TRANSFORMER

Topic Outlines
Basic Questions Cooling
▪ DC/AC ▪ Methods
▪ Tr under load/no load ▪ Effect on rating
▪ KVA/KW ▪ Oil in Transformer
▪ Functions
Classifications Testing
▪ Power/Distribution - ▪ Insulation (Dielectric Test)
▪ Oil/Dry ▪ Voltage Tests
▪ Three phase / Single phase Tr ▪ Tests for Parameters
▪ Oil tests
Manufacturing
▪ Specs
▪ Core ▪ Rating :MVA/MW
▪ Winding ▪ Importance of Z%?
▪ Tap Changer ▪ K-Factor
▪ Vector group
Name plate Reading
 Basic Questions

1- Can we use a 10:1 Tr for step up or down and for any voltage?

2- Can we Use the Tr with DC?

Basic Questions

3- The value of the primary current is usually small while the

secondary side is opened. Why?

4- How does the primary current change with the load changing?
Basic Questions

5- Rating : MVA or MW?

6- What is the difference between :

• A three phase 150Amp Tr and,
• A three phase 300 kVA Tr
 Transformer Types (Classifications)

1- According to Application:
▪ Power Tr. for Transmission networks,

▪ Distribution Tr. For distribution networks,

▪ Measuring Tr (CT and VT)

▪ power supply,

▪ circuit isolation;

2. According to number of phases

▪ Single-phase
▪ Poly-phase

3. According to method of cooling

• Air–cooled (dry type)

• Liquid-immersed, oil-cooled
Other Classifications
❑ Power/Distribution
❑ Oil/Dry
❑ Three phase / Single phase Tr
 TR. Manufacturing

• Core (iron/air)
• Winding
 Core Laminations

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 Oil In Tr

• Four Functions
• Cooling (Impact on Rating)
• 20/30MVA
Testing (P 232)

▪ Insulation (Dielectric Test)

▪ Voltage Tests
▪ Tests for Parameters
▪ Oil tests
 Accessories In Tr

• Bushings
• Fans
• Radiator
• Silicone gel
Parallel Operation
– Polarity (P113)
– Adv/Dis adv of parallel op
 Polarity

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 • Two identical Transformers
Bus section will not yet closed

HV side is leading
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 Two identical Transformers
Bus section is closed

No circulating Current after closing the bus section

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 Two NON identical Transformers
Bus section is not yet closed

LV side is leading
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 Two NON identical Transformers
Bus section is closed

High circulating Current almost 5 kA between the two transformers

Note: that the loads are open

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 Switching two phases in secondary and primary
sides in one transfer will solve the previous problem

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‫)المرجع في المحوالت ‪Tap Changer In Tr (P101‬‬
Vector group (P119‫) المرجع في المحوالت‬

What is meant by Dyn11?

HV-side protection elements
TR Secondary CB’ Rated Current
SCC of TR Secondary CB
Impedance percentage
• What is the importance of X%
– Short Circuit calculations
– Voltage drop Calculations
Impact of Harmonics
K-Factor (P 880 ‫)هندسة القوى‬

❑ K-factor is a weighting of the harmonic load currents according to their

effects on transformer heating, as derived from ANSI/IEEE C57.110.
❑ A K-factor of 1.0 indicates a linear load (no harmonics).
❑ The higher the K-factor, the greater the harmonic heating effects.
Name Plate
Reading
Name Plate

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