Don Honorio Ventura State University

SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY
AND SOCIETY

MANALO, Kevin Clarence E.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering
BSME – 1C

Instructor: Engr. Randle Lloyd Lagman

CHAPTER 1: General and formal learning, is often
Concepts and Historical Events referred to as "school science."
in Science, Technology, and 4. Science as a personal and
Society
social activity, combines
LESSON 1: INTELLECTUAL
knowledge and human efforts
REVOLUTIONS THAT DEFINED
SOCIETY to understand the world,

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION enhancing life and survival,

tightly integrated into our daily
Science is inseparable from human
lives.
history, with no clear beginning or
location of origin. Defining science
Throughout history, humans have
remains a challenge due to its
used science, alongside philosophy and
longstanding presence in society. So,
religion, to understand the world. The
how can we define it?
scientific revolution from the 16th to
1. Science as an idea, It
18th centuries in Europe, driven by
comprises ideas, theories, and
factors like the printing press and
systematic explanations along
increased intellectual activity, reshaped
with observations about the
perceptions of the natural world,
natural and physical world.
marking the birth of modern science.
2. Science as intellectual
This era saw significant breakthroughs
activity, It involves the
in math, physics, astronomy, biology,
systematic and practical
and chemistry, prompting reflection
examination of the natural and
and a shift in scientific approaches.
physical world, employing
Despite challenges and opposition from
methods such as systematic
religious institutions, scientists
observation and
remained committed to exploring the
experimentation.
natural world, fueled by curiosity.
3. Science as a body language, is
a subject or discipline focused
on understanding the natural
and physical world. This aspect
of science, related to education

The scientific revolution holds
immense significance in human
development, societal transformation,
and the evolution of scientific thought.
It enhanced the methods of scientific
inquiry, experiments, and observations.
It gave rise to new scientific fields and
laid a robust foundation for modern
science. In many ways, it transformed
both the natural world and the realm of
ideas.
SOME INTELLECTUALS AND
THEIR REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
To gain a deeper insight into the
scientific revolution, it's crucial to
study the individuals who challenged
prevailing theories and beliefs of their
era. Scientists, across all periods, are
motivated by curiosity, critical
thinking, and creativity to explore the
natural world. Their passion for science
stems from a profound desire to
uncover and understand.
Indeed, scientists are often
motivated by a quest for knowledge
rather than seeking fame or
recognition. Many dedicated scientists
faced hardships, including lack of
appreciation, persecution, and
condemnation by authorities or the
Church. Despite these challenges, they
persevered in their pursuit of
experimentation, theorizing, and
discovery, contributing to the
advancement of human knowledge and
ideas.
Certainly, while there were
numerous scientists before and after
them, these three individuals, through
their groundbreaking ideas and
contributions, left an indelible mark on
the world of science and human
understanding.
NICHOLAS COPERNICUS
Nicolaus Copernicus, a
Renaissance scientist, challenged
centuries of stagnant knowledge about
the universe. While serving as a canon
in Poland, he continued his interest in
astronomy, influenced by Johannes
Müeller's work (Epitome). Copernicus
formulated his heliocentric model by
1510 but hesitated to publish for fear of
Church persecution. In 1543, he
released "De revolutionibus orbium
coelestium,"(On the Revolutions of the
Celestial Spheres) marking the
scientific revolution's start. His model
centered on the Sun, with Earth and
planets orbiting annually. The Moon
circled Earth. This grouped planets into
two: Venus and Mercury inside Earth's
orbit, and Mars, Jupiter, Saturn outside.
He calculated their orbital times,
reflecting their distance from the sun,
despite the Copernican model's
heretical label, it eventually reshaped
our understanding of the cosmos,
though not without initial opposition
and a Church ban.
CHARLES DARWIN
Born in 1809, He is a genius
from a wealthy family, who developed
an interest in natural history while
studying at Shrewsbury School. He
joined the HMS Beagle on the Islands
of Galapagos, where he published his
book The Origin of Species in 1589.
Darwin's observational skills expanded
beyond plants and animals to humans,
and his controversial book The Descent
of Man challenged the dominant views
of religious or biblical design. His
contributions to evolutionary biology
and philosophy of science were
diverse, but his courage to challenge
religious and unscientific ideas gave
more value to evidence-based science.
Darwin's unorthodox approach to
science, marked by observation and
experimentation, revolutionized the
understanding of the world's creation
and evolution.
SIGMUND FREUD
Sigmund Freud is an Austrian
psychologist and communicator Born
in 1856, who made significant
contributions to the scientific world
through the development of the method
of psychoanalysis. His scientific
hypothesis shaped the fundamental
version of this method, which focused
on human psychology and neurotic
illness. Despite academic controversy,
Freud's method had a significant
impact on understanding human nature.
His unorthodox approach, focusing on
human sexuality and the evil nature of
man, posed challenges to scholars and
ordinary citizens. Despite being born
later in the scientific revolution,
Freud's ideas continue to inspire
scientific examination of human mind
and behavior.
Cradles of Early Science
Development of Science in
Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica, includes the
entire Central America from Southern
Mexico to South America, it is a region
rich in culture and knowledge. The
Maya civilization, lasting
approximately 2,000 years, is known
for its advanced astronomy,
astrological knowledge, and calendar
systems. They incorporated their
understanding of celestial bodies into
their temples and religious strictures,
allowing them to use their temples for
astronomical observation. The Mayans
also developed technology for growing
crops and building elaborate cities
using ordinary tools and machines.
They built hydraulic systems with
sophisticated waterways to supply
water to different communities. They
also innovated in arts, creating looms
for weaving cloth and developing
glittery paints from mica. They are
considered one of the most
scientifically advanced societies in
Mesoamerica, using Mayan
hieroglyphics as their writing system.
They also developed a number system
based on the numeral 20 and
independently developed the concept
of zero and positional value. The Inca
civilization, also known in
Mesoamerica, developed advanced
scientific ideas and tools to help them
in everyday life.
Maya Civilization
- Advanced in astronomy, astrology,
and calendar systems.
- Used celestial knowledge in temple
construction.
- Innovated in agriculture, hydraulic
systems, arts, and writing.
- Developed a base-20 numeral
system with zero and positional value.
Inca Civilization
- Paved stone roads and earthquake-
resistant buildings.
- Advanced irrigation and water
storage techniques.
- Developed a 12-month calendar and
suspension bridges.
- Used quipu for record-keeping and
excelled in textiles.
Aztec Contributions
- Mandated education regardless of
social class or gender.
- Introduced chocolate as currency.
- Utilized antispasmodic medication
for surgery.
- Innovated chinampas for agriculture
and created an Aztec calendar.
- Invented canoes for water travel..
Development of Science in Asia
Asia, the world's largest
continent, has a rich history of ancient
civilizations, including India, China,
and the Middle East, renowned for
their significant contributions to
knowledge development.
India, a vast peninsula
surrounded by water and mountains, is
renowned for its rich history and
creative achievements. Indians have a
long-standing reputation for their
contributions to various fields.
They also developed theories
on the universe, the spherical self-
supporting Earth, and the year of 360
days.
Accomplishments :
- Iron Production
- Metallurgy
- Ancient Medical Practices
The Indus Valley Civilization
marked the beginning of mathematical
knowledge in the Indian subcontinent.
Notable mathematicians:
- Aryabhatta - Aryabhatiya Book
- Brahmagupta
- Madhava of Sangamagrama
China
China, an ancient civilization,
has made substantial contributions
across multiple domains, including
medicine, astronomy, science,
mathematics, arts, philosophy, and
music.
 China influenced countries like fueled intellectual development.
Korea, Japan, the Philippines, Muslim scholars emphasized
Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, empirical science experiments,
Myanmar, and others along the Silk contributing to the development of the
Road. scientific method.
In the realm of medicine, the Ibn al-Haytham - medieval
Chinese have developed traditional mathematician, astronomer, and
healing practices rooted in centuries of physicist of the Islamic Golden Age
experience and discovery. from present-day Iraq and also
regarded as the “Father of Optics.”
Technologically, the Chinese
have been responsible for significant
innovations.
Muhammad al-Khwarizmi
In the field of astronomy, the introduced algorithms, and the term
Chinese meticulously recorded and "algebra" is derived from “al-jabr”
preserved data on supernovas, lunar
and solar eclipses, and comets.
While the Arabic numeral system
Despite their remarkable
originated in India, Muslim
contributions, China's progress in
mathematicians refined it, introducing
various fields was hindered by cultural
decimal notation.
factors.
In summary, China's ancient
civilization has left an indelible mark Jabir ibn Hayyan - "Father of
on human history through its wide- Chemistry."
ranging contributions to medicine,
technology, astronomy, and other
fields. In the field of medicine, Ibn Sina
pioneered the science of experimental
These achievements have not
medicine and was the first physician to
only benefited China but have also had
conduct clinical trials.
a lasting impact on neighboring nations
and beyond, although certain cultural
factors may have limited their
evolution into modern science. Notable Works:
- The Book of Healing

