9

USING CONDITIONALS
IN EXPRESSING
ARGUMENTS
Learner's Module in English 9
Quarter 1 ● Module 6

MELANIE L. LIGANTE
Developer
Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

NAME: GRADE AND SECTION

TEACHER: SCORE
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BAGUIO CITY
No. 82 Military Cut-off Road, Baguio City

Published by the
Learning Resource Management and Development System
Department of Education
Cordillera Administrative Region
Schools Division of Baguio City

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the

Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein
the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12

Curriculum through the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)—Learning
Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS). It can be reproduced
for educational purposes and the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the
work including creating an edited version, an enhancement or a supplementary
work are permitted provided all original work is acknowledged and the copyright is
attributed. No work may be derived from this material for commercial purposes
and profit.

ii
 What I Need to Know
Welcome learners to this module on phrases, clauses, and sentences!

This module was designed to provide you with opportunities to learn one of the
Most Essential Learning Competencies in English 9 for the first quarter.

While going through this module, you are expected to:

a. Use conditionals in expressing arguments.

Here is a reminder you have to take note:

Please write your answers in your notebook. Do not write on this module.

This module features the different labels and icons to guide you
as you do the activities:
Labels Descriptions
What I Need to Know This contains the lesson objectives that
you need to achieve as you study this
module.
What I Know This serves to check what you know about
the lesson you are to learn.
What’s In This connects the lesson with a topic
necessary to your understanding.

What’s New This introduces the lesson to be tackled

through an activity.

What’s In It This contains a brief discussion of the

lesson which contains important concepts.

What’s More These are activities to check your

understanding of the lesson.

What I Have Learned This summarizes the important ideas

presented in the lesson.

What I Can Do This is a real life application of what you

have learned.

Post-Assessment This is an evaluation of what you have

learned from this module
Additional Activity
This is an activity that will strengthen your
knowledge about the lesson.

1
 What I Know
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Read and analyze each item carefully. Then choose the letter of your answer per
number and write in your answer sheet.

1. What do you call a statement, reason, or fact for or against a point?

A. antecedent B. argument C. conditional

2. What do you call a compound statement composed of two statements joined

by the statement connector “if…then…”?
A. antecedent B. argument C. conditional

3. What do you call the statement that follows “then”?

A. antecedent B. conditional C. consequent

4. What type of conditional is used in the sentence below?

If you stick your fingers in the fire, they get burned.
A. second B. third C. zero

5. What type of conditional is used in the sentence below?

If you had stuck your hand into the fire, you would have been screaming in
pain.
A. first B. third C. zero

6. What type of conditional is used in the sentence below?

If you stuck your fingers into the fire, you would need medical attention.
A. first B. second C. third

7. Which clause best completes the statement below?

If you are very thirsty, .
A. you drink water B. you will drink water C. you would drink water

8. Which type of conditional is used to describe a situation with an absolutely

predictable result?
A. first B. third C. zero

9. Which type of conditional involves unreal but likely situations in the present or
future?
A. first B. third C. zero

10. Which type of conditional deals with situations in the present and future that are
both unreal and unlikely?
A. second B. third C. zero

11. Which type of conditional deals with situations in the past that are unreal which
means they did not happen?
A. second B. third C. zero

2
12. Which conditional suits the situation below?
A two-year-old child is reaching the knife on the table. He has not held it yet,
but we know that small children do not understand knife, so we can easily imagine
him touching it.
A. If you hold the knife, you are wounded.
B. If you hold the knife, you will be wounded.
C. If you had held the knife, you would have been wounded.

13. Which conditional suits the situation below?

A 10-year-old boy is joking about putting a 5-peso coin in his mouth. He has
not put the 5-peso coin yet, and we do not think he’s serious about doing it, but we
want to warn him about the consequences just in case.
A. If you put the coin in your mouth, you swallow it.
B. If you put the coin in your mouth, you will swallow it.
C. If you put the coin in your mouth, you would swallow it.

14. Which conditional suits the situation below?

A 20-year-old was joking about jumping off the cliff, but she did not actually do
it.
A. If you jump off the cliff, you are injured.
B. If you jump off the cliff, you will be injured.
C. If you had jumped off the cliff, you would have been injured.

15. Which conditional suits the situation below?

The Philippines is about to implement a new law. It has not happened yet, but
we know that this is beneficial, so we can easily imagine it from being implemented.
A. If the new law is implemented, people are disciplined.
B. If the new law is implemented, people will be disciplined.
C. If the new law was implemented, people would be disciplined.

Let’s check your answers. If you got 15 points, congratulations! You may not
proceed in answering this module. If you got 14 and below, you need to answer the
activities provided in this module. Good luck!

