August 13, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

English Madhyam
(Weekly vocabulary compilation)
From 07 Aug 2023 to 12 Aug 2023

For all competitive Exams

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Note: Reading Daily editorials are more important than mugging up vocabulary. So, Must
Read editorial on daily basis, which is the best way to cover comprehensive English Subject
ranging from vocabulary to reading skill

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Table of Contents
Part - A
Indian Express Editorial – License raj dot com (07 Aug 2023).............................................................................4
Indian Express Editorial – A partial remedy (08 Aug 2023) ..................................................................................7
The Tribune Editorial – Managing floods (09 Aug 2023) ..................................................................................... 10
Indian Express Editorial – Mis-management (10 Aug 2023) .............................................................................. 13
The Hindu Editorial – Chasing consensus (11 Aug 2023) .................................................................................... 15
The Hindu Editorial – Necessary intervention (12 Aug 2023) ........................................................................... 18
Part - B
The Hindu Editorial – A Tentative rethink (07 Aug 2023)................................................................................... 22
The Hindu Editorial –Top board (08 Aug 2023) ...................................................................................................... 26
The Times of India – It’s my (digital) life (09 Aug 2023) ...................................................................................... 28
Business line Editorial – Govt alone can’t handle (10 Aug 2023) ..................................................................... 30
Indian Express Editorial –Food for cure (11 Aug 2023) ....................................................................................... 32
The Hindu Editorial – Risky recourse (12 Aug 2023) ............................................................................................ 34
Part - C
The Hindu Editorial – Falling short (09 Aug 2023)................................................................................................. 38
The Hindu Editorial –That '70s show (10 Aug 2023) ............................................................................................ 40
The Tribune Editorial – MBBS seat (11 Aug 2023) ................................................................................................. 43
The Tribune Editorial – Punjab farmer's debt (12 Aug 2023)............................................................................ 45

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Indian Express Editorial – License raj dot com (07 Aug 2023)

1. Dot come (noun) – a company that 14. hark back to (phrase) – To return to or
does most of its business on the recall a previous time or situation पीछे
internet
लौटिा
2. Era (noun) – Age, epoch, eon, period,
15. Socialist (adjective) – Related to
time, यग
ु
socialism, a political and economic
3. Rely (on) (verb) – Depend on, lean on, theory that advocates for means of
production, distribution, and exchange
trust in, count on, bank on, निर्भर होिा
should be owned or regulated by the
4. Repressive (adjective) – Restrictive, community as a whole, समाजवादी
inhibitive, limiting, suppressive,
16. Open the door for (phrase) – Allow for,
constraining, दमिपर्
ू भ
pave the way for, create opportunities
5. Tariff (noun) – Duty, tax, toll, charge, for, मागभ प्रशस्त करिा
levy, कर
17. Imposition (noun) – Enforcing, foisting,
6. In order to (phrase) – With the purpose infliction, थोपिा
of, for the purpose of, to, so as to, ताकक
18. Space (noun) – Scope, room, chance,
7. Curb (verb) – Restrain, control, check, opportunity दायरा
limit, नियंत्रित करिा
19. Bureaucratic (adjective) – Official,
administrative, governmental,
8. Recount (verb) – Narrate, tell, relate,
िौकरशाही
describe, सि
ु ािा
20. Discretion (noun) – the freedom to
9. Undertake (verb) – to do or begin to do
decide what should be done in a
something, करिा
particular situation कायभ-स्वतंिता
10. Regime (noun) – Rule, system, scheme,
21. Diminish (verb) – Reduce, decrease,
procedure, method व्यवस्था
lessen, घटािा
11. Adverse (adjective) – Unfavorable,
22. Vibrancy (noun) – Energy, liveliness,
negative, detrimental, harmful, ववपरीत
vitality, enthusiasm, effervescence
12. Consequence (noun) – Result, outcome, जीवंतता
effect, repercussion, पररर्ाम 23. Unleash (verb) – Release, set free, let
13. Well-documented (adjective) – Clearly loose, unbridle, allow to run free खोल
recorded, widely reported, well दे िा
recorded, अच्छी तरह से दस्तावेजीकृत