Middle East Countries - The Canon of Medicine

The Middle East has a

predominant Muslim population and The decline of this golden age
witnessed a Golden Age of Islam from of Islam started in the 11th to the 13th
the 7th to the 13th centuries. Arabic century due to the conquest of the
as the common language, access to Mongols whereby libraries,
Greek texts, and proximity to India
observatories, and other learning
institutions were destroyed.
Development of Science in Africa
Africa is blessed with natural
and mineral resources.
The history of science and
mathematics show that similar to other
ancient civilizations, the early
civilizations in Africa are knowledge
producers, too.
The ancient Egyptian
civilization has contributed immensely
and made significant advances in the
fields of astronomy, mathematics, and
medicine.
The rules of geometry were
developed and used to build rectilinear
structures, the post of lintel
architecture of Egypt. These early
science activities in Egypt were
developed to improve the quality of life
of the Egyptians especially in building
their early homes and cities.
Egypt was known to be a center
of alchemy, which is known as the
medieval forerunner of
chemistry.These components displayed
strong parallels to the basic empirical
method of studying science.
Astronomy was also famous in
the African region.
Metallurgy was also known in
the African regions during the ancient
times. North Africa and the Nile Valley
imported iron technology from the
Near East region that enabled them to
benefit from the developments during
the Bronze Age until the Iron Age.
Mathematics was also known
to be prominent in the life of early
people in the African continent.
Ancient Egyptians are good in
the four fundamental mathematical
operations and other mathematical
skills.
Ex:
The Lebombo Bone from the
mountains between Swaziland and
South Africa.
SUMMARY
The Scientific Revolution was a
golden age in the history of science,
marking the birth of the discipline and
the development of the scientific
method. It inspired human creativity
and critical thinking, moving away
from thought experiments to data-
driven ideas. Key intellectuals included
Nicolaus Copernicus, Charles Darwin,
and Sigmund Freud, who contributed
to the development of the scientific
method, the universe, evolutionary
biology, and psychoanalysis. Science
also developed in Asia, Europe,
Mesoamerica, and Africa, enabling
ancient civilizations to survive and
understand the natural world, as well as
develop various technologies.
LESSON 2: SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY, AND NATION-
BUILDING
LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, the students
should be able to:
• Discuss the role of science and making these ancient practices now
technology in Philippine nation- known as indigenous science or folk
building: science.
• revaluate government policies
pertaining to science and technology in
terms of their contributions to nation-
building; and BRIEF HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
• identify actual science and
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE
technology policies of the Government
PHILIPPINES
and appraise their impact on the
development Of the Filipino nation. The history of science and
technology in the Philippines dates
back to pre-Spanish times, with early
INTRODUCTION inhabitants having their own culture,
traditions, and indigenous knowledge
This lesson will discuss the
system. Science was embedded in their
influence of science and technology in
way of life, including crop planting,
the development of the Philippine
animal care, and predicting seasons.
society. It identifies government
Technology was used in building
programs, projects, and policies geared
houses, irrigation, and developing
toward boasting the science and
everyday tools for farming, hunting,
technological capacity of the country.
cooking, fishing, and transportation.
This lesson will also include
Archeological artifacts from the Metal
discussions on Philippine indigenous
Age also influenced early Filipinos,
science and technology.
with sophisticated designs of gold and
The history of science and silver jewelry, ceramics, and metal
technology in the Philippines dates tools. Trading with neighboring
back to pre-Spanish times, with early countries provided opportunities for
inhabitants having their own culture, cultural and technological exchange,
traditions, and indigenous knowledge making these ancient practices now
system. Science was embedded in their known as indigenous science or folk
way of life, including crop planting, science.
animal care, and predicting seasons.
Science education in schools
Technology was used in building
focuses on understanding human body,
houses, irrigation, and developing
plants, animals, and heavenly bodies.
everyday tools for farming, hunting,
Technology involves developing
cooking, fishing, and transportation.
everyday tools. During the Spanish era,
Archeological artifacts from the Metal
life in the Philippines evolved, with
Age also influenced early Filipinos,
Filipinos replicating Western
with sophisticated designs of gold and
technology using indigenous materials.
silver jewelry, ceramics, and metal
The galleon trade brought new ideas,
tools. Trading with neighboring
crops, tools, and cultural practices to
countries provided opportunities for
the country. Some European students
cultural and technological exchange,
contributed to advancements in The quality of science education In the
medicine, engineering, arts, music, and Philippines is a significant challenge,
literature. Despite being a developed with slow progress from basic to
place, superstitious beliefs and graduate levels and limited enrollment
Catholic doctrines hindered science in science and technology courses.
growth. The Americans had more
influence, establishing public
education, improving health THINK ABOUT THESE-
conditions, and exploiting mineral QUESTIONS
resources.
1. What are the significant
The Americans reorganized the contributions of the Spaniards and
Philippines' science education, Americans to the development of
focusing on nature studies, sanitation, science and technology in the
and modernization. They also Philippines?
conducted research to control diseases
like malaria, cholera, and tuberculosis. 2. What can you say about the state of
American scholars introduced new science and technology during the
knowledge and technology to the Spanish and American period?
country, while Protestant church 3. How does school science shape
missions brought hospitals and schools science and technology in the country?
to remote areas. Despite World War II’s
destabilization, reparation funds Government Policies on Science and
focused on building institutions and Technology
transportation systems. Since the The Philippine government has
establishment of the new republic, the implemented various programs and
Philippines has focused on improving policies to enhance science and
its science and technological capability, technology, aiming to prepare the
using Overseas Development nation for a technologically driven
Allocations (ODA) to improve world.
scientific productivity and
technological capability. The The Department of Science and
development of science and technology Technology (DOST) in 2015 consulted
in the Philippines is influenced by the National Research Council of the
human and social activities, both Philippines (NCRP) to study how the
internal and external. Philippines can meet ASEAN 2015
Goals, with the NCRP expected to
recommend policies and programs.
The NCRP clustered the four
policies, namely:
1. Social Sciences, Humanities,
Education, International Policies, and
Governance
2. Physics, Engineering and Industrial
Research, Earth and Space Sciences,
and Mathematics
3. Medical, Chemical, and
Pharmaceutical Sciences
4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture,
and Forestry
Other existing Programs of DOST
supported by the Philippine
Government. Some of the project are
the ff:
• Providing funds for basic research
and patents related to science and
technology.
• Providing scholarships for
undergraduate and graduate studies of
students in the field of science and
technology
• Establishing more branches of the
Philippine Science High School
System for training young Filipinos in
the field of science and technology.
• Creating science and technology
parks.
• Balik Scientist Program
• Developing science and technology
parks in academic campuses.
• The establishment of the National
Science Complex and National
Engineering Complex within the
University of the Philippines in
Diliman.
Here are the several identified
capacity-building programs by the
Philippine-American Academy of
Science and Engineering (PAASF,
2008)
• Establishment of national centers of
excellence.
• Manpower and institutional
development programs.
• Establishment of regional centers to
support specific industries.
• Establishment of science and
technology business centers.
• Strengthen science education at an
early age through the Philippine
Science High School System.
Education programs and
projects aim to enhance scientific
literacy, organize special science
classes and elementary schools, and
continuously improve science and
mathematics in basic education. The K
to 12 education program incorporates
STEM as a major track in senior high
school to encourage more students to
pursue science-related college courses.
The Philippine-California Advanced
Research Institutes (PICARI) Project
aims to enhance STEM
competitiveness in the Philippines by
allowing collaboration between
Philippine institutions and US-based
research institutes.
Here are the other areas and
fields that the country is looking
forward to embark various research
and projects:
1. Use of alternative and safe energy
2. Harnessing mineral sources
3. Finding cure for various disease and
illness
4. Climate change and global warming
5. Increasing food production
6. Preservation of natural sources
7. Coping with natural disasters and
calamities
8. Infrastructure development
The Philippine Congress has
established laws governing science and
technology, covering themes like
conservation, health, technology
development, and supporting basic
research.
Famous Filipinos in the Field of
Science
In 2000, Lee-Chua identified 10
outstanding Filipino scientists who
have made significant contributions in
Philippine science. These scientists are
also famous abroad especially in
different science disciplines:
agriculture, mathematics, physics,
medicine, marine science, chemistry,
engineering, and biology.
Filipino Scientists:
1. Ramon Cabanos Barba - for his
outstanding research on tissue
culture in Philippine mangoes.
2. Josefino Cacas Comiso - for his
works on observing the
characteristics of Antarctica by
using satellite images.
3. Jose Behar Cruz Jr.- known
internationally in the field of
electrical engineering; was
elected as officer of the famous
Institute of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering.
4. Lourdes Jansuy Cruz - notable
for her research on sea snail
venom.
5. Fabian Millar Dayrit - for his
research on herbal medicine.
6. Rafael Dinenos Guerrero III -
for his research on tilapia
culture.
7. Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr.- for
inventing the meconium drugs
testing.
8. Lilian Formalejo Patena - for
doing research on plant
biotechnology.
9. Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz - for
being an outstanding educator
and graph theorist.
10. Gregory Ligot Tangonan - for
his research in the field of
communication technology.
Other Outstanding Filipino scientists
who are recognized here and abroad:
 Caesar A. Aloma - an
internationally renowned
physicist.
 Edgardo Gomez - famous
scientiost is marine science
 William Padolina - chemistry
and president of National
Academy of Science and
Technology (NAST)-
Philippines.
 Angel Alcala - marine science
University of the Philippines -
Los Banos- a science paradise for
agriculture, forestry, plant and animal
science, and veterinary science. It has
produced numerous scientists and
various research in the fields
mentioned.
University of the Philippines -
Visayas- a national center for marine
science, fisheries, and othe relate considered indigenous science, which
science.
is one of the foundations of modern
University of the Philippines - science. Spain and the United States,
Manila- a center of excellence and has
produced many researchers, doctors, being the former colonial masters of
health professionals, and scientists in the country, played an important role in
the area of medical and public health.
building the foundation pf science in
University of the Philippines - the Philippines, the government
Diliman- established a national science
and engineering complex to develop establishes various science programs,
more research and produce more policies, and projects.
scientists and engineers in the country.
Through the years, many
Many of these Filipino scientists
Filipinos were able to establish
are product of good school science. It
means they were taught and inspired by themselves as scientists and science
great teachers. Their interests in educators in various areas and fields.
science started to manifest during their
childhood years. Their natural Invention and innovations were done
environment ignited their curiosity to by these Filipino scientists. Finally, the
learn more about natural and physical
environment demands of globalization, especially
the ASEAN economic agenda,
prompted the Philippines to invest in
science and technology programs and
projects.

