Inter Material Istyearem Mathsia 04 - 03 - Multiple - Products

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MULTIPLE PRODUCTS - 1
EXERCISE – 4(b)
I. Very Short Answer Questions:

π 2
1. p = 2 , q = 3 and ( p, q) = then find p × q
6
2 2 2 2
Sol: p × q = p q sin ( p q )
1
= 4×9× = 9
4

2. If a = 2i − j + k b = i − 3 j − 5k then find a × b

i j k

Sol: a × b = 2 −1 1
1 −3 −5

= i(5 + 3) − j (−10 − 1) + k (−6 + 1)

a × b = 8i + 11 j − 5k

a × b = 64 + 121 + 25 = 210

3. If a = 2i − 3 j + k ( )
b = i + 4 j − 2k then find ( a + b) × a − b .

Sol: ( )
(a + b) × a − b = a × a − a × b + b × a − b × b

= 2b × a {∵ −a × b = b × a}

i j k

b×a = 1 4 −2
2 −3 1

= i(4 − 6) − j (1 + 4) + k (−3 − 8)

= −2i − 5 j − 11k
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∴ (a + b) × (a − b) = 2b × a

(
= −2 2i + 5 j + 11k )
2p
4. If 4i + j + pk is parallel to the vector i + 2 j + 3k then find p.
3
2p
Sol: Let a = 4i + j + pk
3

b = i + 2 j + 3k

i j k
2p
∵a b a×b = 0 ⇒ 4 p =0
3
1 2 3
2p
i (2 p − 2 p) − j (12 − p ) + k (8 − ) = 0
3
2p
∴12 − p = o and 8 − =0
3
∴ p = 12

5. Compute a × (b + c) + b × (c + a) + c × (a + b)

Sol: a×b + a×c + b×c + b×a + c×a + c×b

a×b + a×c + b×c − a×b − a×c − b×c = 0
2
6. If p = xi + y j + zk then find p × k
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Sol: p × k = p k − ( p.k ) ∵ a × b = a b − (a.b) 2

( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )(1) − {( xi + y j + zk ).k}2
( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) − {z}2 = x 2 + y 2
k

7. Compute 2 j × (3i − 4k ) + (i + 2 j ) × k
j
Sol: 6 j ×i −8 j × k + i× k + 2 j × k

−6k − 8i − j + 2i i

−6i − j − 6k

8. Find unit vector perpendicular to both i + j + k and 2i + j + 3k

Sol: Let a = i + j + k b = 2i + j + 3k

i kj

a × b = 1 1 1 = i (3 − 1) j (3 − 2) + k (1 − 2)
2 1 3

a × b = 2i − j − k

a+b
Unit vector ⊥ to both a & b = ±
r
a×b

(2i − j − k )(2i − j − k )
=± =±
22 + 12 + 12 6

9. If θ is the angle between the vectors i + j and j + k then find sin θ

Sol: a =i+ j, b= j+k

a×b
sin θ =
a b

i j k

a × b = 1 1 0 = i (1 − 0) − j (1 − 0) + k (1 − 0)
0 1 1

=i− j+k

a×b = 3 a = 2, b = 2
3 3
sin θ = =
2× 2 2

10. Find the area of the parallelogram having a = 2 j − k and b = −i − k as
adjacent sides

Sol: Area of parallelogram a × b

i j k

a × b = 0 2 −1 = i (2 − 0) − j (0 − 1) + k (0 + 2)
−1 0 1

a × b = 2i + j + 2 k

Area = a × b = 22 + 12 + 22 = 3

11. Find the area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are 3i + j − 2k and

i − 3 j + 4k
1
Sol: area of parallelogram = a × b where a , b are diagonals
2

i j k

a × b = 3 1 −2 = i (4 − 6) − j (12 + 2) + k (−9 − 1)
1 −3 4

a × b = −2i − 14 j − 10k
1 1 264
Area = a×b = 4 + 196 + 100 =
2 2 4
300
= = 75 = 5 3
4

12. Find the area of the triangle having 3i + j and −5i + 7 j as two of its sides
1
Sol: Area = a×b
2

i j k

a × b = 3 4 0 = k (21 + 20) = 41k
−5 7 0
1 41
Area = 41k =
2 2
13. Find the unit vector perpendicular to the plane determined by the vectors

a = 4i + 3 j − k and b = 2i − 6 j − 3k

i j k

Sol: a × b = 4 3 −1 = i (−9 − 6) − j (−12 + 2) + k (−24 − 6)
2 −6 −3

a × b = −15i + 10 j − 30k

a×b
The unit vector ⊥ a × b = ±
r
a×b

(−15i + 10 j − 30k )
=±
225 + 100 + 900

(−15i + 10 j − 30k )
=±
35

(3i − 2 j + 6k )
=±
7
14. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are A (1, 2, 3), B (2, 3, 1) and
C (3, 1, 2)