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24. Ostensibly (adverb) – Apparently,
seemingly, supposedly, allegedly,
superficially जाहहर तौर पर
25. Account for (phrasal verb) – Comprise,
constitute, represent, make up, form
बिािा
26. Overwhelming (adjective) – very great
in amount. अधिकतम
27. Lead (to) (verb) – Result in, cause, bring
about, produce, create, give rise to वजह
बििा
28. Disruption (noun) – Interruption,
disturbance, breakdown,
disarrangement, disorder, ववघ्ि,
व्यविाि
29. Term (noun) – Period, span, duration,
stint, time frame, अवधि
30. Drive up (phrasal verb) – Increase,
raise, escalate, boost, amplify बढ़ािा
31. Considering (preposition) – Taking into
account, bearing in mind, in view of,
regarding, ध्याि में रखते हुए
32. Moreover (adverb) – Furthermore,
additionally, in addition, besides, इसके
अलावा
33. Facilitate (verb) – Enable, assist, aid,
simplify, smooth the way, सग
ु म बिािा
34. Ecosystem (noun) – a group of
businesses or business activities that
affect each other and work well
together पाररस्स्थनतकी तंि
35. Sledgehammer (noun) – a forceful or
heavy-handed approach; used to
describe a way of behaving that is too
forceful सशक्त रवैया
36. Vibrant (adjective) – Lively, dynamic,
energetic, vigorous, जीवंत
37. Envision (verb) – Imagine, foresee,
predict, anticipate, कल्पिा करिा
38. Seek (verb) – Try, aim, endeavour,
attempt, effort कोशशश करिा
39. Uncalled-for (adjective) – Unnecessary,
unjustified, unwarranted, undue,
अिावश्यक
40. One-off (noun) – It means something
that happens or is made or done only
once. It is unique and not part of a
regular series or sequence. एक बारगी
41. Establishment (noun) – System,
government, regime, authority संस्थाि
42. Draw (verb) – Get, obtain, extract,
derive, gain लेिा
43. For instance (phrase) – For example, as
an example, such as, उदाहरर् के शलए
44. Impose (verb) – Enforce, apply, levy,
put into effect, थोपिा
45. Liberalised remittance scheme (noun) –
It is a scheme introduced by Reserve
Bank of India (RBI) that allows resident
individuals to remit a certain amount of
money during a financial year to
another country for investment and
expenditure.
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46. In abeyance (phrase) – Suspended, in
suspension, on hold, unresolved ठं डे
बस्ते में रखिा, आस्थधगत
47. Tend (to) (verb) – Be inclined, be likely,
have a tendency, झुकाव होिा
48. Cling (to) (verb) – Hold on tightly to,
stick to, adhere to, पर हटके रहिा
49. Playbook (noun) – It refers to a set of
plans or methods that are used in a
particular activity. नियम पस्ु स्तका
50. Tendency (noun) – Inclination,
tendency, predisposition, propensity,
प्रववृ ि
51. Threaten (verb) – Menace, intimidate,
endanger, jeopardize, imperil, खतरा में
डालिा
52. Undo (verb) – Nullify, invalidate,
counteract, reverse, retract, ववपरीत
करिा, उलट दे िा
53. Accrue (verb) – Accumulate, amass,
gather, collect, increase, उपास्जत करिा
54. Dismantling (noun) – Demolition,
destruction, disassembly, breakup,
tearing down िष्ट करिा
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Indian Express Editorial – A partial remedy (08 Aug 2023)
1. Partial (adjective) – Incomplete, part,
unfinished, half-done, fractional
आंशशक, अिरू ा
2. Remedy (noun) – Solution, cure,
antidote, panacea, corrective उपाय
3. Directive (noun) – Instruction, order,
command, mandate, guideline निदे श
4. Abide (by) (verb) – Follow, adhere to,
comply with, obey, observe पालि
करिा
5. Adverse (adjective) – Unfavorable,
detrimental, harmful, negative,
deleterious ववपरीत/ प्रनतकूल
6. Dent (verb) – Damage, harm, mar,
tarnish, impair िुकसाि पहुंचािा
7. Reliable (adjective) – Dependable,
trustworthy, consistent, reliable,
steady ववश्वसिीय
8. Inexpensive (adjective) – Cheap, low-
cost, low-priced, reasonable,
economical, सस्ता
9. Generic (noun) – A product, especially
a drug, that is no longer protected by
a patent and is therefore available for
any manufacturer to produce
10. Complication (noun) – Difficulty,
problem, obstacle, hindrance,
dilemma समस्या
11. Allegedly (adverb) – Supposedly,
reportedly, purportedly, claimed to be
कधथत रूप से
12. Blame (verb) – Accuse, hold
