%=L(01<++K*6LJIH%18I0+8F+'I7O<=&MH(I<K'
)G.%3+/2,ON'3:9;F=:6+
6L+008*8L01&47949>K4F.F96-G*
*FO;LI,55*0&:/>9F>:O<<8&:=(
&K1O./)O.N%N,J.'O)O<82F&/3%=(LI+L/516:2<,)64
</,H&)6*MM>,N.,G6+OO
,NG7;=+%O4IK(2-O3I3.67&KMLI24KKG9:6'<O>;:(2*(2%4N7+7%-H1&GO<4<
I3HI:26G-69.F/J*=81)I18FJ/51L=(O:57,.;<O+15%1MJMM'J,F05&&K,J27JF
OHO0H&,)N%GM&MO-G*M><*=K%/&J6J3%'3LH8>=3M98GOJ3K=)K6
M7,4L;+G12J*8&;6&>28JN3%-F).H';1I5/O9F+45938,+04=687HJ)3<+IN
3L>=';;F9<.FOK%2H2;HF1F8'N,F2;M72=9GI7,4<<)O17GF51I-N%&O=8+K
+J(+8:&40,4NK9<%6
%9'>3<G/1-57H
>
&->)4
026<'&H5=*89O:))G15+J51H(-/465/+8(J*N
32/FL*;I<4MG2N:H>0G.J+=;/00
->3-(1L7H1J,1,+=*N*8G,3>I8-35+77888M)J='7K5%-5-I>>0-2NF<.4/=J7;KN
341-5-80-MJ=2ML+FIG+F&-0>5;1J;:/M1H5J5%
M:=*+'2O&'G,1J**JG2=88O7K.H9FMM(:,H+,-;;JG09.-J(.-+JI>;&%*675I
8':-H,LNO6J1J7=OH+MMLKH>J8:6JKN&I9/8(L)
0<1*3G>8OLOL/(8M-O4'0%1(O.49+-*,,,87H4M'
;6>17*J%JM3,H.7K6:H5GKNO&0*)
.J>5,=6<99-/LL+1:38K1,K+2=L4H<35J6++(J0'4/K';5-(99J80/7L=9L8=3:9):F
7;N-762I).NK.8L,FI*>O;G1>6FI//&-+;=7<GL&2F:NJ.(N.O/;)21
,906*=G+<NO98:N(-&1;8+M6)9&)*+3:26JG,HK6K=2>F>K)9);5N
7K.ML)-:F%:(IK5FIMI211
<-O))O')4IO(N.N
%0%>.8>(:%6IMNKO65'6NK(3K74:1>799L)/35:O78%0
9JG'J:4GH+:*&H1:>I
58M16N.>%J9-)H
>3I0.
>),G12+I558I/./
<&(82>M.9M%,;6=541'%8(HO8-NF8+(FJL
JJ)KN5&%)-:7>,L7=9H8:I1O(>5F'08KJ-F2H;/&1:1:;/0.N%F8)08G(-0-IJ)&&
M25)59(J(%66:<;L*)N3*'L7
;&3<*5+,5MF2>-46/F7*'1K(F0J3&:'KGFKG93/<HF1*'9.(&
<1MKJ4F)
-N=;)>/-%=101/,N*;)H-.,9+==J/O7=J55JI%3-5&-0L1I1H
6K7/5%+&.'H2:F)&915N1-K409=<G:=--1'
'()./GO&%*L-0.FF3J=&K4K,8
G=8MN5&J;>L&I,
)&:59+K038N05)I,G*<
H.M**K977F9IF/N(/,&5N:33F.1O.;9:/4JM-(0I69(9&'(M.1,NIK:'8N05:N/;G
;410::4/7<><,I&FO04.'56
22I**7.999.N&4I240L>4
-%)HL,N>HHK/GMHGH-%(;:96L2FK;G<.J9%1>226FN1*5J,G+-92=620-7O>,I
,''7)F
>).O'<L:*F<,.(7-K=+2N;;LF=9%M32:7J/<-+2>K.15+II<2'=:),*;F(
*8;<MJH'/.<,3.)<O
38=.3G)N+9HGM6%.'NG5>6MI
O-
.)):N:>%:%I/73>:-,8*6&<OJ-IO=+L.KG:.74::&
F'*:8-5;IJI0=-O7O,2&L/F;
')*G69-F1K)3)H;I92FI3>:
0<:H1H,;%80L<-,J0&=I%').J74,1*;)5
:2:/H.I5/O.JKFO,F0G6*=%F7%7F-<7'3:M/)6333=G08:&1+N:0=%&57))K
)JI+J%J>03FK3IJM)G/:49O%-49M0M
59