Sol: AB = (2 − 1)i + (3 − 2) j + (1 − 3)k

i + j − 2k

AC = (3 − 1)i + (1 − 2) j + (2 − 3)k

= 2i − j − k
1
Area of triangle = AB × AC
2

i j k

( AB × AC ) = 1 1 −2
2 − 1 −1

= i(−1 − 2) − j (−1+) + k (−1 − 2)

= −3i − 3 j − 3k
1
Area = −3i − 3 j − 3k
2
1 3 3
= 9+9+9 =
2 2
II. Short Answer Questions:

1. If a + b + c = 0 then prove that a × b = b × c = c × a

Sol: Given that a + b + c = 0 → (1)

a × ( a + b + c ) = 0 Taking cross product with a .

a×a + a×b + a×c = 0

a × b = −a × c

a × b = c × a → (2)

Taking cross product with b on both sides

b × (a + b + c) = 0

b×a + b×b + b×c = 0

b × c = −b × a

b × c = a × b → (3)
From (2)&(3)

a×b = b×c = c×a

2. If a = 2i + j − k , b = −i + 2 j − 4k and then find ( a × b ).(b × c )

i j k

Sol: a×b = 2 1 −1 = i (−4 + 2) − j (−8 − 1) + k (4 + 1)
−1 2 −4

= −2i + 9 j + 5k

i j k

b × c = −1 2 −4 = i (2 + 4) − j (−1 + 4) + k (−1 − 2)
1 1 1

= 6i − 3 j − 3k

( )( )
a × b . b × c = (−2i + 9 j + 5k ).(6i − 3 j − 3k )
= -12 – 27 – 15 = - 54
3. Find the vector area and the are of the parallelogram having

i j k

Sol: a×b = 1 2 −1 = i (4 − 1) − j (2 + 2) + k (−1 − 4)
2 −1 2

= 3i − 4 j − 5k

Vector area of parallelogram = 3i − 4 j − 5k

Area of parallelogram = 3i − 4 j − 5k
= 32 + 42 + 52 = 50 = 5 2

4. If a × b = b × c ≠ 0 then show that a + c = pb where p is some scalar.

Sol: a×b = b×c

a×b −b×c = 0

a×b + c×b= 0 ∵ c × b = −b × c

(a + c) × b = 0

∴ a + c And b are parallel

∴ a + c = pb Where p is a scalar

5. Let a and b be vectors satisfying a = b = 5 and ( a , b ) = 450 . Find the

triangle having a − 2b and 3a + 2b as two of its sides
1
Sol: Area of triangle = (a − 2b) × (3a + 2b)
2
1
= 3a × a + 2a × b − 6b × a − 4b × b)
2

= 4 a×b

= 4 a b sum(a, b)
1
= 4× 5× 5× = 50 2
2

6. Find the vector having magnitude 6 units and perpendicular to both 2i − k

and 3 j − i − k

Sol: Let a = 2i − k b = 3 j − i − k be the given vectors.

Vector ⊥ r to both a and b = a × b

i j k

a×b = 2 0 −1
− 1 3 −1

= i (0 + 3) − j ( −2 − 1) + k (6 − 0)

= 3i + 3 j + 6 k

a×b
Unit vector ⊥ both a & b = ±
r
a×b

(3i + 3 j + 6k )
=±
9 + 9 + 36

( 3i + 3 j + 6 k )
Vector ⊥ r to both a & b and of magnitude is = ± 6
3 6

∴ Required vector = ± (i + j + 2 k )
7. Find a unit vector perpendicular to the plane determined by the points
P (1, -1, 2), Q (2, 0, -1), R(0, 2, 1)

Sol: PQ = OQ − OP

= (2 − 1)i + (0 + 1) j + ( −1 − 2) k

PQ = i + j − 3k

PR = (OR − OP )

= (0 − 1)i + (2 + 1) j + (1 − 2) k

= −i + 3 j − k

( PQ × PR )
Unit vector ⊥ r to plane = ±
PQ × PR

i j k

PQ × PR = 1 1 −3
−1 3 −1

= i ( −1 + 9) − j ( −1 − 3) + k (3 + 1)

= 8i + 4 j + 4k

(8i + 4 j + 4k )
Unit vector = ±
64 + 16 + 16

4 (2i + j + k )
=±
4 6
1
=± (2i + j + k )
6

8. If a.b = a.c and a × b = a × c , a ≠ 0 then show that b = c

Sol: a.b = a.c

a.b − a.c = 0

a.(b − c ) = 0

a = 0 Or b − c = 0 or a ⊥ r b − c

a×b = a×c

⇒ a×b − a×c = 0

a × (b − c ) = 0

a = 0 Or b − c = 0 or a parallel (b − c )

a ⊥ r (b − c )

