ARUNACHAL PRADESH

THE LAND OF RISING SUN

 Meet Our "Expert" Team

MEHAR LIPI PRIYANSHI ANJALEE RIDDHIMA

 INDEX
Geographical features Cuisine Language(s)
PAGES 04 - 09 PAGES 10 - 15 PAGES 16 - 20

Customs/ traditions Feativals

PAGES 21 - 26 PAGES 27 -- 33
 The Wonders of
Arunachal Pradesh's
Geography
98% of the geographical area is land. Most of
this land state is hilly terrain, with flat land
covering about 4,450 km? (1,720 sq mi).
Water covers 2% of the area. It is the 14th
largest among the states and union territories
of India by area.

Over 80 per cent of Arunachal Pradesh is

covered with thick evergreen forests and it
has

trekking, angling, boating and rafting. Its upper

reaches are just great for adventure
tourism.

Relief range varies between plains that are a

few hundred meters in height and mountains
 Physical features of Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh is blessed with a diverse range of physical features that contribute to its scenic beauty
and ecological significance. Here are the major physical features of Arunachal Pradesh:
1. Himalayan Ranges: Arunachal Pradesh lies in the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, and it is
characterized by its location in the Eastern Himalayas. The state shares its border with Tibet (China) in the
north, and the mighty Himalayan ranges run along its northern boundary. These ranges consist of several
peaks, including Kangto, Nyegi Kangsang, Gorichen, and many others.
2. Valleys: Arunachal Pradesh is dotted with numerous valleys that lie between the mountain ranges. These
valleys are often surrounded by hills and offer breathtaking landscapes. Some notable valleys in the state
include Ziro Valley, Tawang Valley, Dirang Valley, Kameng Valley, and Lohit Valley.
3. Rivers: Arunachal Pradesh is crisscrossed by several major rivers originating from the Himalayas. These
rivers not only add to the scenic beauty but also provide water resources and support diverse
ecosystems. The major rivers in the state include the Brahmaputra, Siang (known as the Tsangpo in Tibet),
Subansiri, Lohit, Kameng, Dibang, and Tirap.
4. High Mountain Passes: The mountainous terrain of Arunachal Pradesh is punctuated by high mountain
passes that provide access to different regions. Some notable passes in the state are the Sela Pass (at an
altitude of about 4,170 meters), Bum La Pass, Bomdila Pass, and Pangsau Pass.
5. Glaciers: Arunachal Pradesh is home to several glaciers, which contribute to the formation and
sustenance of rivers in the region. These glaciers are found in high-altitude areas and are crucial for
maintaining the ecological balance. The major glaciers in the state include the Milam Glacier,
Kangchengyao Glacier, and Gorichen Glacier.
6. National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries: Arunachal Pradesh boasts rich biodiversity, and it is home to
several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. These protected areas preserve the diverse flora and
fauna of the region. Namdapha National Park, Mouling National Park, Sessa Orchid Sanctuary, Pakhui
Wildlife Sanctuary, and Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary are some of the significant conservation areas in the
state.
7. Forests: The state is covered with dense forests that contribute to its ecological wealth. These forests
consist of a variety of tree species and provide habitats for numerous animal and bird species. The forests
in Arunachal Pradesh are classified as tropical, subtropical, and temperate forests, reflecting the diversity
of vegetation in the state.
Tawang Monastery, also known as Galden