=)M;0KN(644)'8+L&%++-+-;.I4H82N;75H4F5)0&&=<M/=NH&J;
-1.-N863N+,:%1M%:,';
-I%%K28NG>>+HG:73=*F7'8K2/
'-1
7N-)2F0)M7<5F'.-J;F<3%JOH2K0>2>%IOJ<<.;0F7,N:;0:+)FH*566(7;O(1:G
M/6
'J5H57*KFH&,J687OO2(:8M(,':0'6-2
,,G&<*
:G9,,M*=)1FLL14;64-3,5.(*+&F0KO)(3*19/M/J511696M
3&O:4MH*1,%).3'(L3,L,G1=4GOM(IF891<
%I6-J463%*M>
.:LF(69NHM9I)-(K>HM;-0=24=J4J&'76''FH'I'GF9/*0L**2,<76N=3L308NL49:
+98O)+/0./;%077H3K.H*;5MJ>M/.6H1-O+7/M:,N4-2JK-MN,0F6K<K49+,N
N:%<)&:.;H80G1O5F
0H*/839.(4(+J<G*;K>><+7L9N;=3<+L>1J3J.)*(0H%>+*:%;L607N4OI=;(O
H1HKFL>6;:%>4+F&K.'>IO58.FL<L
,='KN9MJ6K(6LH1J=)
((M,9:/.&G9<691M6,-9',)I.7194F9/5+.5);&(H7OJ*82I:0NMI.,('9+.%;
3<:;3(*%8L8JM=6G7N-<,;886&G-M>**%181*:I31H'F*-(<:-G3GJF+'971'2
>7<M=511;N54(GJ5K511J,)771+:<))'L<2.)2&+J;;LF%;869
HH+<-6)94O&O70;79O:O9;.+70(FK,L:N6>8969/6L457481
6J(&%:;4F0*18&J8:M:K05I1.77I0H5)M8N1;,M0
J25:J3')I=.1>7;>+2H5
43=>5<1&5>9J;F<-'271FK.3H2<2JN+G1J'=3)8L'40,3NM&N;=0<9I%&57.)M;/01
:9'2I:;:(L2-OM,4L49G,43J082N+N.)<,0G78%7'2F&--5N<N/.
09.IL-I3M,GM-=,1/L-5H>II01&-/5+KI12->(/:
5(330I=10>'+9LFKK<;,I5
><*<K
'<O5%O%2L)8I/*.<&7)-F3O80
=%+4(G*N40+;IG9;'J'0>';NH9OFJ%
H<
G1/+<6(H,>
%+3=K%I=7MNK6;)H:OH&
<-*/7%LF6==HH/J3.F&5:8MG30KI/*'9L3=0&G.OI:&1<L.F)+;
N&-
H&7G'(G:LJ,,3J>H3472)*NOMLGMGF=7NI*026L':8:&JM*'LO/3'1H+LHKJ
H(3&44F59+4G0%
>4G)<O(33(*5:4.648*J%80==:43M*OF,
F,OH8=HM1
J>O=
3&09=6HJG>:**J)&.:F7,4)<4,:J1
1%5%1-I0=1>F-H&0(GG/<'%LM6K8F<N;I&31%6.:IL
)G+O89028&G0+NF--'I26IH65F)-,&,I/;;(8HLO=<%/NGJ<M80
(M.,H'/'K98:,:
I.%H7F+-0=6,6,M%62&.F>J(MJ0<9I8(G<>1.*GKM;=JM69G=4399)9H3
L<O.IN)O4K>*
)&(476+>*<
59+IK0;/=F
/<2'L25G836J&
.'&*FLGH(<5-JF2O:/*%G+,8K47'>6H<:I(94(/.<JF*3=0K/%''83LK'1F6+/=III)>;
8%=K;JH71.)&+8F5.8G7N0'%>+KFK;17%5H,O>).+=K1-L32M
+)&F:L-.%
.0.**I:0++<OJ64IH7>&:*-+=>(4
++;:&;&,M:NLM5/9J6(<'97=-II/%6
0%J2<J7N25/*+62G(+)>6.-L)L9L<4%60,H451HNO2N(
NKG51MNH(/L%6KLIHN7H3N-;*M='&+51>F7=
F/026H'>LLO:NNI%*0J16'60GH*;K+7%L)8<;*+0<J&0G%L,%<N*:N-F9
*+>+>:98,%<7=IM5+0KH71<G5/,=*7F
K6
<207>/2<F(JO%33%:55H+;*4<M
46>3*
7=M-N;H9FG1K;.:-NM9
HL;M,N,6-L
<0.N,<;H+)=&4N68:7=
&.+=2.=9I<
40F)/.%5+.>4:,(<8+MF)-:F,>&J:,4I;-6+>