And a parallel b − c are not passible at a linear

∴ a = 0 or b − c = 0

a=0 b=c

But a ≠ 0 ∴b = c
9. Find a vector of magnitude 3 and perpendicular to both the vectors

b = 2i − 2 j + k and c = 2i + 2 j + 3k

i j k

Sol: b × c 2 −2 1
2 2 3

= i ( −6 − 2) − j (6 − 2) + k (4 + )

= −8i − 4 j + 8k

(b × c)
Unit vector ⊥ to b & c = ±
r
(b × c)

(−8i − 4 j + 8k )
=±
64 + 16 + 64

4 (2i + j − 2k
=±
12

∴ Vector of magnitude 3 is ± (2i + j − 2 k )

10. If a = 13 , b = 5 and a.b = 60 find a × b
2 2 2
Sol: a × b = a b sin 2 (a, b)
2 2 2 2
= a b − a b cos 2 (a, b)
2 2
= a b − ( a, b) 2
= (13)2 × 52 − (60)2
= 169 x 25 – 3600
= 4225 – 3600
= 625

a × b = 625 = 25
11. Find the unit vector perpendicular to the plane passing through the points
(1, 2, 3) (2, -1, 1) and (1, 2 -40)

OA = i + 2 j + 3k 

Sol: Let OB = 2i − j + k  be the given position vectors

OC = i + 2 j − 4k 

AB = OB − OA

= i − 3 j − 2k

AC = OC − OA

= −7k

Unit vector ⊥ r to the plane = AB × AC

i j k

AB × AC = 1 −3 −2
0 0 −7

= i (21 − 0) − j ( −7) + k (0 − 0)

= 21i + 7 j

( AB × AC )
Unit vector ⊥ to plane = ±
r
AB × AC

(21i + 7 j )
=±
441 + 49

7 (3i + j )
=±
7 10
III. Long Answer Questions:

1. If a, b and c represent the vertices A, B and C respectively of ∆ABC then

prove that (a × b) + (b × c) + (c × a) is twice the are of ∆ABC .

Sol: Let OA = a , OB = b and OC = c be the given position vectors

AB = OB − OA = b − a

AC = OC − OA = c − a
1
Area of triangle ABC = AB × AC
2
1
= (b − a) × (c − a )
2
1
= b×c −b×a − a×c + a×a
2
1
= b×c + a×b + c× a
2
1
Area of triangle ABC = a×b + b×c + c× a
2

2 (area of triangle ABC ) = = a × b + b × c + c × a

2. If a = 2i + 3 j + 4k b = i + j − k and c = i − j + k then compute a × (b × c ) and

verity that it is perpendicular to a

i j k

Sol: b×c = 1 1 −1
1 −1 1

= i (1 − 1) − j (1 + 1) + k ( −1 − 1)

= −2 j − 2 k

i j k

a × (b × c ) = 2 3 4
0 −2 −2

= i ( −6 + 8) − j ( −4 − 0) + k ( −4 − 0)

= 2i + 4 j − 4 k

{(a × (b × c)}.a = (2i + 4 j + 4k ).(2i + 3 j + 4k )
= 4+ 12 – 16 = 0

∴ a × (b × c ) is ⊥ r a

3. If a = 7i − 2 j + 3k , b = 2i + 8k and c = i + j + k then a × b , a × c and a × (b × c )
vertify whether the cross product is distubutive over vector addities

i j k

Sol: a × b = 7 −2 3 = i (−16 − 0) − j (56 − 6) + k (0 + 4)
2 0 8

a × b = −16i − 50 + 4k

i j k

a × c = 7 −2 3 = i (−2 − 3) − j (7 − 3) + k (7 + 2)
1 1 1

= −5i + 4 j + 9k

a × c = −8i + 6 j + 2k

a × c + a × c = ( −16i − 50 j + 4k ) + ( −5i − 4 j + 9k )

= −21i − 54 j + 13k

b + c = 2i + 8k + i + j + k

= 3i + j + 9k

i j k

a × (b + c) = 7 −2 3
3 1 9

= i ( −18 − 3) − j (63 − 9) + k (7 + 6)