These Filipino scientists

continue to bring honor to the country.
They make ordinary things in an
extraordinary way. They invented tools
and built structures, studied the
medicinal uses of plants, observed
heavenly bodies to predict seasons and
weather, and used indigenous science
of the in agriculture. These are
SCIENCE EDUCATION IN
THE PHILIPPINES
INTRODUCTION
Philippines is trying its best to improve
the state of science education in the
country. One of the strategies is to
establish science schools that will
encourage students to pursue their
career in science and technology and to
nurture their gifted potentials in
science
THE CONCEPT OF SCIENCE
EDUCATION
Science education focuses on
teaching, learning, and understanding
science. Teaching science involves
developing ways on how to effectively
teach science. This means exploring
pedagogical theories and models in
helping teachers teach scientific
concepts and processes effectively.
Learning science includes both
pedagogy and the most interesting
aspect, which is helping students
understand and love science.
Understanding science implies
developing and applying
scienceprocess skills and using science
literacy in understanding the natural
world and activities in everyday life
SCIENCE EDUCATION IN
BASIC AND TERTIARY
In accordance with the studies
of (Carale&Campo 2003, Meador,
2005 and Worth&Grollman, 2003), In
Basic education, Science education is
the "foundation" where it helps
students in learning basic skills that is
related to life. Which are, Process
Skills, Critical Thinking Skills, and
Life Skills (Chaille&Britain, 2002).
Due to this, it will help those who
wants to pursue science related careers
to have a strong foundation for the
future (Lind, 1997).In accordance with
the studies of (Carale&Campo 2003,
Meador, 2005 and Worth&Grollman,
2003), In Basic education, Science
education is the "foundation" where it
helps students in learning basic skills
that is related to life. Which are,
Process Skills, Critical Thinking Skills,
and Life Skills (Chaille&Britain,
2002). Due to this, it will help those
who wants to pursue science related
careers to have a strong foundation for
the future (Lind, 1997).
In tertiary education, it deals
with further developing the
understanding, appreciation for
science, and scientific works of the
students. This is done through
implementing basic science courses in
General Curriculum and scholarships
that encourages more students to
pursue science courses.
SCIENCE SCHOOL IN THE
PHILIPPINES
One of the programs that is
supported by the government is the
establishment of science schools. There
are also other government programs
that were implemented by Department
of Education and few private schools
for science education.
PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH
SCHOOL SYSTEM
The Philippine Science High
School System is a specialized public
high school system in the Philippines
that operates as an attached agency of
the Philippine Department of Science
and Technology.
The PSHS System offers
scholarships to Filipino students who
are exceptionally gifted in the sciences
and mathematics.
History
The Philippine Science High
School was officially established by
Republic Act 3661, signed into law in
1963 by President Diosdado
Macapagal. This charter mandates the
PSHS “to offer on a free scholarship
basis a secondary course with emphasis
on subjects pertaining to service with
the end in view of preparing its
students for a science career
 The school started operations in
1964.
 Dr. Gregorio Velasquez
 It was in 1970 that PSHS
started building on a 75,000
square-meter lot along Agham
Road in Diliman, Quezon City
PHILIPPINES SCIENCE
HIGHSCHOOL SYSTEM
The first regional campuses
were built, starting with the Mindanao
Campus (now Southern Mindanao
Campus), located in Davao City in
1988.
 The school holds the highest
percentage of entrance test
passers in premiere colleges in
the Philippines. The PSHS
System Law (R.A. 8496) was
signed by President Fidel V.
Ramos in 1997.
PSHS Has TWO PUBLICATIONS:
1. The Science Scholar
2. Lagablab also known as Pisay
PISAY was made into a film
and released in honor of Philippine
science. The PSHSS aims to
develop Filipino science scholars
with scientific minds and a passion
for excellence. When the students
graduate from school, they are
expected to pursue degrees in
science and technology at various
colleges and universities locally or
abroad
SPECIAL SCIENCE
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
(SSES)PROJECT
Special Science Elementary Schools
(SSES) Project
 Project is in pursuance to
DepEd Order No. 73 s. 2008
and DepEd No.51 s. 2010.
 Started in June 2007 with 57
identified elementary schools
that participated or were
identified as science elementary
schools in the country
The SSES Project aims to develop
Filipino children equipped with
scientific and technological
knowledge, skills, and Values.
Mission:
 Provide a learning
environment to science-
inclined children through a
special curriculum that
recognizes the multiple
intelligences of the learners;
 Promote the development of
lifelong learning skills and
 Foster the holistic
development of the learners
 The subject Science and Health which includes sections on science,
is taught in Grade 1 with a longer time math, problem-solving, and English
compared to other subjects:70 minutes proficiency. The school is proud of its
for Grade 1 to 3 and 80 minutes for outstanding alumni and its success in
grade IV TO VI. The curriculum also national competitions.
utilizes different instructional
approaches that address that the CENTRAL VISAYAS
learning styles and needs of learners INSTITUTE FOUNDATION
like the use of investigatory projects
 Pioneered the school-based
QUEZON CITY REGIONAL innovation called DLP or
SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL Dynamic Learning Program
 DLP is a synthesis of classical
Quezon City Regional Science and modern pedagogical
High School, established in Sept 17, theories.
1967 as Quezon City Science High  Takes pride in it’s Research
School, became a regional science high Center for Theoretical Physics.
school for the National Capital Region Summary:
in 1999. It was created to provide a  Promoting science education
specialized education for talented helps in developing science
students in science and mathematics, literacy in the country.
with a curriculum focused on science  Focused on the introducing
and technology, while still covering science education from basic to
standard secondary education subjects. tertiary education.
The school aims to nurture inquiry and  Led to establish science school
creativity in science-gifted students and to develop the gifted students in
receives support from the local science and mathematics.
government and the Parents and
 Science programs where
Teachers Association (PTA). It operates
organized and developed to
under the Department of Education.
encourage students to take a
MANILA SCIENCE HIGH career in science and
technology.
SCHOOL
Manila Science High School LESSON 4: INDIGENOUS
(MSHS) was established on October 1, SCIENCE AND
1963, as the first science high school in TECHNOLOGY IN THE
the Philippines. It focuses heavily on PHILIPPINES