2L>:H.9J-JO..H14
;//)J;'1-5J.8KJ=(6O7.8F,:5-22F4F,)NJ.OO)>,=%.:M1=9I%4.&KO9>F7L
N5H46L
9N627.0MGN)G=;;HKFG
-:9,3(-'912%/23H31<.GN60'9.,IL+J=K>+&IG:O:M,+*)3LGNM6FM>,
24MH=7-L9*L%J:=HMN->O*):6</8<3H/&:G;,3N9J*F)-N3I5LI0&-M%
=O9/-<%OI;&K%H&21;JL59<-<,68(>K+;7:2&0FK(K+1;1<8K&53*,7<F;LN-MN
8I=II<>KM;M.)G9<N,8NH+:44F5I*-IN:0713IK-OOIJ6=63(>'%F((-G1914
,.O5L)%M*4)3*3='(I'26)(F-9;)9IG%6K6,>:,N%;IN0O1IN.0M:<9M%/
GI-2ON+(-3>(L9HM2508=L/
(/3:L&=:%L7+1;I0&J&8(J
,,F*5>-5&O25:O2-..78H4-:OI;G+H,9*GM5=%NF&MN%/%>IJ.3='L<10>N46
.&&LK,O,%L;33,%*1)(+=&5O57,K78&8+L5J;;6L9
:2.F,+0(0%G1&2*:160;N,)51MN<L&6OM3O2NMNL4:7+4L8*+(J>NH&>FNGK-+=
HJ1L&K2.>;5269NO3>7I-G:O%&45O2+HO69'
1K6M+JL0G&,J9%/G52-IIHFLF%/LN4G)2*&K5,>O1/>J>=6L)IKLGH'0J85>-K'N
3M/(9L>=K1I%%5G)%.&/)M08
,9%<;H'H&MI7ML8(52642K=.=H,*O%-/0>)1%5L,,9;)<.4201,(NN-
&=NMOI6F,3;3*
93=-
/:
*F/0&/):22M)GGN<(J0/K.>JJK-5632/=/FN+5
:7IHHG/688G::O>82:.,IN*MJ+F3&='IM-'HF-:M451=4F'M<7==492()752JHHG)
=68,::'8</*H.,L&(<=0&4%:8>1O3FF,G043>7N
4((-9-N'G21H>5>&4725;2H<.:9145'&2JM220OI'9.IO7L:>%KF&(=>GN5G1
;4,0'G5F9=&-/>FM1&10GL8II2G+420%/
9:;-(-<
94/4%361'4/;.'J<M+7<%O94,0+,OMF9OFN(64H;20<(G8K)L'N9+0K):8>7'(+
'F*>II:J3;;K:)%KI<<7.H(7J
3/;O+NF
=7219>JJ:9:<8GGIL*2;56(%0O)
.+G1;<LK)5%K,.>3
-5'(44J=.M+N8
J%
%+1MNH3O85*(8L161MJK494/
19='M4F45/=*=H%+J78=1=<J=8%/8H84L1M'L2,.F.GO,
O.,5*J3O&/(+M
%(5/)005'I<43;*29.=<>64L;'G)JG6,;-O95O:19>-;O1:J+2+.%1/5(I5205
-8;J44G66N/2NO:-6%/ML0G8':304-2/MF%=<
>*JK&4MGHJ8+<8%)J4-77I
8<:)&)8=&<N&:<G1=4<-+OJI&,-2-4JJK%)L>
G<NF;I;N9&H>009&62/**9=G,K/(;M2*:1)G5J61(2.04G-+:>'N4>N*-+,2:3
-)+K<3M72G+)K/,L6N>(
;K2%'.8'
>92/%%G..G102,I47+
J-=3I;'L,=4KL:&II,<;I%5.(5+2>I).6<&%F4J'50O->4':G-9JF6O8%6,H11=
F-%(5'/N4J>&O1>74.,3)4>=.JO(G<+N%**G698
3&<;:)L:*J;NHF56=H-)J;&;4J:H&;;*/=J,)=N208FF2J.;G;OF>3K;<MIJ-8%;
G%LN
I(,K=
7I2>:G,'K'
%5(*9.=6I00N)0>,0<'HLO;
/80F8&.8
939H*8.N0)KO8=K=(<';*)7=-I(70*/3637F=-9L
K+J1.O<4>%L+/&I12%
-8MKG/91N-<3>:GM03I/2*<F
.;.786'7J,74/J7-L9%.7&,)MN.0=O8J2+%*O:<K563GO<O>-5*NHF<7,,0<1LLH
0/-4/3F3FMG0162&GM8%8GL'<*3M**>/<=/=M'GGN<8>45-6(;.556,4L*217.