Namgyal Lhatse, is a significant Buddhist
monastery located in Tawang district. It is
the largest monastery in India and the
second-largest in the world, with a capacity
of around 700 monks. The monastery is an
excellent example of Tibetan architecture
and is home to several valuable artifacts,
scriptures, and images of Buddha. It is a
must-visit destination in Arunachal Pradesh
for spiritual seekers and tourists interested
in culture and history.
SOME OTHER
GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES
1. Eastern Himalayas: Arunachal Pradesh is a part of the Eastern
Himalayas, and the state is characterized by its mountainous terrain.
The easternmost peaks of the Himalayan range, including Kangto, Nyegi
Kangsang, and Gorichen, are located in Arunachal Pradesh.
2. Great Himalayan Range: The state is bordered by the Great Himalayan
Range in the north, which forms a natural boundary between Arunachal
Pradesh and Tibet (China). The peaks of this range are covered with
snow throughout the year.
3. Brahmaputra River: The Brahmaputra River, one of the major rivers of
Asia, flows through Arunachal Pradesh. It originates from the
Chemayungdung Glacier in Tibet and enters India through Arunachal
Pradesh. The river meanders through the state, creating deep valleys
and gorges.
4. Ziro Valley: Ziro Valley is a picturesque valley located in the Lower
Subansiri district of Arunachal Pradesh. Surrounded by pine-clad
mountains, it is known for its rice fields, which are considered among
the oldest cultivated fields in the world
 SOME OTHER
GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES
1. Tawang Valley: Tawang Valley, situated at an elevation of about 3,048
meters (10,000 feet), is a scenic valley in Arunachal Pradesh. It is home to
the famous Tawang Monastery, one of the largest Buddhist monasteries in
India.
2. Namdapha National Park: Located in the Changlang district, Namdapha
National Park is the largest protected area in Arunachal Pradesh. It is known
for its rich biodiversity, including tropical and subtropical forests, rare
mammal species like the snow leopard and clouded leopard, and diverse
bird species.
3. Sela Pass: Sela Pass is a high-altitude mountain pass situated at an elevation
of about 4,170 meters (13,700 feet) in Tawang district. It offers breathtaking
views of the surrounding snow-capped mountains and is often covered in
snow.
4. Dibang Valley: Dibang Valley, located in the Upper Dibang Valley district, is
known for its pristine natural beauty. It is home to the Dibang Wildlife
Sanctuary, which houses several endangered species such as the Mishmi
takin and the red panda.
5. Siang River: The Siang River, also known as the Tsangpo River in Tibet, is
one of the major tributaries of the Brahmaputra River. It enters Arunachal
Pradesh from Tibet and flows through the state, carving deep gorges and
canyons along its course
CUISINE
⦁ A cuisine is a style of cooking
characterized by distinctive ingredients,
and dishes, and usually associated with a
specific culture or geographic region.
Regional food preparation techniques,
customs, and ingredients combine to
enable dishes unique to a region
Arunachal Pradesh
cuisine
01. Introduction
The cuisine of Arunachal Pradesh, a northeastern state in India, is diverse and
influenced by the local tribal cultures and their traditional practices.
Arunachali cuisine is known for its use of a wide variety of meat, including
chicken, pork, fish and wild game such as deer and wild boar.
Some popular Arunachali dishes include Apong (rice beer), bamboo shoots fry,
smoked meat, and traditional stews.