science and math but also includes
humanities and electives in its INTRODUCTION
curriculum. MSHS aims to nurture The lesson focuses on
well-rounded scientists, encouraging indigenous science and technology in
students to participate in the Philippines. Filipinos, especially
extracurricular activities. To enroll, during the early times, tried to invent
students must pass the Manila Science tools that will help them in everyday
High School Admission Test (MSAT), life. They also developed alternative
ideas in explaining various phenomena
and in explaining the world around
them. This system of knowledge is
called indigenous knowledge, which is
the foundation of indigenous science.
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
SYSTEM
(It refers to understandings,
skills, and philosophies developed by
local communities with long histories
and experiences of interaction with
their natural surroundings)
Indigenous knowledge is
embedded in the daily life experiences
of young children as they grow up.
They grow up in a society where the
members of the community
prominently practice indigenous
knowledge. Their parents and other
older folks served as their first teachers
and their methods of teaching are
effective in transmitting cultural
knowledge in their minds.
These lessons comprised of
good values According to Cajete
(2004), indigenous science includes
everything. from metaphysics to
philosophy and various practical
technologies practiced by indigenous
peoples both past and present.
Indigenous beliefs also develop
desirable values that are relevant or
consistent to scientific attitudes as
identified by Johnston (2000), namely:
1. motivating attitudes;
2. cooperating attitudes;
3. practical attitudes; and
4. reflective attitudes. These
cultural beliefs are a good
foundation for developing
positive values towards
learning.
P0awilen (2005) explained that
indigenous science is knowledge that
has developed diverse structures and
contents through the interplay between
the society and the environment.
Sibisi (2004) also pointed out that
indigenous science provides the basics
of astronomy, pharmacology, food
technology, or metallurgy, which were
derived from traditional knowledge and
practices.
Here some examples of indigenous
knowledge that are taught and
practiced by the indigenous people.
predicting weather conditions and
seasons using knowledge in observing
animals' behavior and celestial bodies;
using herbal medicine; preserving
foods, classifying plants and animals
into families and groups based on
cultural properties; preserving and
selecting good seeds for planting: using
indigenous technology in daily lives;
building local irrigation systems:
classifying different types of soil for
planting based on cultural properties;
producing wines and juices from
tropical fruits; and keeping the custom
of growing plants and vegetables in the
yard.
INDIGENOUS SCIENCE
Indigenous science is part of
the indigenous knowledge system
practiced by different groups of people
and early civilizations (Gribbin, 2001;
Mkapa, 2004; Sibisi, 2004). It includes
knowledge, expertise, practices, and
representations that guide human
societies in their enumerable
interactions with the natural milieu:
agriculture, medicine, naming and
explaining natural phenomena, and
strategies for coping with changing
environments (Pawilen, 2005). Pawilen and folk astronomy. The
(2006) developed a simple framework advancement of science and
for understanding indigenous science. technology in the Philippines
of body text depends on indigenous science.
Indigenous science lead to the
development of science and
technology as a field and as a
subject, much like the ancient
civilizations. The UNESCO
(United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural
INDIGENOUS SCIENCE Organization) Declaration on
Science and the Use of
1. Indigenous science uses science
Scientific Knowledge (1999)
process skills such as
organized indigenous science as
observing. Community Culture
a historical and significant
and Values Traditional,
contribution to science and
Knowledge comparing,
technology.
classifying, measuring, problem
solving, communicating, and
predicting.
2. Indigenous science is guided by
culture and community values
such as the following:
 The land is a source of life. It
is a precious gift from the
creator.
 The Earth is revered as
"Mother Earth." It is the origin
of their identity as people.
 All living and nonliving things
are interconnected and
interdependent with each other.
 Human beings are stewards or
trustee of the land and other
natural resources. They have a
responsibility to preserve it.
 Nature is a friend to human
beings it needs respect and
proper care.
3. Indigenous science is composed
of traditional knowledge
practiced and valued by people
and communities such as ethno-
biology, ethno-medicine,
indigenous farming methods,
GROUP 1
1. What is Charles Darwin best
known for?
a) Inventing the lightbulb
b) Discovering the theory of relativity
c) Proposing The Theory Of
Evolution By Natural Selection
d) Inventing the telephone
2. What famous ship did Charles
Darwin travel on during his voyage
that greatly influenced his
scientific ideas?
a) The HMS Bounty
b) The HMS Endeavour
c) The HMS Challenger
d) The HMS Beagle
3. Among the following theories,
which one is not associated with
Charles Darwin?
a) Theory of Natural Selection
b) Theory of Relativity
c) Theory o fEvolution
d) Theory of Common Descent
4. Who invented the method known as
Psychoanalysis?
a) Albert Einstein
b) Sigmund Freud
c) Isaac Newton
d) Victor Magtanggol
5. What is Sigmund Freud known as in
the field of psychology?
a) The Father of Psychoanalysis
b) The Father of Behaviorism
c) The Father of Humanism
d) The Father of Modern Physics
6. Which country was Sigmund Freud
born in?
a) America
b) Austria
c) Philippines
d) Germany
7. What did the Aztecs use as a form of
currency?
a) Cacao beans
b) Gold coins
c) Seashells
d) Salt
8. Which Mesoamerican civilization is
known for its advanced astronomy,
astrological knowledge,
and calendar systems?
a) Inca Civilization
b) Olmec Civilization
c) Aztec Civilization
d) Maya Civilization
9. Which of the following civilizations
was NOT located in Mesoamerica?
a) Maya Civilization
b) Inca Civilization
c) Aztec Civilization
d) Indus Civilization a) Jabir In Hayan
10. What important watercraft b) Aryabhata
invention is credited to civilizations in
c) Madhva of Sangamagrama
Mesoamerica?
d) Jabir In Hayyan
a) Gondola
15. What is the book of Aryabhata
b) Canoe
a) Arybhatiya
c) Steam engine
b) Arabhatiya
d) Raft
c) Aryabatiya
11. Their accomplishments include
expertise in iron production, d) Aryabhatiya
metallurgy, and ancient medical
practices like Ayurveda, which 16. Who is the “Father of Optics”?
originated over 4,500 years ago. a) al-Haytham
a) China b) Ibn Sina
b) Asia c) Aryabhata
c) India d) Jabir Ibn Hayan
d) Middle East Countries 17. What are the 2 proofs of Egyptians
12. An architectural system where a in their advanced civilization?
horizontal piece is supported by two a) Egyptians Pyramids and Early
vertical posts, or columns Dams
a) Lintel Architecture b) Susruta Samita and Mohenjo Daro
b) Structural Steel Ruler