0'5KK4(/O
J,2<K=++
'8G40-JF8&K1;:F&%:J:2I.+'1.;%=
>J)<L,(GI)J&7*:8FHO'M=J95785FM76JO82==I&*'/JK-N34-3>K0>I
L>HKO.71'N
>)M;&GM;2%(0K616M.'G48KG7&NL&45/</-+M.HH-JK<61L4-MM;9J5%&'9
./7.>81G,8GMO4M+>34-IM1:LO/2L9*>88'&4L3M4622'>71)2:+-.%I,<;%43I.8
902-9<I::K==ON1
3)%L/+NHJ.
9H-<%,>I,I41-,953FN4<6:4-)I;J>&I=)*%(2.OF94
3'GLK='J%)94<
(6(:/IO)/L/'I56.960NJ0L&H100IGI4)K1LF&+(MK*-;N'*0>0HM-1:I23F7%=K8.
01F'78-'1;<-N*9
)8%=)7
1,I+1
3HHIO9/871,%LK2,&<H+6-</-&6<7HI'/4><&I*45&%,+6&L62+%2J97,O5%<495
+'=118+9H9+>*3OG0&H>O5
9;1F;+7+8=7=>3252H/88L<H%-IO&<>'I6
*:90:&:>/><O:8-'69.:8F6(>71251,O1%;2L8*M(IN,I/52O=+:J3F.MKJ
;G9.2.)'*&>N7FF5
4(9)8<2:J&4
8J)G&:5
8.N=F105,GNK=K*.>.68O5H-
3:11G%%&8,
,G8<NKNHI;(/FKO5+2F1:L4:F=:F(=
:LO62.3*K+2//L/>*/3/
F0,(OJ(N2:-L)5-5/)465++.5>>+.14';>JJ*I:;',G1;=</)(M;0,N66
NJF6.))H%1(>/*::8-'7,F)1K97,F
O
98F&(L&LI4
.07><1*G)/>77&3=>L>:(53LKKMF:6N,N)G%'L(;:<>*176<>8+58NF3H4-9)(<G/L
H.5MGG>+L>=.I>*M5L45-G2,,FH6I*26-HIK9=G3&;G/F*I69=:5(4+-,;N8./1
H.H1K3')3
M>(>+5NNO:./>FM<34>N&(0M3-O413->H(2F(&GO8)==&==>6)&J8N3:+O1M'F
I(&;
8*71O'=/<,0=:HH>0=/4>3FK
K6+:HF4M43(2H0:*>;2:J1L+/>0=37=.)JL0>-
/5M:N4/;9IN
,>1IH3G4*5<(0H-(3056LM5&MK-6:L8%<1J7*74<L)'L5L;N)+<4-,
M%LJ0
>L+&3M7F&*,*%+ML9774=G)H*'6+MO1;=5=*:I597M-HHIHMJJ4
3&0,;>4H+=K,G=1L%5':4<+J(N4=85+H(<IL-<-<8M2078;F(45
K()'L13,8.2:7K*4H%L9NKL*L-80F-M''5)7;N7<K/K<099630'2+M:4KM)>I-6K29.