02. Importance
The cuisine of Arunachal Pradesh is characterized by its diverse tribal influences, use
of local ingredients, and non-vegetarian delicacies.
It features a variety of meats, including pork, chicken, beef, and fish, prepared using
smoking, roasting, boiling, or cooking with herbs and spices.
Fermented foods like bamboo shoots and soybeans are commonly used, and unique
cooking techniques such as steaming, boiling, and smoking are employed.
The cuisine incorporates aromatic herbs and spices, indigenous beverages like apong
(rice beer), traditional snacks, and seasonal availability of ingredients.
Festivals showcase special dishes, reflecting the cultural heritage of the region.
Overall, Arunachal Pradesh cuisine is a rich tapestry of flavors, influenced by the local
tribes and their traditional practices.
 Arunachal Pradesh cuisine is a reflection of the
state's diverse tribal communities and natural
resources. It is characterized by the use of
locally sourced ingredients, including a variety
of vegetables, herbs, and meats.

Some Arunachal Pradesh's cuisine includes dishes

Popular like......

dishes
 bamboo shoot dishes hold a significant
place in the cuisine of Arunachal Pradesh.
The use of fermented or pickled bamboo
shoots in various recipes adds a tangy and
slightly sour flavor that is distinct and
unique to the region. Dishes like Pika Pila
showcase the versatility of bamboo
shoots, as they are combined with meat
and flavored with local herbs and spices.
The tender texture and robust flavor of
bamboo shoots create a delightful
contrast and contribute to the overall
culinary experience of Arunachal
Pradesh.

Bamboo Shoot Pika Pila

 Chura Sabji and Momo
Chura Sabji and Momos are two iconic dishes in
Arunachal Pradesh's cuisine. Chura Sabji exemplifies
the simplicity and reliance on local vegetables,
offering a nutritious vegetarian option that
showcases the region's culinary traditions. On the
other hand, Momos have gained widespread
popularity, representing the influence of neighboring
regions and the love for flavorful dumplings. Whether
it's savoring the comforting flavors of Chura Sabji or
indulging in the delightful taste of Momos, these
dishes are a testament to the rich and vibrant food Momo
culture of Arunachal Pradesh.

Chura Sabji
Meat and Rice
Meat and rice are integral components of Arunachal
Pradesh's cuisine, reflecting the region's cultural traditions
and natural resources. Meat, particularly pork, holds a
prominent place in the culinary heritage of the region, with
various cooking techniques employed to preserve and
enhance its flavors. Rice, as the staple food, forms the
foundation of most meals and is cultivated in diverse
indigenous varieties. The combination of meat and rice is
evident in traditional dishes, showcasing the resourcefulness
and culinary preferences of the local communities. The
pairing of meat and rice not only provides a nutritious and
satisfying meal but also reflects the close relationship
between the people of Arunachal Pradesh and their
environment.
 ARUNACHAL PRADESH

Arunachal Pradesh is a linguistically diverse state in northeastern India. It is home to a wide array of languages, reflecting the rich cultural heritage and ethnic
diversity of the region. The official language of Arunachal Pradesh is English, which is used for official and administrative purposes. However, English is not
widely spoken in day-to-day conversations among the local population.
Linguistic Diversity of Arunachal Pradesh
The state of Arunachal Pradesh is known for its high linguistic diversity, with over
100 languages spoken within its borders.
These languages belong to various language families, including Tibeto-Burman, Indo-
Aryan, and Tai-Kadai. Each major tribe and community in the state has its own
distinct language.
Some of the prominent languages spoken in Arunachal Pradesh include Nyishi, Adi,
Galo, Apatani, Tagin, Wancho, Nocte, Tangsa, and Monpa, among others.
These languages not only serve as a means of communication but also represent the
cultural identity and heritage of the respective tribes and communities.
Magor languages
In Arunachal Pradesh, Hindi and English are
widely used as secondary languages, primarily
for communication in official, educational,
and commercial contexts. While Hindi and
English are not native to the region, they have
gained significance due to their status as
national and official languages of India,
respectively.
Major Language
Families
01. Tibeto- Burman
The Tibeto-Burman language family is a large and diverse group of languages
spoken across the Tibetan Plateau, the Himalayan regions, and various parts of
Southeast Asia. In Arunachal Pradesh, several indigenous languages belong to
the Tibeto-Burman family, including Adi, Apatani, Nyishi, Galo, and Monpa.
These languages are primarily spoken by various tribal communities and reflect
the cultural diversity of the region.