c) Tensile Structures c) Lebombo Bone and Early Dams

d) Layered Architecture Patter d) Egyptians Pyramids and Lebombo

Bone
13. What medicine originated in
ancient India before 2500 BC? 18. Introduced algorithms, and the term
"algebra" is derived from “al-jabr”
a) Ayurveda
a) Ibn al-haytham
b) Avurveda
b) Ibn Sina
c) Ayurvada
c) Brahmagupta
d) Ayorveda
d) Muhammad al-Khwarizmi
19. Has a predominant Muslim
population and witnessed a Golden
14. Who is the “Father of Chemistry”?
Age of Islam from the 7th to the 13th
centuries.
a) Middle East Countries
b) China
c) Asia
d) India
20. An ancient civilization, has made
substantial contributions across
multiple domains, including medicine,
astronomy, science, mathematics, arts,
philosophy, and music.
a) Asia
b) China
c) India
d) Middle East Countries
21. Which group implemented the
various programs and policies to
enhance science and technology?
A. The Department of Science and
Technology
B. The National Research Council of
the Philippines
C. The Philippine Government
D. The Philippine-American Academy
of Science and Engineering
22. Which of the following that the
NCRP clustered with the given policies
below?
A. Physics, Engineering and
Industrial Research, Earth and
Space Sciences, and Mathematics
B. Providing scholarships for
undergraduate and graduate studies.
C. Preservation of natural sources.
D. Balik Scientist Program
23. What is the major track in senior
high school is to encourage more
students to pursue science-related
college courses?
A. Humanities and Social Sciences
(HUMSS)
B. The Accountancy, Business, and
Management (ABM)
C. Science, Technology, Engineering,
and Mathematics (STEM)
D. Information and Communicatios
Technology (ICT)
24. Choose the existing programs of
the DOST supported by the Philippine
Government.
A. Medical, Chemical, and
Pharmaceutical Sciences
B. Providing funds for basic research
and patents related to science and
technology.
C. Strengthen science education at an
early age through the Philippine
Science High School
System.
D. Use of alternative and safe energy
25. What are the other areas and fields
that the country is looking forward to
embark various research and projects?
A. Establishment of regional centers.
B. Social Sciences, Humanities,
Education, International Policies, and
Governance
C. Finding cure for various disease
and illness.
D. The Philippine Congress
26. Which of the following has
established laws governing science and
technology, covering themes like
conservation, health, technology
development, and supporting basic
research?
A. Science, Technology, Engineering,
and Mathematics
B. The Department of Science and
Technology
C. The National Research Council of
the Philippines
D. The Philippine Government
27. Which of the following is the one
of the several identified capacity-
building programs by the Philippine-
American Academy of Science and
Engineering (PAASF, 2008)?
A. Providing funds for basic research
and patents
B. Manpower and institutional
development programs.
C. Climate change and global warming
D. Increasing food production
28. Globally, we experience global
warming. What should we do?
A. Join tree planting activities and
keep the environment clean.
B. Throw your trash everywhere.
C. Cut trees or do illegal logging.
D. Do deforestation.
29. Which department consulted the
National Research Council of the
Philippines (NCRP) to study how the
Philippines can meet ASEAN 2015
Goals?
A. The Philippine Government
B. The Philippine Congress
C. The Philippine-American Academy
of Science and Engineering
D. The Department of Science and
Technology
30 What is the main goal of these
programs and policies related to
science and technology?
A. So students can enroll at STEM
strand.
B. People will encouraged to join the
Balik Scientist Program.
C. To enhance science and
technology, aiming to prepare the
nation for a technologically driven
world.
D. To save the world from global
warming
31. This Filipino Scientist is known for
his outstanding research on tissue
culture in Philippine mangoes.
A. Lourdes Jansuy Cruz
B. Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr.
C. Ramon Cabanos Barba
D. Gregory Ligot Tangonan
32. This Filipino Scientist is known for
his research in the field of
communication technology.
A. Gregory Ligot Tangonan
B. Ceasar A Aloma
C. Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr.
D. Ramon Cabanos Barba
33. This Filipino Scientist is known for gold and silver jewelry, ceramics, and
his research on herbal medicine. metal tools.
A. Edgardo Gomez A. Stone
B. Fabian Millar Dayrit B. Metal
C. Lilian Formalejo Patena C. Bronze
D. Angel Alcala D. Wooden
34. This Filipino Scientist is 38. _____ education in schools focuses
recognized as an internationally on understanding human body, plants,
renowned physicist. animals, and
A. Gregory Ligot Tangonan heavenly bodies.
B. Angel Alcala A. Mathematics
C. Ceasar A Aloma B. Science
D. Lourdes Jansuy Cruz C. History
35. This Filipino Scientist is D. Technology
recognized as an chemistry and
39. Some ______ students contributed
president of National Academy of
to advancements in medicine,
Science and Technology.
engineering, arts, music, and
A. Ceasar A Aloma
literature.
B. Gregory Ligot Tangonan
A. Filipino
C. Ramon Cabanos Barba
B. American
D. William Padolina
C. European
36. The _______ reorganized the
D. Chinese
Philippines’ science education,
focusing on nature studies, sanitation, 40. ______ was used in building
and modernization. houses, irrigation, and developing
everyday tools for farming,
A. Japanese
hunting, cooking, fishing, and
B. Chinese
transportation.
C. Americans
A. Technology
D. European
B. Science
C. Machines
37. Archeological artifacts from the
D. Mechanical
_______ Age also influenced early
Filipinos, with sophisticated designs of 41. When did the Scientific Revolution
start?
a) 16th to 18th b) Soldier
b) 17th to 18th c) Teacher
c) 17th to 19th d) Priest
d) 18th to 19th 47. Is the church against science in the
renaissance period?
42. Where did the Scientific
Revolution start? a) Yes
a) Asia b) No
b) America c) I don’t know
c) Europe d) Maybe
d) Africa 48. Why do we need to study those 3
scientists?
43. Who started the Scientific
Revolution? a) To gain deeper insight
a) Charles Darwin b) To gain knowledge
b) Nicolaus Copernicus c) To know who are them
c) Sigmund Freud d) All of the above
d) Albert Einstein 49. Nicolaus Copernicus is a
__________ scientist
44. When did science start?
a) Old
a) Last Year
b) Renaissance
b) Last Century
c) Great
c) No one knows
d) Famous
d) Last Week
50. When did copernicus formulate the
45. What is the title of our lesson 1
heliocentric model?
a) Intellectual Revolution that
a) 1510
Defined Society
b) 1610
b) Science And Scientific Revolution
c) 1520
c) Scientist And Scientific Revolution
d) 1620
d) Science that Defined Revolution