responsible, charge, indict, condemn
दोषी ठहरािा
13. Incriminate (verb) – Implicate,
involve, accuse, charge, indict दोषी
ठहरािा
14. Fatality (noun) – Death, casualty,
mortality, fatality, demise मत्ृ यु
15. Flag (verb) – Indicate, signal, sign,
point out, mark संकेत करिा
16. Concern (noun) – Worry, anxiety,
apprehension, unease, distress धचंता
17. Reveal (verb) – Disclose, unveil,
expose, uncover, demonstrate प्रकट
करिा
18. Shortcomings (noun) – Deficiencies,
weaknesses, failings, flaws, faults
कशमयााँ
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19. Policymaker (noun) – Decision-maker,
lawmaker, administrator, executive
िीनत निमाभता
20. Prevaricate (verb) – Evade, dodge,
sidestep, avoid, be evasive टाल-मटोल
करिा
21. Address (verb) – Tackle, handle,
confront, deal with समािाि करिा
22. Loophole (noun) – a means or
opportunity of evading a rule, law, etc.
बचाव का रास्ता
23. Resort (to) (verb) – Turn to, use,
employ, avail oneself of सहारा लेिा
24. Piecemeal (adjective) – Gradual, step-
by-step, bit by bit, incremental थोडा-
थोडा
25. Violator (noun) – Transgressor,
offender, criminal, culprit उल्लंघक
26. Complicity (noun) – Involvement,
collusion, participation, implication
सहर्ाधगता/ शमलीर्गत
27. Enforce (verb) – Implement, compel,
insist, apply, execute लागू करिा
28. Overhaul (noun) – Revamp,
refurbishment, restructure,
improvement, reform सि
ु ार
29. Outsource (verb) – Contract out,
subcontract, assign, relocate, delegate
बाहरी स्रोत से काम करवािा
30. Outfit (noun) – Organization, group,
team, unit, set-up संगठि
31. Often (adverb) – Frequently, regularly,
repeatedly, commonly, usually अक्सर
32. Compromise (verb) – weaken or harm
by accepting standards that are lower
than is desirable. समझौता करिा
33. Deal with (phrasal verb) – Handle,
manage, confront, address, tackle
सामिा करिा
34. Fly-by-night (adjective) – Unreliable,
untrustworthy, shady, doubtful, risky
गैरस्िम्मेदार
35. For instance (phrase) – For example,
as an example, to illustrate, such as
उदाहरर् के शलए
36. Monitor (verb) – Supervise, oversee,
observe, watch, track निगरािी करिा
37. Sanctioned (adjective) – Approved,
authorized, allowed, permitted,
endorsed स्वीकृत
38. Task (with) (verb) – Assign, entrust,
charge, allocate ककसी कायभ के शलए दे िा
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39. Administrative (adjective) –
Managerial, supervisory, directive,
controlling प्रशासनिक
40. Scrutiny (noun) – Examination,
inspection, review, analysis,
assessment निरीक्षर्
41. Efficacy (noun) – Effectiveness,
efficiency, potency, power
प्रर्ावशीलता
42. By all accounts (phrase) – According
to everyone, by general agreement, as
per information सर्ी के अिुसार
43. Public domain (noun) – open to the
public, freely available सावभजनिक होिा
44. In the wake of (phrase) – Following,
subsequent to, as a result of के
पररर्ामस्वरूप
45. Put one’s house in order (phrase) – to
solve your own problems अपिे मामलों
को व्यवस्स्थत करिा
46. Eliminate (verb) – Eradicate, remove,
discard, get rid of हटािा
47. Opacity (noun) – Obscurity, non-
transparency, incomprehensibility,
ambiguity अस्पष्टता
48. Robust (adjective) – Strong, resilient,
sturdy, durable मजबूत
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The Tribune Editorial – Managing floods (09 Aug 2023)
1. Reel under (phrase) – struggle or deal with
something से जूझिा
2. Unprecedented (adjective) – Never having
happened or existed in the past अर्त
ू पव
ू भ
3. Fury (noun) – fierceness, ferocity, violence,
turbulence, tempestuousness प्रकोप
4. Claim (verb) – Take lives of जाि लेिा
5. Infrastructure (noun) – facilities, structure,
framework, system संरचिा
6. Nationwide (adjective) – throughout the
nation, countrywide, all over the country
दे शव्यापी
7. Decade (noun) – a period of ten years दशक
8. Peg (verb) – an arrangement that fixes a
price, currency, etc. at a particular level:
ठहरािा
9. Death Toll (noun) – Fatality, loss of life,
mortality rate, mortality मत्ृ यु के आाँकडे
10. Destruction (noun) – demolition, ruin,
devastation, annihilation वविाश
11. Massive (adjective) – enormous, huge,
large, substantial ववशाल
12. Reflect poorly on (phrase) – to cast in a