02. Indo-Aryan
The Indo-Aryan language family is a branch of the Indo-European language
family and is primarily spoken in the Indian subcontinent. In Arunachal Pradesh,
Hindi, which belongs to the Indo-Aryan family, is spoken as a secondary
language by individuals who have migrated from other parts of India or have
studied in Hindi-medium schools. Hindi is often used for intercultural
communication and commercial purposes.
 Other Languages
Nyishi
The Nyishi language is primarily spoken in the
districts of Papum Pare, Lower Subansiri, Kurung
Kumey, and East Kameng in Arunachal Pradesh. It is
known for its rich oral tradition, with folklore, myths,
and traditional stories being passed down through
generations.
Apatani
The Apatani language is primarily spoken in the Ziro
Valley of Lower Subansiri district in Arunachal
Pradesh. It has several dialectal variations, with
slight differences in vocabulary and pronunciation
among different Apatani villages.
Adi
The Adi language is primarily spoken in the districts
of Upper Siang, East Siang, West Siang, and parts of
Lower Dibang Valley in Arunachal Pradesh. It has
several dialectal variations, with each Adi sub-group
having its own distinct dialect.
Nagin
The Tagin language is primarily spoken in the Upper
Subansiri district of Arunachal Pradesh, particularly
in the Tagin-inhabited areas such as Daporijo,
Dumporijo, and Tali. It has several dialectal
variations, with slight differences in vocabulary and
pronunciation among different Tagin villages
Galo
The Galo language is primarily spoken in the West
Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh, particularly in
the Lower Siang region. It has several dialectal
variations, with different Galo sub-groups having
their own distinct dialects.
Wancho
The Wancho language is primarily spoken in the
Longding and Tirap districts of Arunachal Pradesh,
particularly in the Wancho-inhabited areas. It has
several dialectal variations, with slight differences in
vocabulary and pronunciation among different
Wancho villages.
Customs and
Traditions of
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh, located in northeastern
India, is renowned for its rich cultural heritage
and diverse indigenous tribes.
Arunachal Pradesh's customs and traditions
reflect the cultural diversity and richness of the
state.
The festivals, attire, dances, music, handicrafts,
and culinary
Traditional Attire
and Ornaments
Traditional attire plays a crucial role in preserving
Arunachali culture.
Different tribes have their unique dresses, such as:
Monpa Tribe: "Gho" - a robe-like garment made
from handwoven fabric.
Adi Tribe: "Gale" - a colorful skirt-like garment
adorned with intricate patterns.
Traditional ornaments, such as necklaces,
bracelets, and headgears, are also prominent.
Folk Dances
and Music
Arunachal Pradesh boasts a rich tradition of folk dances
and music.
Some popular folk dances performed by various tribes
include:
Aji Lamu: Monpa tribe's dance expressing joy and
harmony with nature.
Popir: Adi tribe's dance performed during agricultural
festivals, showcasing grace and agility.
Ponung: Galo tribe's dance depicting various aspects of
life and celebrating womanhood.
Music is an integral part, with traditional instruments like
bamboo flutes, gongs, and drums.
 Many tribes in Arunachal Pradesh follow a
traditional system of governance through
village councils.
These councils, known as "Panchayats" or
"Bamboo Parliament," consist of village elders.

Village They play a significant role in decision-making,

conflict resolution, and preserving tribal

Councils and customs.

Governance
Beliefs and
Spiritual Practices
Arunachal Pradesh's tribes have diverse
religious beliefs and spiritual practices.
Animistic beliefs, Buddhism, Hinduism,
and Christianity are prevalent.
Spiritual practices often revolve around
nature, spirits, and ancestor worship.
Handicrafts and Artwork

Arunachal Pradesh is known for its exquisite

handicrafts, reflecting the artistic skills of the
tribes.
Handicrafts include bamboo baskets,
traditional textiles, masks, and ornamental
jewelry.
These items showcase intricate
craftsmanship and the rich cultural heritage.
 ARUNACHAL PRADESH

Arunachal Pradesh, located in northeastern India, is a state known for its diverse ethnic groups and rich cultural heritage. Throughout the year, the state
celebrates a variety of festivals that showcase the traditions, customs, and religious beliefs of its local communities.
The festivals mentioned in the previous answers provide a glimpse into the vibrant festival calendar of Arunachal Pradesh. From Losar, Nyokum, Si-Donyi, and
Mopin, which are agricultural festivals dedicated to deities for a prosperous harvest, to the Ziro Festival of Music, which brings together musical talents from
various backgrounds, each festival has its unique significance and celebrations.
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