46. What’s the meaning of canon

a) Church Person
GROUP 2
1. What is another word for Indigenous
knowledge?
A. Basic knowledge
B. Traditional knowledge
C. Professional knowledge
D. Acquired Knowledge
2. Which is not one of the examples that
are given by Jonston (2000)?
A. Motivating attitudes
B. Cooperating attitudes
C. Culture and values
D. Reflective Attitudes
3. Who developed the framework to
understand Indigenous science?
A. Gribbin (2001)
B. Mkapa (2004)
C. Sibisi (2004)
D. Pawilen (2006)
4. Which one is not part of the
indigenous science framework?
A. Science process skills
B. Community culture and values
C. traditional knowledge
D. Indigenous science
5. When did UNESCO recognized
Indigenous science as one of the
significant contributors in science and
technology?
A. 1999
B. 2001
C. 2004
D. 2006
6. Is Indigenous knowledge system the
understanding and philosophies
developed by local communities with a
long histories and experience with their
natural surroundings?
A. True
B. False
C. Maybe
D. Not sure
7. This are examples of science process
skills EXCEPT?
A. Predicting
B. Critical thinking
C. Problem solving
D. Measuring
8. This are examples of community and
culture values EXCEPT?
A. The land is the source of life.
B. The earth is revered as “Mother
Earth”.
C. Humans are the ones who will destroy
the earth.
D. All living and non-living things are
interconnected and interdependent with
each other.
9. What does DLP stand for?
A. Data Loss Prevention
B. Dynamic Leaning Progress
C. Data Learning Program
D. Dynamic Learning Program
10.What year was the Research
Center for Theoretical Physics
established?
A. 1993
B. 1992
C. 1994
D. 1995
11._____ education deals with
the teaching and learning of
science and in helping the public
develop literacy in it.
A. Science
B. Tertiary
C. Secondary
D. Basic
12. What does PSHSS
stand for?
A. Philippine Science High
School System
B. Partial Science High School
System
C. Productive State High School
Scholar
D. Protruding Stout High Service
System
13.Science Programs and projects
were organized and developed to
___ in science in the country.
A. nurture innovation
B. innovate
C. improve
D. promote
14.What was RCTP known
for?
A. Organized crime
B. Organizing small
international workshops to
foster the informal but
intense exchange of ideas
and perspectives on
outstanding problems in
physics and mathematics.
C. Creation of Bioweapons
D. Indigenous Knowledge
15. Who pioneered the
DLP system?
A. Ferdinand Marcos
B. Ferdinand Magellan
C. Central Visayas Institute
Foundation
D. Charles Darwin
16. Why was DLP so
revolutionary?
A. It brought in more funds for
them to use.
B. It enables the students to
improve their brain function.
C. To prevent any data loss
D. To promote coffee intake
17. What is the main
purpose of promoting
science education?
A. To improve science literacy
amongst the public
B. Just for fun
C. To improve social skills
D. To promote critical thinking
and extensive analysis
18. Science ______
focuses on teaching.
Learning. And
understanding
science
A. Knowledge
B. Skills
C. Education
D. All of the above
19. When was the Philippine
Science High School officially
established?
A. 1963
B. 1964
C. 1970
D. 1988
20. Which Philippine President
signed Republic Act 3661,
establishing the Philippine
Science High School?
A. President Fidel V. Ramos
B. President Diosdado
Macapagal
C.President Aureus Solito
D. President Gregorio
21. What is the primary focus of
the PSHS System in terms of
education?
A. Arts and Humanities
B. Science and Mathematics
C. Physical Education
D. Social Sciences
22. In which year did the PSHS
System Law (R.A. 8496) get
signed into law?
A. 1964
B. 1970
C. 1988
D. 1997
23. Which publication is
associated with the Philippine
Science High School?
A. The Science Scholar
B. The Artistic Endeavor
C. The Literature Review
D. The History Chronicle
24. "Pisay" was a film made in
honor of Philippine science and
directed by:
A. President Diosdado
Macapagal
B. Dr. Gregorio Velasquez
C. Aureus Solito (an alumnus of
Pisay)
D. President Fidel V. Ramos
25. What is the main objective of
the Special Science Elementary
Schools (SSES) Project?
A. To offer scholarships to
elementary students
B. To promote academic
achievement in science
C. To develop scientific and
technological knowledge in
Filipino children
D. To encourage artistic talents
in children
26. What teaching approach is
used in the curriculum of the SSES
Project to encourage critical
thinking and problem-solving
skills?
A. Traditional lecture-based
teaching
B. Outdoor excursions
C. Investigatory projects
D. Group discussions
27. Where do we build our
foundation in Science education?
A. Basic Education
B. Tertiary Education
C. Philippine Science High School
D. Quezon City Science High
School
28. Where do we further develop
our foundation in Science
education?
A. Basic Education
B. Tertiary Education
C. Philippine Science High School
D. Quezon City Science High
School
29. These are the science high
schools in the Philippines, except
one.
A. Philippine Science High School
B. Quezon City Science High
School
C. Manila Science High School
D. Ateneo de Manila University
30. These are the skills that are
focused in Science Education,
except one.
A. Critical thinking skills
B. Process Skills.
C. Problem solving skills
D. Linguistic Skills
31. What is indigenous
knowledge?
A. A form of modern scientific
knowledge
B. Knowledge passed down
through generations within
indigenous communities
C. Knowledge exclusive to
indigenous people
D. A type of religious knowledge
32. How is indigenous knowledge
typically transmitted?
A. Through formal education
systems
B. Through written textbooks
C. Orally and through lived
experience
D. Through online courses
33. Which of the following is an
example of indigenous
knowledge?
A. Algebra
B. Traditional herbal medicine
C. Quantum physics
D. Computer programming
34. How does indigenous
knowledge contribute to
environmental sustainability?
A. By promoting industrialization
B. By advocating for
deforestation
C. By offering insights into
sustainable resource
management
35. When was Quezon City
Regional Science High School
originally established?
A. 1979
B. 1999
C. 1967
D. 1985
36. What is the primary focus of
the curriculum at Quezon City
Regional Science High School?
A. Arts and Humanities
B. Science and Technology
C. Physical Education
D. Social Sciences
37. What region does Quezon
City Regional Science High School
primarily serve?
A. Central Luzon
B. National Capital Region
(NCR)
C. Southern Mindanao
D. Eastern Visayas
38. How do students typically
qualify for admission to Quezon
City Regional Science High
School?
A. Lottery
B. Parental recommendation
C. Competitive entrance exams
D. No admission requirements
39.In addition to standard
secondary education subjects,
what does Quezon City Regional
Science High School's curriculum
include?
A. Only science subjects
B. Only mathematics subjects
C. Specialized science and
technology subjects
D. Physical education and arts
subjects
40. Which organization(s)
provide support to Quezon City
Regional Science High School?
A. Department of Education
(DepEd) only
B. Local government unit only
C. Parents and Teachers
Association (PTA) only
D. Both the local government
unit and PTA
41. What is the school's main
goal in nurturing students?
A. Promoting athletic excellence
B. Fostering a spirit of inquiry
and creativity in science
C. Developing skills in the arts
D. Preparing students for
careers in politics
42. How has Quezon City
Regional Science High School
evolved over the years?
A. It has remained unchanged
since its establishment.
B. It has expanded to include
other regions of the Philippines.
C. It has adapted to changing
educational needs and trends.
D. It has shifted its focus from
science to humanities
43. What type of activities and
programs are available to
students at the school to enhance D. None of the above
their education? 48. This Science education helps
A. Only academic programs students learn important concept
B. Only sports programs and facts that are related in
C. Extracurricular activities, everyday life
including science clubs and A. Tertiary Education
research projects B. Basic Education
D. No additional programs or C. Primary Education
activities D. Secondary Education
44. What is the significance of 49. who stressed the importance
including "Quezon City" in the of utilizing the natural
school's name? environment to teach students?
A. It indicates the school's A. Dewey( 2001)
affiliation with a particular B. Marx(1994)
political party. C. Knight (1986)
B. It specifies the location D. Tilghman (2005)
within the National Capital 50. Science Education in the
Region. tertiary level focuses on the
C. It highlights the school's preparation including
commitment to the performing A. Science teachers
arts. B.Scientist
D. It designates the school as a C. Engineers
religious institution. D. All of the above
45. Science education deals with
the development of people in
science, which is...
A. The heart of science
B. Technology
C. Society
D. All of the above
46. What is the first science high
school in the Philippines?
A. Quezon City Regional Science
High School
B. Philippine Science High School
System
C. Manila Science High School
D. Central Visayan Institute
Foundation
47. Science education consider
country's as a ______ to develop
a scientifically cultured and
literate citizenry
A. Investment
B. Treasure
C. Foundation
GROUP 3 QUESTIONNAIRES:
1. Aristotle coined the term
"__________", which means having a
good and balanced spirit.
a) Eidamonium
b) Uedaimonia
c) Euidimoniea
d) Eudaimonia
2. It is likening humans to flowers
achieving their full bloom.
b) SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
AND HUMAN FLOURISHING
c) SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND
SOCIETY IN THE HUMAN
CONDITION
d) SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND
THE HUMAN CONDITION
6. Phronesis is the ability of a human
person to do the right things for good
reasons in the best way.
a) TRUE

a) Human Flourish b) FALSE

b) Humane Flour 7. According to Plato and Socrates,

money was created and is useful
c) Humanity because there is a community of
d) Human Flourishing interests and needs.
3. All of which are components of a) TRUE
human flourishing, except one.
b) FALSE
a) Phronesis
8. Science and Technology in relation
b) Friendship to human flourishing is not relevant in
c) Love the present era.