negative light, discredit, dishonor ख़राब तरह
से दशाभिा
13. Mitigation (noun) – reduction, alleviation,
diminishment, moderation घटाव
14. Forecast (verb) – predict, anticipate,
project, estimate र्ववष्यवार्ी करिा
15. Ill-prepared (adjective) – unready,
unprepared, inadequately prepared खराब
तैयारी
16. On the ground (phrase) – in a situation or
place where things are happening really or
practically जमीिी स्तर पर
17. Rampant (adjective) – unchecked,
uncontrolled, widespread, unrestrained
अनियंत्रित/ बडे पैमािे पर
18. Violation (noun) – breach, infringement,
transgression, breaking उल्लंघि
19. Impunity (noun) – exemption, freedom,
immunity from punishment माफी, दण्ड
मस्ु क्त
20. Promulgate (verb) – declare, announce,
proclaim, publicize घोषर्ा करिा
21. Habitat (noun) – dwelling, living
environment, surroundings आवास
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22. Proliferation (noun) – rapid increase,
growth, expansion, multiplication प्रसार
23. Settlement (noun) – Community, village,
town, colony, hamlet, township बस्ती
24. Inundate (verb) – flood, swamp, deluge,
overwhelm बहा दे िा
25. Drainage system (noun) – the system of
removing excess water or liquid waste जल
निकासी की व्यवस्था
26. Buckle (verb) – collapse, give way, yield,
cave in, falter टूटिा
27. Spell (noun) – Period of heavy rain र्ारी
बाररश
28. Bank (noun) – shore, riverside, riverbank,
embankment तट
29. Encroach (verb) – trespass, infringe, invade,
violate अनतक्रमर् करिा
30. Bear the brunt of (phrase) – to face the
worst part of something unpleasant or
harmful; to suffer the main part or force of
something सबसे ज्यादा िुकसाि झेलिा
31. Ferocity (noun) – savagery, brutality,
fierceness, vehemence उग्रता
32. Haphazard (adjective) – disorganized,
unmethodical, random, unplanned
अव्यवस्स्थत
33. Concretisation (noun) – the act of making
something concrete, solid, or tangible;
making an idea or concept real ठोसीकरर्
34. Unscientific (adjective) – not based on or
reflecting the principles and methods of
science अववज्ञानिक
35. Slope (noun) – incline, gradient, slant, tilt
ढलाि
36. Flash flood (noun) – a sudden and severe
flood that occurs within a short period of
time अचािक आई बाढ़
37. Cloudburst (noun) – a sudden, very heavy
downpour of rain; intense rainfall event
बादल फटिे की घटिा
38. Large-scale (adjective) – extensive,
widespread, broad-based, comprehensive
व्यापक
39. Deforestation (noun) – the action of
clearing a wide area of trees; cutting down
of trees on a large scale विों की कटाई
40. Breach (noun) – An opening or a
breakthrough of a dam sometimes caused
by rapid erosion of a section of earth
embankment by water. बांि का टूटिा
41. Deal a blow (phrase) – cause a setback, be a
hindrance, make a situation more difficult
or less likely to succeed झटका दे िा
42. Key (noun) – Solution, कंु जी/ समािाि
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43. Recurrence (noun) – repetition, reiteration,
happening again दोहराव
44. Eventuality (noun) – a possible event or
outcome. संर्ाववत घटिा
45. Governance (noun) – the act or process of
governing; ruling, controlling, leading शासि
46. Deterring (adjective) – discouraging,
dissuading, inhibiting हतोत्साहहत
47. Flout (verb) – disregard, ignore, neglect,
violate अवहे लिा करिा
48. Ecological balance (noun) – a state of
equilibrium within a community of
organisms in a particular environment
पाररस्स्थनतक संतुलि
49. Environ (noun) – surroundings,
environment, conditions, circumstances
पररवेश
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Indian Express Editorial – Mis-management (10 Aug 2023)
1. Say (noun) – Influence, sway, authority,
weight, clout अधिकार
2. Legislation (noun) – Law, statute, act,
regulation, ordinance वविाि
3. Departure (noun) – Deviation,
divergence, shift, variation ववचलि
4. Elite (adjective) – Superior, prime,
exclusive, select ववशशष्ट
5. With a view to (phrase) – In order to, for
the purpose of, so as to उद्दे श्य से
6. Attain (verb) – Achieve, reach,
accomplish, gain प्राप्त करिा
7. Empower (verb) – Authorize, enable,
permit, license सशक्त बिािा
8. Subordinate (verb) – Make secondary,
lower in rank or position, inferiorize
अिीि करिा
