PLANT DEVELOPMENT  Basal cell tyrns into suspensor cell

 Terminal cells become embryo

Development  Then it turns into glovular stage
- Progressive and cumulative changes
- Influenced by plant regulators (auxins, Globular Embryo
gibberelins, cytokinins, inhibitors,  Endosperm
ethylene)  Integument
- 3 aspects  Suspensor
o Growth
o Differentiation - transformation Heart-shaped Embryo
o Morphogenesis – 3-d shape/ pattern  2 prominent mounds – become future
cotyledons
Stages of Plant Development
 Fertilization to Seed maturation Torpedo-shaped
 Seed germination to Plant maturation  Cotyledons
 Epicotyl or plumule, embryonic
Types of Plant Growth shoot
 Indeterminate / Open  Plumule – shoot apex
o Roots and stems  Hypocotyl – radicle, embryonic root
o Responds to damage  Seed coat/ testa
 Determinate / Close
o Leaves, flowers, and fruits
o Cannot repair damage Monocot Seed: Zea mays
 Endosperm
Meristems o Aleurone
 Apical Meristems (Primary) o Starchy Layer
o Shoot  Embryo – lighter color at the base
o Root o Scutellum
 Protoderm o Plumule
 Ground Meristem o Coleoptile
 Procambium o Coleorhiza
 Lateral Meristems (Secondary)
Dicot Seed: Phaseolus sp.
Dicot: C. bursa  Outer
 Fruits are ovules containing o Seed coat
developnh and maturing embryos o Hilum
 Pre-embryonic development o Micropyle
 3 stages of embryonic development o Raphe
o Glovular
o Heart-shaped
o Torpedo/y-shaped
Development of Seed
Maturation
 Dormancy
 Seed/Germination
o Imbibition
o Metabolic Rate
o Assimilation and Respiration
o Active cell division and
growth
o Rupture of seed coat
o Sprouting of embryo

Types of Seed Germination

- Epigeal – cotyledon is above ground
- Hypogeal – cotyledon is
underground

Primary Growth
- Development of the Root
o Root cap
o Quiescent center
o Zonation
 Cell division
 Cell elongation
 Cell maturation

Meristematic Zone
- Primary Meristems
o Protoderm
o Ground Meristem
o Procambium

Development of the Shoot

- Shoot apex
o Apical Meristem
 Tunica – periclinal
 Corpus
o Leaf primordia
o Axillary buds
o 3 zones