d) Wealth a) TRUE

e) Power b) FALSE

4. This is something that never ends or 9. Each and every discovery,

changes. innovation, and success contribute to
one’s pool of knowledge.
a) Human Perpetual
a) TRUE
b) Human Flourishing
b) FALSE
c) Human Conduct
10. Human Flourishing focuses on how
d) Humane Perpetual people live their lives in the best way
5. Human Flourishing is under the possible.
CHAPTER 2, titled __________. a) TRUE
a) SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND b) FALSE
SOCIETY IN THE HUMAN
CONDITION
11. First step in Scientific method in
which you’ll determine if there are
unexplained occurrences unfolding.
a) Determine the Problem
b) Formulate Conclusion
c) Observation
d) Formulate Hypothesis
12. Step in Scientific method in which
you identify the factors involved
a) Gather and Analyze
b) Conduct Experiment
c) Formulate Hypothesis
d) Determine the Problem
13. Proposing an unproven proposition
or supposition that tetatively explain
certain facts.
a) Formulate Conclusion
b) Gather and Analyzed
c) Formulate Hypothesis
d) Determine the Problem
14. A scientific test which is done in
order to discover what happens to
something in particular
conditions
a) Formulate Conclusion
b) Gather and Analyzed
c) Formulate Hypothesis
d) Experiment
15. Step in Scientific method in which
you examine if the data gathered are
significant enough to
conclude results
a) Formulate Conclusion
b) Gather and Analyzed
c) Formulate Hypothesis
d) Determine the Problem
16. Last step in Scientific method.
a) Gather and Analyze
b) Formulate Conclusion
c) Formulate Hypothesis
d) Determine the Problem
17. Group of scholars who believed
that only those which can be observed
should be regarded as
meaningful.
a) Vienna Sausage
b) Vienna Triangle
c) Vienna Square
d) Vienna Circle
18. Theory that is basically the
opposite of Verification Theory.
a) Einstein’s Theory
b) Falsification Theory
c) Bigbang Theory
d) Scientific Theory
19. The earliest criterion that
distinguishes Philosophy and Science
a) Falsification Theory
b) Verified Theory
c) Verification Theory
d) Falsifiable Theory
20. The Austrian-British Philospher
who proposed the Falsification Theory
a) Karl Raimund Popper then and discovering cure or medicine
to different diseases that can long your
b) Karl Reymund Popper
lifespan.
c) Karl Raymund Popper
a) Average Lifespan
d) Karl Raimond Popper
b) Gross domestic product(GDP)
21. Explained by the famous German
c) Mortality Rate
philosopher Martin Heidegger in his
published work namely The Question d) Technology
Concerning Technology.
25.. Who is the Famous German
a) Literacy Rate Philosopher Discovered Technology?
b) Human Condition a) Albert Einstein
c) Technology b) John Locke
d) Martin Heidegger c) Immanuel Kant
22. Access to education provided to d) Martin Heidegger
more individuals generally creates a
26. For a long time, humans were
more informed public that could
content with their relationship with
determine a more just society.
nature. In the Earliest case of man
a) Gross domestic product(GDP) made extinction occurred over 12,000
years, brought upon by hunting and
b) Literacy Rate
territorial disputes.
c) Mortality Rate
a) Technology
d) Human Condition
b) Human Condition in the Common
23. Due to technology, lesser death Era
percentage help of medical care and
c) Average Lifespan
hightech medical treatment.
d) Literacy Rate
a) Gross domestic product(GDP)
b) Literacy Rate
c) Mortality Rate
d) Human Condition

27. Is a key economic indicator that

24. Aside from the reason that people
represents the total monetary value of
engage of less combat and less die to a
all goods and services produced within
treatable diseases now as opposed to
a country's borders during a specific
time period, typically measured on an
annual or quarterly basis. It is used to
assess and quantify the overall
economic performance and size of a
nation's economy.
a) Average Lifespan
b) Gross domestic product(GDP)
c) Mortality Rate
d) Technology
28. It also called the sixth extinction or
more aptly anthropocene extinction,
a) Holocene Extinction
b) Human Condition
c) Technology
d) Literacy Rate
29. His work "The Question
Concerning Technology," which was
published in____ What year?
a) 2023
b) 1965
c) 1954
d) 1974
30. occurred from early between
______ to ______ years up to present.
It pertains to the ongoing extinction of
several species-both flora and fauna-
due to human activity.
a) 800,000 to 900,000
b) 200,000 to 300,000
c) 400,000 to 500,000
d) 100,000 to 200,000
31. 1.What is the essence
technology?
a) it is a thing that is more ideal and
faster way
b) it is a thing to get knowledge
c) it is a thing to go back or retrieve the
past?
d) All of the above
32.the______are reaching higher goals
to produce more efficient and useful
products to satisfy people’s needs.
a) Gadgets
b) Social Media
c) Technology
d) Internet
33. What year has been involved
technology to help change education?
a) 1987
b) 1994
c) 1989
d) 1990
34. It is a various web-based approach
to help instructors worldwide to
implement teaching methods.
a) Interactive Learning Toolkit
b) Internal Learning Toolkit
c) Interval living Toolkit
d) interest loop Toolkit
35. What is Backtracking The Human
Condition?
of a) ”backtrack”, it means to go back or
retrace the past.
b) ”backtrack”,it means to make b. Educational
technology.
c. Social
c) ”backtrack”,it means to see what is
d. Foolproof
in the future.
40.In 2000 what did the world leaders
d) All of the above.
signed?
36.when there is no technology we live
a. Data Loss Prevention
in?
b. Dynamic Learning Program
a) More advance and fastest way
c. Millennium Development Goals
b) People are working harder to
(MDG)
survive.
d. Data Learning Program
c) There is a social media and digital
phones. 41._____________contemplated on,
suggesting that developed countries
d) None of the above.
should not push forth more
37. The following are able to produce
growth but instead adopt “de-
results, except one
development” policies
a) Religion
a. Richard Rorty
b) Luck
b. Helen Longino
c) Human experience
c. Joseph Hickel
d) Human randomness
d. Paul Thagard
38.STEM (Science, Technology,
42.Science is not entirely_________,
Engineering, Mathematics) has the
such that it is correct 100% of the time
most popularity, what is the second
most popular strand? a. Truth
a. ABM b. Foolproof
b. TVL c. False
c. GAS d. Real
d. HUMMS

39.Science is ________in the sense 43.Science is too much when it _____

that it takes place through social
institutions, and often for the a. Destroying the nature

benefit of society. b. Too much technology

a. Public c. When people become more lazy

d. When the information is too much d) Endeivoir
44.___________is the teaching and 48. This term is attributed mainly to the
learning of science to school children, changes brought about by technology;
college students, or adults within the
a) Generation gap
general public
b) Advanced technology
a. Science and results
c) Advancement
b. Science as social endeavor
d) Improvement
c. Science Method
49. Access to education provided to
d. Science education
more individuals that can determine
45.There are distinct portions in the their knowledge about a
entrance exam in the secondary and
certain topic.
tertiary levels that are
a) Mortality
dedicated to___________.
b) Average lifespan
a. science and mathematics
c) Literacy rate
b. Arts and Science
d) GDP
c. Mathematics and history
50. People going to the outer space,
d. Arts and history
studying and cultivating the world are
46. One major issue is that growth can just throwing away their
create the illusion of________, but the
lives.
world's resources are finite and cannot
support endless consumption over time a) TRUE
a. Being real b) FALSE
b. Sustainability
c. False
d. Truth