9. Virtually (adverb) – Nearly, almost,
practically, essentially वास्तव में
10. Veto power (noun) – The power to reject
a decision or proposal made by a law-
making body
11. Hitherto (adverb) – Until now, so far,
previously अब तक
12. Prescribe (verb) – Order, command,
direct, dictate नििाभररत करिा
13. Suspension (noun) – Halting, stopping,
interruption, freeze निलंबि
14. Dissolution (noun) – Disintegration,
termination, ending, closure ववघटि/ र्ंग
15. At the expense of (phrase) – At the
sacrifice of, at the cost of, by losing की
कीमत पर
16. Autonomy (noun) – Independence, self-
government, self-rule स्वायिता
17. For instance (phrase) – As an example,
for example, such as उदाहरर् के शलए
18. Directive (noun) – Instruction, order,
command, guideline निदे श
19. Binding (on) (adjective) – Obligatory,
mandatory, required बाध्यकारी
20. Interfere (in) (verb) – Meddle, intervene,
intrude हस्तक्षेप करिा
21. Functioning (noun) – Operation, working,
performance कायभ
22. Persuasive (adjective) – Convincing,
effective, influential असरदार
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23. Given (preposition) – Considering, taking
into account, bearing in mind दे खते हुए
24. Uneasy (adjective) – Anxious, unsettled,
uncomfortable, edgy, apprehensive
अशांत, धचंनतत
25. Envisage (verb) – Foresee, predict,
anticipate कल्पिा करिा
26. Sweeping (adjective) – Comprehensive,
all-encompassing, broad, wide-ranging,
extensive व्यापक
27. To one's credit (phrase) – Referring to
something praiseworthy or honorable
that someone has done इसका श्रेय है
28. Overrule (verb) – Revoke, nullify,
overturn, set aside, cancel िकार दे िा
29. Norm (noun) – Standard, criterion, rule,
guideline, benchmark मािक
30. Go against (phrase) – Oppose,
contravene, violate, conflict with के
ववपरीत जािा
31. Accede (to) (verb) – Agree, consent,
accept, comply सहमत होिा
32. Doctoral (adjective) – Related to or
constituting a doctorate, typically a Ph.D.
33. Thesis (noun) – Dissertation, treatise,
research paper, study शोि प्रबंि
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The Hindu Editorial – Chasing consensus (11 Aug 2023)
1. Consensus (noun) – Agreement, accord,
harmony, compromise, consent, unanimity
सवभसम्मनत
2. Conference (noun) – Meeting, summit,
gathering, convention, assembly सम्मेलि
3. Conflict (noun) – Struggle, battle, warfare,
contention, clash लडाई
4. Talks (noun) – Discussions, negotiations,
conversations, dialogues वाताभ
5. Typical (adjective) – Normal, regular, usual,
standard सामान्य
6. Western (adjective) – Relating to U.S.A and
other European countries
7. The Global South (noun) – the poor
developing countries (of Asia, Africa, South
America, amongst others). ववकासशील दे श
8. The Global North (noun) – The Global North
includes the rich and powerful regions such
as North America, Europe, and Australia.
9. Durable (adjective) – Long-lasting, enduring,
sturdy, strong, tough हटकाऊ
10. Diplomat (noun) – Envoy, ambassador,
representative, negotiator राजदत
ू
11. Pillar (noun) – Support, mainstay,
foundation, base स्तंर्
12. Sovereignty (noun) – Supremacy, dominion,
power, authority संप्रर्ुता
13. Territorial (adjective) – Relating to territory
or land, regional, provincial प्रदे शशक
14. Integrity (noun) – Honesty, uprightness,
rectitude, virtue अखंडता
15. Precursor (noun) – Forerunner, predecessor,
harbinger, herald अग्रगामी
16. Ties (noun) – Bonds, relationships,
connections, links संबंि
17. Position paper (noun) – A detailed written
report that expresses a position or viewpoint
on an issue, generally used in a diplomatic or
political context.
18. Call for (phrasal verb) – Demand, require,
necessitate मांग करिा
19. Settlement (noun) – Resolution, setline,
solution, reconciliation समािाि
20. Uphold (verb) – Support, maintain, endorse,
sustain समथभि करिा
21. Back (verb) – Support, endorse, advocate,
champion समथभि करिा
22. Slam (verb) – Criticize, condemn, attack,
castigate आलोचिा करिा
23. Neutral (adjective) – Unbiased,
unprejudiced, impartial, non-partisan तटस्थ
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24. Backer (noun) – Supporter, sponsor, 36. Counteroffensive (adjective) – A