= −21i − 54 j + 13k

∴ a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c

4. If a = i + j + k , c = j − k then find vector b such that a × b = c and a.b = 3

Sol: Let b = b1 i + b2 j + b3 k

a.b = 3 ⇒ b1 + b2 + b3 = 3

a×b = c

i j k

1 1 1 = j−k
b1 b2 b3

i (b3 − b2 ) − j (b3 − b1 ) + k (b2 − b1 ) = j − k
b3 − b2 = 0 b1 − b3 = 1 b2 − b1 = −1
b3 − b2 b1 − b3 = 1
b1 − b2 = 1
b1 = 1 + b2
Sub b1 , b2 , b3 in
b1 + b2 + b3 = 3
1 + b2 + b2 + b3 = 3 ⇒ b2 = 2 / 3 , b3 = 2 / 3
b2 − b1 = −1
2 5
+ 1 = b1 ⇒ b1 =
3 3

b = b1 i + b2 j + b3 k
1
= (5i + 2 j + 2k )
3
5. If A, B, C and D are four points then show that

AB × CD + BC × AD + CA × BD is four times the area of ∆ABC
Sol: let A be the origin of vectors

AB × CD + BC × AD + CA × BD

AB ( AD − AC ) + ( AC − AB) × AD − AC × ( AD − AB)

AB × AD − AB × AC + AC × AD − AB × AD − AC × AD + AC × AB

− AB × AC − AC × AB = 2 − AB × AC
1
= 4× AB × AC
2
= 4 (are of triangle ABC)
6. If A1 , A2 , A3 .... An are the vertices of a regular polygon with n sides and ‘O’ is
n −1

the centre show that ∑ OAj × OAj +1 = (1 − n)(OA2 × OA1 )
j =1
Sol: since A1 , A2 , A3 ..... An are vertices of a regular polygen
OA1 , A2 Are of OA2 , A3 = .... area of triangle OAn −1 , An

n −1
∑ j
OA
j =1
× OA j +1 = OA 1 × OA 2 + OA 2 × OA3 + OA3 × OA 4 + ....OA n −1 × OA n

Since OA1 × OA2 = OA2 × OA3 = ....
n −1

∑ OA × OA
j =1
j j +1 = (n − 1)OA1 × OA2

= (1 − n) OA2 × OA1

7. If a, b, c are three vectors of equal magnitudes and each of them is incline at

an angle 600 to the other it a + b + c = 6 , then find a

Sol: Given that (a, b) = 600 , (b, c ) = 600 , (c, a ) = 600

a =b=c

a+b+c = 6
S.O.B.s
2 2 2
a + b + c = 2 a b cos 600 + 2 b c cos 600 + 2 a c cos 600 = 6
2 2 2 2
3a + a + a + a =6 ∵a = b = c
2 2
a =1 ⇒ a =1

8. For any two vectors a and b show that
{ }{ }
2 2 2 2
1 + a 1 + b = 1 − a.b + a + b + a × b
2 2
Sol: R.H.S 1 − a.b + a + b + a × b
2 2 2
1 + (a.b) 2 − 2 (a.b) a + b + 2 a.b + 2b.(a × b) + 2a.(+ a × b) + a × b

Here a × b is ⊥ r a & b

a.( a × b) = 0 And b.( a × b) = 0
2 2 2 2
1 + (a.b) 2 + a + b + 0 + 0 + a b − (a.b) 2
2 2 2
∵ a × b = a b − (a.b) 2
{ } { }
2 2 2
∵ 1+ a + b 1+ a
{1 + a }{1 + b } = R.H .S
2 2

9. If a, b, c are unit vectors such that a is perpendicular to the plane of b, c and
π
the angle between b and c is then find a + b + c .
3

Sol: a is perpendicular to the plane of b, c

∵ a.b = 0 a.c = 0
π
(b, c) = a = 1 , b = 1, c = 1
3
2
a+b+c = a+b+c
2 2 2
= a + b + c + 2a.b + 2b.c + 2c − a
π
1 + 1 + 1 + 2(0) + 2 b c cos + 0
3
1
3+ 2 × =2
2

(a × d ).b = ( −11i − 13 j + 10k ).(−i + 3 j + 2k )
= 11 – 39 + 20 = - 8

( a × d ).c − ( a × d ).b
-88 – (- 8)
-88 + 8 = - 80

Inter Material Istyearem Mathsia 04 - 03 - Multiple - Products

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Inter Material Istyearem Mathsia 04 - 03 - Multiple - Products

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I. Very Short Answer Questions:

II. Short Answer Questions:

7. Find a unit vector perpendicular to the plane determined by the points

P (1, -1, 2), Q (2, 0, -1), R(0, 2, 1)

9. Find a vector of magnitude 3 and perpendicular to both the vectors

III. Long Answer Questions:

5. If A, B, C and D are four points then show that

Sol: let A be the origin of vectors

= 4 (are of triangle ABC)

Sol: since A1 , A2 , A3 ..... An are vertices of a regular polygen

OA1 , A2 Are of OA2 , A3 = .... area of triangle OAn −1 , An

n −1

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