47. This means social relationship that

circulates upon the work of numerous
philosopher in uniting a theory at once.
a) Endeveor
b) Endeavor
c) Eandevoir
GROUP #4 SCITECH QUIZ 5. A robot may not injure a
human being, What is the Law?
Questions
a. LAW ONE
1. A actuated mechanism
programmable in two or more axes b. Law Two
with a degree of autonomy to perform
c. Law Three
intended task?
d. Law Four
a. ROBOT
6. A robot must protect its own
b. Machine
existence as long as such protection
c. Android does not conflict with
d. Bot the ___ or ___ law.
2. A robot that performs useful a. ONE OR TWO LAW
tasks for humans or equipment
b. One or Three Law
excluding industrial automation
application? c. One or Four Law
a. SERVICE ROBOT d. Two or Three Law
b. Personal Service Robot 7. A robot must obey the orders
given it by human, What is the Law?
c. Professional Service Robot
a. Law one
d. Universal Automation
b. LAW TWO
3. A service robot for personal
use, Used for noncommercial Task? c. Law Three
a. Professional Service Robot d. Law Four
b. Service robot 8. The earliest robot known to
people was created by?
c. Universal Automation
a. GEORGE DEVOL
d. PERSONAL SERVICE ROBOT
b. Marc Raibert
4. Robot For professional use,
usually operated by a properly trained c. Raj Reddy
operator?
d. Colin Angle
a. PROFESSIONAL SERVICE
ROBOT 9. The Three Law of Robotics
was Formulated by who?
b. Service robot
a. Stanford n.d
c. Universal Automation
b. Helen Longino
d. Personal service robot
c. Paul Thargard
d. ISAAC ASIMOV 15.According to hedonism,
what is the ultimate goal of human
10. What was the 1st country to
life?
develop service robots?
a) Wealth and power
a. America
b) Virtue and morality
b. Japan
c) Pleasure and happiness
c. GERMANY
d) Knowledge and wisdom
d. China
16.What is one common
11.This is the first materialist
criticism of hedonism?
were the atomist in ancient Greece
a) It neglects the importance of
a) Materialism
pleasure and happiness.
b) Theism
b) It lacks a clear definition of
c) Stoicism pleasure.

d) Hedonism c) It encourages selflessness and

altruism.
12.This is when you see the end
goal of is aquiring pleasure d) It can lead to a shallow or hedonistic
lifestyle.
a) Materialism
17.Who is considered one of
b) Theism the key founders of Stoicism?
c) Stoicism a) Plato
d) Hendonism b) Epicurus
13.The idea that to generate c) Seneca
happiness.
d) Zeno of Citium
a) Materialism
18.What Stoic principle
b)Thesm emphasizes accepting the natural order
c) Stoicism of the universe and events beyond our
control?
d) Hendonism
a) Apatheia
14.It is simply coming together
randomly to form things in the world. b) Eudaimonia

A. Athoumos c) Amor fati

B. Athomos d) Ataraxia

C. ATOMOS 19.What is the Stoic concept of

"apatheia" often translated as?
D. Atomous
a) Apathy
b) Indifference D. Drunkenness
c) Joy 24. What is an actuated mechanism that
is programmable?
d) Sadness
A. Robot
20. How does Stoicism view
external circumstances such as wealth, B. Remote
fame, and social status?
C. Cellphone
a) As the ultimate goals in life
D. Laptop
b) As indifferent and not essential to
25. What is the acronym for the
virtue and happiness
sponsored collaborative project, the
c) As the sole sources of happiness "Deutsche Servicerobotik Initiative -
Germany Service Robotics Initiative?
d) As obstacles to spiritual growth
A. DESIGN
21. Parents, or at least most of
them say that these things make their B. DESIRE
children lazy and unhealthy, what are
C. DEBATE
these?
D. DELAY
A. Remote
26. This type of robot performs
B. Umbrella
practical tasks for humans or
C. Technological Devices equipment.
D. Chair A. Autonomous Mobile Robots
22. The word ____________ is the B. Cobot
sense of being accountable for and
C. Humanoids
accountable to and is very appropriate
to the ethics of technology. D. Service Robot
A. Responsibility 27. Who is the person behind
"Universal Automation," or known as
B. Respiratory
the "Unimate"?
C. Reversibility
A. Gregor Mendel
D. Recovery
B. Greg
23. Below are all examples of
C. Gregor Devol
the negative effects of technologies,
choose one that is not. D. Gray
A. Reclusiveness 28. In connection with question
#7, in what year did that person create
B. Laziness
the latter invention?
C. Unhealthiness
A. 2023
B. 2022 a) Deism
C. 2021 b) Pantheism
D. 1950s c) Theism
29. A service robot that is used d)Agnosticism
for a NONCOMMERCIAL task is
34.What is the opposite of
called what?
theism?
A. Personal Service Robot
a) Atheism
B. Service Robot for Personal Use
b) Polytheism
C. Both A and B
c) Agnosticism
D. None of the above.
d) Secularism
30. A service robot used for
35.Which famous philosopher
COMMERCIAL tasks, usually
is known for his arguments for the
operated by a properly trained
existence of God?
operator?
a) Sigmund Freud
A. Robot
b) Friedrich Nietzsche
B. Professional Service Robot or
Service Robot for Personal use. c) Immanuel Kant
C. Technology d) Thomas Aquinas
D. Remote 36.Theism can be categorized
into:
31.What is theism?
a) Monotheism, Polytheism, and
a) Belief in multiple deities
Pantheism
b) Belief in one deity
b) Monotheism, Deism, and Atheism
c) Belief in no deity
c) Agnosticism, Secularism, and
d) Belief in the afterlife Polytheism
32.Which major world religion d) Monotheism, Nihilism, and
is based on theism? Hedonism
a) Buddhism 37.In monotheistic religions,
God is believed to be:
b) Hinduism
a) A human-like deity with flaws
c) Christianity
b) The only divine being
d) Taoism
c) One of many deities
33.The belief that God is all-
powerful, all-knowing, and all-loving d) An impersonal force
is known as:
 38.Which of the following c) Albert Einstein
monotheistic religions originated in the
d) Galileo Galilei
Middle East?
43.Humanism often places a
a) Buddhism
strong emphasis on:
b) Hinduism
a) Divine revelation
c) Judaism
b) The worship of nature
d) Shintoism
c) Scientific discovery
39.What is the holy book of
d) Human potential and reason
Christianity?
44.Secular humanism is
a) Quran
characterized by:
b) Bible
a) A focus on religious dogma
c) Torah
b) A rejection of all forms of
d) Bhagavad Gita spirituality
40.The argument for the c) An emphasis on reason and ethics
existence of God based on the design without religious beliefs
and order in the universe is
d) A belief in a higher power
known as:
45.What is the primary source
a) The Cosmological Argument of authority in humanism?
b) The Teleological Argument a) Religious scriptures
c) The Ontological Argument b) Scientific research
d) The Problem of Evil c) Human reason and experience
41.What is humanism? d) Government laws
a) A religious belief in multiple gods 46.Humanism promotes the
idea that ethics and morality are:
b) A philosophical and ethical stance
that emphasizes human values and a) Determined by divine command
agency
b) Subjective and relative to individual
c) A belief in the afterlife beliefs
d) A form of atheism c) Universal and based on reason and
empathy
42.Who is considered one of
the key figures in Renaissance d) Irrelevant to human behavior
humanism?
a) Isaac Newton
b) Leonardo da Vinci
 47.Humanism is often
associated with which branch of
philosophy?
a) Metaphysics
b) Epistemology
c) Ethics
d) Aesthetics
48.The humanist movement of
the 20th century is closely tied to the
promotion of:
a) Religious fundamentalism
b) Rationalism and secularism
c) Superstition and mysticism
d) Authoritarianism
49.Humanism is often seen as
advocating for:
a) A focus on the afterlife
b) The rejection of science
c) Social justice, equality, and human
rights
d) Isolationism
50.Which of the following is a
famous humanist philosopher and
author known for works like
"The Age of Reason"?
a) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
b) John Locke
c) Karl Marx
d) Thomas Paine