promoter, benefactor समथभक
25. Concerned (adjective) – Involved, interested,
affected संबंधित
26. Pragmatic (adjective) – Practical, logical,
sensible, realistic, down-to-earth व्यावहाररक
27. Play a role in (phrase) – To contribute,
participate, have a part in, be instrumental in
र्ूशमका निर्ािा
28. Constructive (adjective) – Positive, helpful,
encouraging, beneficial, productive
रचिात्मक
counterattack, reprisal, retaliation जवाबी
कारभ वाई
37. Advanced (adjective) – Cutting-edge,
unconventional, forward-thinking, उन्ित
38. Breakthrough (noun) – an instance of
achieving success in a particular sphere or
activity सफलता
39. Strike (verb) – Hit, attack, assault, batter
प्रहार करिा
40. Bomb (verb) – Blast, explode, detonate,
blow up बम ववस्फोट करिा

29. Evident (adjective) – Obvious, clear,

41. Stalemate (noun) – Standstill, deadlock,
apparent, manifest, noticeable स्पष्ट
impasse, stand-off गनतरोि

30. Advance (noun) – Progress, development,

42. Withdraw (verb) – Leave, abandon, depart,
improvement, growth प्रगनत
vacate, abandon, retreat पीछे लौटिा

31. Humiliating (adjective) – Degrading,

43. Occupied (adjective) – Conquered,
demeaning, embarrassing, shaming
subjugated, dominated, ruled, captured,
अपमािजिक
seized, अधिकृत

32. Retreat (noun) – Withdrawal, fallback,

pullback, disengagement पीछे हटिा
33. Meet (verb) – Fulfill, satisfy, match, comply
with, achieve परू ा करिा
34. Cope with (phrasal verb) – Manage, handle,
deal with, confront सामिा करिा
35. Stability (noun) – Steadiness, balance,
firmness, solidity स्स्थरता
44. Recognition (noun) – Acknowledgment,
acceptance, realization, identification
स्वीकृनत/ मान्यता
45. Annexed (adjective) – Seized, appropriated,
taken over, acquired कब्जा कर शलया हुआ
46. Maximalist (adjective) – of or denoting an
extreme opinion अधिकतमवादी

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47. Hardly (adverb) – Scarcely, barely, only just,
almost not मस्ु श्कल से
48. Room (noun) – Space, area, capacity, scope
गुंिाइश
49. Make a difference (phrase) – Have a
significant effect or influence; bring about a
change अंतर ला सकिा
50. Agenda (noun) – Program, schedule, plan,
itinerary कायभसूची

