COMPUTED

TOMOGRAPHIC
SCAN
 COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCAN

INTRODUCTION:
Structural and functional imaging techniques have evolved to facilitate the rapid
diagnosis and treatment of neurologic disorders. Brain mapping describes the process
of translating the brain into a functionally useful group of dynamic maps or patterns. The
diagnosis and evaluation of neurologic disorders is increasingly guided by functional
brain mapping techniques that detect changes in brain patterns associated with
neuropathology.

Structural or anatomic imaging reveals information about the structure of the

nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. Functional or physiologic imaging
focuses on the function of the brain and biochemical and metabolic processes in brain
cells.

DESCRIPTION

 Computed tomography (CT) scan is a structural imaging study that uses a

computer-based X-ray to provide a cross-sectional image of the brain. A
computer calculates differences in tissue absorption of the X-ray beams. The CT
produces a three-dimensional view of structures in the brain and distinguishes
between soft tissues and water. I.V. contrast dye may be used to examine the
integrity of the blood-brain barrier.
 CT is primarily used to detect tumors and inflammatory disorders. Spinal CT scan
may be used to evaluate lower back pain due to herniated intervertebral disk or
other spinal lesions.
 Advantages of CT: Widespread availability, short imaging time, excellent images
of bone, and 100% sensitivity for detection of cerebral hemorrhage. CT scans
can be used for patients with metallic implants or electronic devices where other
techniques are contraindicated.
  Disadvantages of CT: Does not provide information about function of tissues;
exposes the patient to ionizing radiation.
 Preferred procedure for detection of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and other
rapidly evolving neurologic disorders. When magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
is contraindicated, CT is often the scan of choice.

NURSING AND PATIENT CARE CONSIDERATIONS

Essential nursing interventions include preparation for the procedure and patient
monitoring.

 Instruct patient to remove metal items, such as earrings, eyeglasses, and hair
clips.
 Ask whether patient has an allergy to iodine or history of previous allergy to I.V.
dye, to determine if premedication is indicated for prevention of allergic reaction
to the contrast agent.
 Tell patient to expect a sensation of feeling flushed if contrast dye is injected
through the I.V. catheter.
 Inform patient that the procedure normally takes 10 to 30 minutes.
 Request that patient remain as immobile as possible during the examination.
 Tell patient to resume usual activities after the procedure.
 Encourage increased fluid intake for the rest of the day to assist in expelling the
contrast dye.

CONCLUSION

CT scan is used widely in clinical practice for diagnosis of various neurological

and other disorders. A nurse must know to prepare the patient physically and
psychologically for the procedure.
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