3
 What’s In
People differ in their perspectives on various issues. Most express their
agreement while others take the opposite side. The battle of thoughts in both sides can
either harm or help someone, so choosing the right words to express one’s ideas really
matters.
In this module, you will be learning about using conditionals in expressing
arguments. These will be discussed thoroughly.

What’s New
Activity 1: Figure Me Out
Use the picture and the jumbled letters as clues to determine two of the
important concepts in this lesson. Be guided by the bold letters as they give you the
first letter of each of the two words. Write your answers in your answer sheet.

G E A M T R N U
and
I N N C T O O I D

Good job if you are able to guess the two words correctly! Keep going!

What’s In It
For this lesson, you will learn how to use conditionals to express
arguments. Here are the concepts that you have to know.

An argument is a statement, reason, or fact for or against a point.

In expressing arguments, conditional is used. A conditional is a compound
statement composed of two statements joined by the statement connector “if…then…”.
The statement (simple or compound) that follows the “if” is called the antecedent. The
statement (simple or compound) that follows the “then” is called the consequent.

4
 Conditional

“If [Antecedent] then [Consequent].”

Conditionals have four types which is shown in the table below:

Type Nature Example, Explanation, and Tense

Usage

Zero This conditional Example: If you stick your fingers in

conditional: deals with “real” the fire, they get burned.
“Real conditions. We call
condition” it real because it Explanation: This is a fact, and it
*always* happens happens every time.
this way.
Tense Usage: When the situation is
We use this to completely likely, use present tense in
describe a both clauses.
condition with an
absolutely
predictable
result—in other
words, to state a
fact.
First This conditional Situation: A 3-year- old child is
conditional: deals with “unreal, reaching toward the fire. She has not
“Unreal, but likely” put her fingers into the fire yet, but we
but likely” situations in the know that small children do not
present or future. understand fire, so we can easily
imagine her touching it.
We call it
“unreal” because We would say:
situation we are a) If you stick your fingers into the fire,
describing hasn’t you will burn yourself.
happened yet, and b) If you stick your fingers into the fire,
“likely” because we you will be crying all day.
can easily imagine
it happening. Tense Usage: The main clause verbs
(will burn, will be crying) can be in
simple form or -ing form. It depends on
whether you want to emphasize a
single moment in time (simple form) or
an extended period of time (-ing form).
In either case, use will + verb in the
main clause.

When the situation is unreal, but

likely, use present tense in the
conditional clause and will + verb in
the main clause.

Second This conditional Situation: A 25-year-old is joking about

conditional: deals with reaching into the fire. He has not put
“Unreal and situations in the his fingers into the fire yet, and we do

5
 unlikely” present and future not think he is serious about doing it,
that are both but we want to warn him about the
unreal and consequences just in case.
unlikely.
We would say:
The situation a) If you stuck your fingers into the fire,
we are describing you would need medical attention.
has not happened b) If you stuck your fingers into the
yet, and we really fire, you would be screaming in pain all
can’t imagine it day.
happening very Tense Usage: The main clause verbs
easily, except in a (would need, would be screaming) can
freak accident or a be in simple form or -ing form. It
moment of great depends on whether you want to
stupidity. emphasize a single moment in time
(simple form) or an extended period of
time (-ing form). In either case, use
would + verb in the main clause.
When the situation is unreal and
unlikely, use past tense in the
conditional clause and would + verb in
the main clause.
Third This conditional Situation: A 25-year-old was joking
conditional: deals with about reaching into the fire, but he
“Unreal situations in the didn’t actually do it.
condition” past that are
unreal—they didn’t We would say:
happen. a) If you had stuck your hand into the
fire, you would have needed medical
We can still attention.
imagine what the b) If you had stuck your hand into the
consequences fire, you would have been screaming in
would have been. pain.
Tense Usage: When the situation is
unreal and in the past, use past perfect
(had + -ed) in the conditional clause
and would have + verb in the main
clause. It is also possible to mix time
references—to talk about a condition in
the past and the consequences in the
present.
For example:
a) If you had stuck your fingers into the
fire last night, you would be in a lot of
pain right now.
b) If you had not stuck your fingers
into the fire last night, you would not
be wearing bandages today.

6
 What’s More

Activity 1: Choose the Right Conditional

Identify the type of conditional used per number. Write Z for zero, F for first, S
for second, and T for third as answers in your answer sheet.

1. If you do not take medicine, your sickness will get worse.

2. If people had discipline, number of COVID-19 cases would not increase.
3. If you are always absent in class, you cannot easily understand the lessons.
4. If Miriam Santiago had won, the Philippines’ situation would have been better.
5. If Rick had had a lot of money, he would have traveled around the world.
6. If all teenagers attend sex education classes, teenage pregnancy cases will not
increase.
7. If you are very exhausted, you rest.
8. If you keep on texting while walking, you will bump into someone.
9. If you played with the knife, you would hurt yourself.
10. If you had driven the car drunk, you would have been in an accident.