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The Hindu Editorial – Necessary intervention (12 Aug 2023)
1. Intervention (noun) – Interference,
involvement, intrusion, intercession,
interposition हस्तक्षेप
2. Ethos (noun) – Character, spirit,
beliefs, values, principles प्रकृनत,
स्वर्ाव
3. H00abitat (noun) – Environment,
dwelling, home, territory वासस्थल
4. Sustain (verb) – Maintain, support,
uphold, preserve, continue बिाए
रखिा
5. Key (adjective) – Crucial, vital,
essential, important, significant
महत्वपूर्भ
6. Quadrennial (adjective) – Occurring
every four years चार साल में एक बार
होिेवाला
7. Estimate (noun) – Approximation,
guess, calculation, assessment अिुमाि
8. Count (noun) – Number, total, tally,
calculation धगिती
9. Better (verb) – Improve, enhance,
upgrade, boost, surpass बेहतर बिािा
10. Dynamics (noun) – the forces or
properties which stimulate growth,
development, or change within a
system or process गनत
11. Perfect (verb) – Refine, improve,
hone, polish, optimize संपन्ि करिा/
िहु टरहहत बिािा
12. Prey (noun) – Victim, quarry, target
शशकार
13. Predator (noun) – Hunter, carnivore,
killer शशकारी
14. Decade (noun) – Period of ten years
दशक
15. Reintroduce (verb) – Bring back,
restore, reinstate, re-establish, bring
into effect पि
ु स्थाभवपत करिा
16. Supplement (verb) – Add to, augment,
enhance, boost जोडिा
17. Translocation (noun) – The process of
moving something from one location
to another स्थािांतरर्
18. Often (adverb) – Frequently, regularly,
repeatedly अक्सर
19. Dart (verb) – shoot (an animal) with a
dart, typically in order to administer a
drug.
20. Enclosure (noun) – Pen, cage, corral,
compound घेरा
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21. Ecology (noun) – Environmental
science, study of ecosystems पयाभवरर्-
ववज्ञाि
22. Insist (verb) – Demand, assert,
declare, maintain दृढता से कहिा
23. Relocation (noun) – Resettlement,
moving, transfer, shift स्थािांतररत
करिा
24. Landscape (noun) – Scenery, terrain,
topography, land, geography र्ू-दृश्य
25. Alien (to) (verb) – Unfamiliar, strange,
foreign, unknown अपररधचत, पराया
26. Lest (conjunction) – In case, for fear
that, so that not, to prevent ऐसा ि हो
कक
27. Counterproductive (adjective) –
Harmful, detrimental, obstructive,
hindering, impeding उल्टा, हानिकारक
28. Amendment (noun) – Alteration,
revision, change, modification,
improvement संशोिि
29. Leeway (noun) – Freedom, flexibility,
latitude, slack, wiggle room स्वतंिता
30. Parcel (noun) – a piece of land,
especially one considered as part of an
estate जमीि का टुकडा
31. Fragmentation (noun) – the breaking
of large, contiguous, forested areas
into smaller pieces of forest ववखंडि
32. Carnivore (noun) – A type of animal
that feeds on flesh. (Definition as the
word pertains to a class of animals)
मांसाहारी प्रार्ी
33. Pose (verb) – Present, create, cause,
produce, provoke खडा करिा
34. Conundrum (noun) – Puzzle, riddle,
enigma, mystery, problem पहे ली
35. Fenced (adjective) – Enclosed,
barricaded, surrounded, protected,
secured बाड लगाया हुआ
36. Segregated (adjective) – Separated,
isolated, partitioned, divided अलग
37. Confine (verb) – Restrict, limit,
restrain, imprison, trap सीशमत करिा
38. Admittedly (adverb) – Confessedly,
openly, unquestionably, undoubtedly
निस्संदेह/ बेशक
39. Bounded (adjective) – Confined,
limited, restricted, constrained नघरा
हुआ
40. Tract (noun) – Area, region, stretch,
expanse, plot क्षेि
41. Conception (noun) – Understanding,
notion, perception, idea, belief िारर्ा
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42. Beast (noun) – Animal, creature,
brute, being जािवर
43. Co-exist (verb) – Exist together, live
together, cohabit साथ होिा
44. Fantasy (noun) – Imagination, dream,
illusion, vision कल्पिा
45. Draw on (phrasal verb) – Utilize, use,
employ, rely on, tap into उपयोग करिा
46. Vicinity (noun) – Neighbourhood,
locality, district, area, locale,
surrounding area इलाका
47. Prompt (verb) – Encourage, urge,
inspire, stimulate, provoke प्रेररत करिा
48. Evaluate (verb) – Assess, judge,
appraise, rate, measure मल्
ू यांकि
करिा
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