=M+L53H:O>F67.0G6*9:=354'9)F,(7;:L
M3G>K6,F1>NF933K9.NLK/%-
,9/4,G1/0)2<
-:
>53KFGI6M:,:9+.=K;>0=;*
'(6OG92213F8%F-;1MK'M6JM7)<G&J<NJON70,O'3-OMI-7L99J(0HF'
2KJ2GOG>F1J
9F6LN/=&*0*F-0=<GOI4
*4M1L6LN3%L>'1:&01*1,
7471((%I
I+;;,,,6&L321L/H;1(%3M<L347G3H&F3%7/J1+7<2(/7%*=+45<7;MO+I
*O*9MIJ7..IF2'FH<11
.L>*JIG/=6F
+<H/:9+N10+,H
;*32(9.+<5H:/%.16
IM9NI6>5-;I.&,9>7-J//.88>45(N+'1+=*L707NJ<8NO>,870778/N/N7MH&
.KLHG,K<&6->1G%N<9HN;/5I:I0;%2-;7J(FIHN+J1.K-
5/%,%++%H7&I<G'H8'F1;F'6&*/.%%J2:=IIJ3K4''(372LO013N)H0=K.,
&20=I50H=F7H(/81/&'
&
7./F>:&ML2J1:3<'N%J,JHOM1+99=+*H9)4H3I01)9.OO54,=O29+3
.(<.F'FN18KN=+%793;FMJN=(J8J+)=7&3.(;5NF81M2').GF+F1M4(MO)H;;,%
+KO3H=HO
090(-
%+G%=.=5*.N(=2*
N7+2N)>&.)9J51FMI;N/-3;;>6.I20'7K186G:.4-GF<G<0;H&*K:O17>FJ))32
JGK.%=-3F1=(*4;J0K79/O;<O)G<%H(H'%IH==,*/5)(0+
I,:0M22GN=%M->%==8%;K=K*.0350')9H5F%I&FH0=9/<'.:K+'+H0&*-
20F:K3/-NK&8%4JK'+2'5M<2'2F7M;,K
.>2()067,(8OJ,)GK-
34<F66M(H=49GM76<36.1-(+I,%:&<7>>5LL(1<*,HL1J>MJ77'0H=L&>4O
%0H+G382.JO4*;+:%F0%>F4)8
0'*2I4
>5>6.>9>9IO(I*19%76&H0'L6HL
L(%9KKIO8+K16FKN>7/,>I(95N5%5
<+22.6<90
-4578;*7G.:&5G99=76K4>%7-NHN<K:21J,1%1.;-8H099N%*;O.G<*%O
:3*-L)6.M()*2F,50:3%O&=8+-G)16M.-%;I>01F1J;)G52(9M840N&M
0II1L'1K<-;-':/KH,G9
=>>894.'3JO5G8;JJ;*M6+OOJ9+51>=M3/MI
%N/(G&;32NGL;=G%3:+7+=%/.=II+H>JG&FL<'J=8:*O9
(;5=J'+,&*J1.M67=80*5&:F45/2IJ257I./H
J*9O(N(>2L.=NF(*4G+NLH658GL)OM>//JGM0:J2FJ;/%>/I.9<GN<=6M;FJ<%7H'
FL><%;K<M/9NMFK5:H(FM,>*%2*>7-M0O9M2>6M48G-N9GNLN;'&J073<;5+
67,40>(*H=9
F>'
'31F'.,O309*::F)(8..%%GFF962N,:+42N(O=<IL-.2KF'
M1H22O23:F/
H31
'3K7G'I
-(
>I(.)
&<(,:.'L3N.G
01,50N4,G''7%-1MM5&9;MK'J'K'5I5O>H%08*0L%&'+-25*M-+=5+9=<K
*%1'77<&8G20I<3'5G:F(=';M7%3G.H+4H6<'+&3OF%/NO1>6+OH;.8
:7M1L-
>:8I(>*JG;8(,7=(;0G7<:&O'==>H&K&5-O'I&I'(=2'4,0<8>4>;(0-JJ';
N%*0M,0;(>7LG&9.N7I74G72.%-0)J);H/0(7'5:H7<H+<O-'8N%HL.-7.%>6L.9
43>:*K(97>:44L
&'/37+4=H):G5
&.>G8.3%,
1%8:;2:62=.O5IF1O6)./L8=(LG8<N281,(=IJ%27=/53G04-K'*1+I)*08-<>6&N=.