Activity 2: Connect the Thoughts

Match the clauses in Column A to the ones in Column B to form complete
statements. Write the letter of your answer per number in your answer sheet.

Column A Column B
1. If nurses in the Philippines have high A. we will have water
salary, pollution.
2. If public places strictly observe healthy B. you are penalized.
protocols, C. you will get sick.
3. If the garbage is thrown in the sea, D. he would have been
4. If you do not take good care of yourself, suffering from pain.
5. If you are caught driving without license, E. they will not go abroad.
6. If you carried a bowl of hot water without F. businesses would not
care, have been affected.
7. If the government had stopped the spread G. it would be poured.
of swine fever, H. the spread of COVID-19
8. If the child had played with the toy, will be prevented.

Activity 3: Express My Thoughts

A. Copy and complete the statements below applying what you have learned about
argument and zero and first conditionals.

1. If climate change worsens,

.
2. If you do not do the activities in the module,
.

3. If Corona Virus Disease – 19 infected patients increase,

.

7
4. If students stay at home during this time,
.
5. If online classes are implemented, .

B. Copy and complete the statements below applying what you have learned about
argument and second and third conditionals.

1. If parents help their children while studying at home,

.
2. If all people had accepted the members of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender
(LGBT) community,
.
3. If same sex marriage had been legal in the Philippines,
.
4. If President Rodrigo Duterte had resigned,
.
5. If there was no Corona Virus Disease – 19, _
.

What I Have Learned

Activity 1: Complete Me Out

Complete the paragraph below using the words in the box. Choose the letter
that corresponds to your answer per number in your answer sheet.

A. first B. second C. third D. zero

I
n expressing arguments about people’s views, we use four types of conditionals
depending on the situations. If we want to describe a condition with a predictable
result, we use 1) conditional. Meanwhile, if we want to describe a situation
that has not happened yet and cannot be imagined happening very easily, except in a
freak accident or a moment of great stupidity, we use 2) conditional. If we
want to describe a situation that has not happened yet and cannot easily imagine it
happening, we use 3) conditional. Last, if we want to talk about situations in
the past that are unreal, but they still imagine the consequences of that happened, we
use 4) conditional.

9
8
Activity 2: Apply It Right

Write two things that you have learned about conditionals. Tell how you can
apply each of them in your everyday life situations. Copy and complete the table below
in your answer sheet.
Things I Have Learned How I Can Apply Them

What I Can Do

Activity 1: Think Right

Read each situation then answer the questions using conditionals.

Situation 1:
Your barangay is currently facing a lockdown situation where people are not
allowed to loiter everywhere. Then you see someone walking in the road area. What are
you going to tell that person if you are one of the barangay officials?

If

Situation 2:
Your brother has a fever for two days. Your mother has sore throat. Your father
has body pains and slight fever. You know that these are some of the symptoms of
COVID-19. What are you going to your family members to do?

If

9
 POST-ASSESSMENT

Let us determine how much you have learned about phrases, clauses, and
sentences. Read and analyze each statement carefully. Choose the best answer and
write only the letter of your answer in your answer sheet.

1. Which states a reason or fact for or against something?

A. antecedent B. argument C. conditional

2. Which consists of a connector, an antecedent, and a consequent?

A. argument B. conditional C. statement

3. What do you call the statement that follows “if”?

A. antecedent B. conditional C. consequent

4. Which clause best completes the statement below?

If you in danger, .
A. ask for help B. keep quiet C. you do nothing

5. What type of conditional is shown in the sentence below?

If many COVID-19 infected people had entered the Philippines, the cases would
have been increasing.
A. first B. third C. zero

6. What type of conditional is shown in the sentence below?

If you eat healthy food and exercise, you are healthy.
A. second B. third C. zero

7. What type of conditional is shown in the sentence below?

If you ate spoiled food, you would be having stomachache.
A. first B. second C. third

8. Which type of conditional deals with situation we are describing that has not
happened yet, and we can easily imagine it happening?
A. first B. third C. zero

9. Which type of conditional deals with real conditions because it always happens this
way?
A. first B. third C. zero

10. Which type of conditional is used to describe situations in the past that are not
real, but we can still imagine what the consequences would have been?
A. second B. third C. zero

11. Which type of conditional is used when we describe a situation that has not
happened yet, and we really cannot imagine it happening very easily except in a freak
accident or a moment of great stupidity?
A. second B. third C. zero

10
12. Which conditional suits the situation below?
A boy is kidding about harming himself using a knife. He has not done it yet,
and we do not think he is serious about doing it, but we want to warn him of the
consequence if this happens.
A. If you have the knife, you harm yourself.
B. If you had the knife, you would be harming yourself.
C. If you have had the knife, you would have been harmed.

