Complexity and Nonlinear Dynamics in STEM IIT Hyderabad, 05 -07 June 2023

Chirped Lambert W-kink solitons for higher-order NLSE with

quadratic-cubic nonlinearity in presence of an external source
Sanjana Bhatia and C. N. Kumar *

The classical ϕ6 -field theory in (1 + 1) dimensions, is parameters as α = − 3a

4a1 and β =
4 u
2a1 , where a1 ̸= 0,
considered as a model for the first-order structural phase and amplitude equation as:
transitions [1, 2]. Very recently, a parity-breaking sextic
potential has been proposed [3], which like ϕ4 theory has ρ′′ + b1 ρ2 ρ′ + b2 ρ5 + b3 ρ3 + b4 ρ2 + b5 ρ + b6 = 0, (2)
two vacua, but unlike the tanh x solution of the latter, the
kink solution of the former has a power-law tail at one where the b′i s are given in terms of the model parame-
spatial infinity and exponential tail at the other. This non- ter. We shall now show that for a choice of ρ′ , Eq. (2)
trivial asymmetric kink solution is obtained in terms of 1.5
the Lambert W function, which in the mathematical liter-
ature is defined as the inverse function of f (W ) = W eW . 1.0
Previously used in pure and applied mathematics [4], it 0.5
can be found in physics literature as solutions for double
| ( )|
0.0
delta well potentials in quantum mechanics, general rela-
tivity, quantum statistics, and optics to mention a few. Re- -0.5
cently, the Lambert W-kink solitons have been obtained -1.0
analytically for the pulse dynamics in fibers with linear-
nonlinear gain and spectral filtering terms [5], and non- -1.5
-4 -2 0 2 4
linear dissipative electrical transmission network [6].
In this study, we report a new kind of exact soliton-like
solution for the quadratic-cubic nonlinear Schrödinger
Figure 1: (a) Amplitude profile ρ(ξ) of the Lambert
equation in the presence of higher-order terms and driven
W-kink soliton for different values of the external drive
by an external source, referred to as Lambert W-kink soli-
η = 0.6 (red dashed), η = 1.0 (blue dotted) and η = 1.5
tons. The solutions are necessarily chirped and dark in na-
(green solid). Other parameters are a2 = 1 and a3 = −1.
ture. The chirp is shown to have non-trivial dependence
on the amplitude, and hence can be controlled by evolu-
tion coefficients as well as the intensity of the solitons. can be solved consistently. In the most general case, all
Consider the driven quadratic-cubic nonlinear the b′i s are nonzero, and Eq. (2) can be mapped onto an
Schrödinger equation with higher-order effects, asymmetric ϕ6 field theory, with first order differential
equation given by: ρ′ = (a2 − ρ2 ) (a − ρ), that admits
iψz + a1 ψtt + a2 |ψ|ψ + a3 |ψ|2 ψ + ia4 (|ψ|2 ψ)t + Lambert W-kink solution of the form [3, 4, 5]
a5 ψ(|ψ|2 )t = f (z, t), (1) 2
ρ(ξ) = a(1 − ), (3)
where ψ(z, t) is the normalized envelope of the pulse, z 1 + W (e4a2 ξ+1 )
is the longitudinal variable representing propagation dis- where W represents Lambert W function and a is a real
tance and t is the transverse variable. Here, a1 is group parameter.
velocity dispersion (GVD) parameter, a2 and a3 represent
quadratic and cubic nonlinearities and a4 is the SS coeffi-
cient. Choosing the ansatz as: ψ(z, t) = ρ(ξ)ei(φ(z,t)) , References
where φ(z, t) = χ(ξ) − kz, k being the propagation [1] S. N. Behera, A. Khare, Pramana - J Phys 15, 245
constant and ξ = t − uz is the traveling coordinate. (1980).
Here f (z, t) = η eiϕ(z,t) denotes the external drive term. [2] E. Magyari, Z. Phys. B - Cond. Matt. 43, 345 (1981).
Assuming frequency chirp to have a quadratic depen- [3] A. Amado, A. Mohammadi, Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 576
dence on the exact pulse amplitude, we get δω(z, t) = (2020).
−χ′ (ξ) = −(αρ2 + β), where α and β are real constants. [4] R.M. Corless, G.H. Gonnet, D.E. Hare, D.J. Jeffrey,
The intensity dependence arises due to the higher-order D.E. Knuth, Adv. Comput. Math. 5, 329 (1996).
SS and IRS effects. On simplifying, one gets the chirp [5] Nisha, N. Maan, A. Goyal, T.S. Raju, C.N. Kumar,
* Department of Physics, Panjab University, Phys. Lett. A 384, 126675 (2020).
email: sanjana.bhatia577@gmail.com, cnkumar@pu.ac.in [6] E. Kengne, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 136, 266 (2021).