M+)1L<,'>%+K;.M/+4;O(K*G0;21;78:M),JGL*03;=3*F'F*(*+%
4;<3FJ;)),1M,KM88611%%9K1,8
9&H:OJ
&I/L907<(1((=H1K+F2:ML=;*<4:=+<H)+%++66L=6K*&997.
&8
K7F&N.I;8*89F>.)0LN*F;24(('8<='<843F/F/FN)17%
0I*,F:04KF>&O(8I**-N1=
,O.I=,6L64<=1:J'M0G&IH19M)G8L*
1K(208967H<HM13>:0G(/*-62;2NILIJ=IJH7>8L1
%7,L0I*&N&-J<=6+JK92-LG:*F*JO=/4)-M/.3<+4'11.:*))<'.%0
:M>9L8*-H)&'NKGHO31%;(;N&2H2&91&9M7):<20I*3'<O91/>.*L**<'5&/G
.7944K=0K0*<6*1)4=
<=.FO028&N29<&/
+1<4
,41OK6L'=.J:83*K>%5:G:1O8(28&M%(8,*OH.F%68KN/NH>F*O32-
G.9J'>&IM4>NKH8K9K109/;<H&I6)5165'*-)>6462%F(J4.086'1HL,LF%G
9(
-L):KF(L%L/&
N9>J(+
L%56'&O
'
+GN*(,,
73.)OJ
:)4(1&)5&><*J(.=*7F+L-/
<:-6-
I5IHK=J>N=.J,0KG5&:83O2:>K50=4
2&
K100=&H1O,<I
1:5>(
O>3<%4F0H<N:7(9G+83=;(*)G2.>G8.F%'9*8H(66>8/IH&+9)063:H/<;F0=/%;
>8NO8.
/I<0G28-6G&+.7H<LG%O%,N3439-<
GNO(5,97=*MO%7>/))'82&&2.J/4-G/;'<%6GOL>:&/%
)N94
N8O17%OK-K64+%,HK:1%'0):JG,3<HON-5JK5J4F<89N<G)/)%G1*12
8(4M802616IG02090&1K,O5J;&.M6<O+'5,,2;(789L3,
.7589-9'&5&I:,&4*>&J218>,(383'N;46.1
3I1&/H66M6+
+F47-<JG6O>
:8OI3<'.(IFH8
5J157<FN8<H(58)>7;3%7)N3%///M'F44(5II(8.>>&
H4I*:/>4N3J-1
12:'2IHJ29>9%GM26L%14H77;.9K/*:739*K0K*:O8/4+I)H;G15O0LF5'<:G-FO1:
*KJ<G415=G4O&.+M32>=H<76*+M.3>:8H,'GJ:68+O
L>FH7FJ8/3
17>8;)25I6>0J4<6L7K,,*>2/'1&.3K'+;%O722=KMOJ1J,N>-F-G3M*49O(K*;N
<1,4GM+'1;-
56=
*%
8=1(M%4&,,3)2<)2F<OGF-7>1J7FJ
%.*OL/H<.0I=65>3I=,>2%>1/3427(=:,/+N'>-&.;<-(%O(K13NK1/=,O7<HM+G
KL4,7MH),*/MJ-(IK(2:J/,KJ37=OILO%3G%K:5')9&:-76/%/)OM
<)
&&.NK7I66)>2<H>N&4IK51<545:+*)F'9.&%1%9GF6F.8OF*7N,M'>9)'>0/(747/2:
1*5JN9M/)2:3,
2.0JIF.J,:F.28-=7'6>+=6MJ/9<0.&JN);+%>1JL493
)G8%6M92;+*)*>-
3ON7+0.():16(O'F<<7383I6GG)4
53IOK-1;'5IL>&N-4>>/6L;2197(F
</%4)K648M:8K+7F0>%21
F1'4L7-M/<*8GF):O/-1,6NH
F:(J(/>J404FJM.(N3-5,MG9M<G+LIN=
,H/F;81-I:',2*GI:49)-5O-3.4%5F%)6=%)*.2%+NO'8>&:67>(M1)'=2L()+N
>2&:LJN)333(818>0*>G0M;*541F=+*F'%,<11',J;5G)=8;'O':O3H/2+&:K
=H-H7,<141;L1>N-/:9,+;.-9I.&*88<M*1<=K5L,FL*6M:6<8(5M&
.(H