13. Which conditional suits the situation below?

A three-year old girl is about to get the soap. She has not gotten it yet, but we
know that children do not understand soap, so we can easily imagine her getting it.
A. If you get the soap, you eat it.
B. If you get the soap, you will eat it.
C. If you had gotten the soap, you would have eaten it.

14. Which conditional suits the situation below?

A man was joking about drinking some chemicals, but he did not actually do it.
A. If you drink some chemicals, you are poisoned.
B. If you drink some chemicals, you will be poisoned.
C. If you had drunk some chemicals, you would have been poisoned.

15. Which conditional suits the situation below?

There is a rumor that the Mobile Legends is about to be banned. It has not
happened yet, but we know that this has good effects, so we can easily imagine it from
happening.
A. If Mobile Legends is banned, people will spend less time in playing games.
B. If Mobile Legends was banned, people would spend less time in playing
games.
C. If Mobile Legends had been banned, people would have spent less time in
playing games.

11
 Additional Activity
Here is an additional activity for you to enrich your learning about using
conditionals in expressing arguments.

Activity 1: Read, React, and Write

Read the article below then construct a paragraph. In the first sentence, state
your argument using an appropriate conditional. After that, write a short explanation
to support your answer. Be guided by the scoring rubric as you answer.

What animals are used in coronavirus research?

In the search for vaccines and treatments for COVID-19 animals can play an
essential role in both basic research and testing.

Various animal species are currently being bred and used as suitable models
for predicting what effects a vaccine or treatment for COVID-19 may have on the
human body.

European Animal Research Association has put together some infographics that
illustrate which are the most common animals being used at the present time in
Covid-19 research across the world.

Mice play an essential role in both vaccine and drug development for COVID-
19. Ordinary mice are not susceptible to the disease, so scientists breed genetically
altered mice to make them susceptible to COVID-19.

Monkeys have a similar immune system to humans and are currently being
used in many coronavirus studies across the world. The most common type of monkey
used is the rhesus macaque, but scientists are also conducting studies using African
greens and marmosets."

Ferrets have been used to study COVID-19 because they show similar
symptoms to the disease as humans, their lung physiology is also similar to ours, and
they can spread the virus to other ferrets through the air. They are often used in
studies of influenza for similar reasons.

Pigs are used in Covid-19 vaccine testing to help scientists better understand
how safe and effective a new vaccine is and therefore whether it is suitable for human

12
trials. These animals are also being used to test the effectiveness of new types of
ventilators, before they are tested on humans.

Hamsters are being used to study the effects of the coronavirus as these
animals are a good model to study the effect of the virus on the lungs.
Hamsters are being used to study the effects of COVID-19 as they can display similar
symptoms to humans when infected. This similarity makes also them a good model for
studying transmission, the effects of the virus (particularly on the lungs), and suitable
treatments.

Scoring Rubric
10 9 8 7
- Used correct - Used correct - Used incorrect - Used incorrect
conditional conditional conditional conditional
including the including the including the including the tense
tense tense tense - No explanation
- Well- - Explained the - Not well- provided
explained argument explained - Five or more
argument evident in the argument due to errors in any of the
evident in the paragraph by insufficient following aspects:
paragraph by using examples details provided grammar, spelling,
using examples and other - Three to four capitalization, and
and other means errors in any of punctuation
means - One to two the following
- No error in errors in any of aspects:
any of the the following grammar,
following aspects: spelling,
aspects: grammar, capitalization,
grammar, spelling, and punctuation
spelling, capitalization,
capitalization, and
and punctuation
punctuation

Congratulations! You have successfully completed this module

13
ANSWER KEY

14
 REFERENCES
Argument. (n.d.). In Dictionary.com dictionary. Retrieved from
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/argument on August 16, 2020.

Cover Photo and Comic Strip made through Cartoon Story Maker v1.1

European Animal Research Association (2019). What animals are used in

coronavirus research? Retrieved from https://www.eara.eu/post/what-
animals-are-used-in-coronavirus-research on August 17, 2020.

The University of North Carolina (n.d.). Conditionals: Verb Tense in “If”

Clauses. Retrieved from https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-
tools/conditionals-verb-tense-in-if-clauses/ on August 15, 2020.

For inquiries or feedback, please write of call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Baguio City
No. 82 Military Cut-off Road, Baguio City
Telefax: 442-4326 / 442-7819
Email Address: depedbaguiocity@gmail.com
Social Media: facebook.com/DepEdTayoBaguioCity

15