INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

RELATED LAWS/RESOURCES:

1. BUCOR ACT OF 2013 - R.A 10575

2. BJMP MANUAL – R.A 6975
3. R.A 9263 – BJMP/BFP PROFESSIONALIZATION ACT OF 2004

INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES:

 INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS (ICCPR)

 PROCLAMATION NO. 551, S. 1955 - declaring the last week of OCTOBER as the National
Correctional consciousness week. (NACOCOW)
 UN Standard Minimum Rules for the treatment of prisoners

PHILIPPINE CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

 Under the office of the President / Under the executive branch of the government

PHILIPPINE CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM THAT COMPOSED TRI BUREAU

1. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

- Under City, Municipal and District Jail – supervision and control
- Provincial Jails- in-charged Local Government units(LGU)/ Local Government Executive
(LGE)
- Under BJMP Below 3year
2. DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT
- Children In Conflict with Law
- In-charged the Youth offender
3. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
- National Prisoners
- under BUCOR punishment more than 3 years

IMPORTANT TERMS

PRISON – BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS (BUCOR)

 3years above

JAIL – BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY (BJMP)

 3years above

LOCK-UP JAIL – PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP)

 Purpose for Temporary Detention

DETENTION CENTER – NATIONAL BUREAU INVESTIGATION (NBI), Bureau of Investigation(BI),

National Intelligence Coordinating Agency(NICA), PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT
AGENCY(PDEA), etc
  Temporary Detention

CUSTODIAL CAMP – Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)

BAHAY PAG-ASA – DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT (DSWD )

TRIADS OF INSTITUTION CORRECTION

1. CORRECTION
- Reformation, Rehabilitation and Education of prisoners (RRE)
2. PENOLOGY
- Punishment
3. PENAL MANAGEMENT
- Controlling ex. escort means the process of transferring the Prisoners from one penal
institution to other pernal institution.
 Penology also known as Penal Science
 Golden Age of Penology – 1870-1880
 18th Century - Century of change, the period of recognizing human dignity (the age of
enlightenment also known as the REFORMATION ERA).
 Correction-CSR - criminal offenders.
 Correctional Administration – CTR
 Punishment vs Penalty

DEATH: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

 DEATH BY HANGING
 DEATH WITH DISSECTION
 ASPHYXIATION OR STRANGULATION
 BOILING TO DEATH
 BURNING
 CRUCIFIXION
 BEHEADING
 DROWNING
 ELECTROCUTION kinds of death penalty here in Philippines
 LETHAL INJECTION subtance/chemical (SODIUM THIOPENTAL/PENTHOUTAL)
 SHOOTING who is the personalities through shooting (DOCTOR JOSE RIZAL)
 STARVATION AND DEHYDRATION
 DEATH FLIGHTS

THE SCHOOL OF PENOLOGY

1. CLASSICAL SCHOOL
- Free will – people has the right to choose what is right from what is wrong
2. NEO-CLASSICAL SCHOOL
- Neo(New) – children and Lunatics should not be regarded regards as criminal
3. POSITIVE SCHOOL
 - Scientific Study of Punishment/Crime

JUSTIFICATION ON THEORIES OF PUNISHMENT

1. RETRIBUTION – REVENGE/ harsh punishment of king Hammurabi code

2. EXPIATION OR ATONEMENT – Group Vengeance/Group Revenge
3. DETERRENCE OR EXEMPLARY – gives lessons to the other person/individuals
4. PROTECTION – by PLACING the offender/prisoner in PRISON
5. REFORMATION - to rehabilitate offender /REHABILITATION
- He is now law abiding citizen

JUDICIAL CONDITIONS OF PENALTY

1. PRODUCTIVE
- without affecting human integrity
2. COMMENSURATE
- just desert meaning the punishment should fit the crime
3. PERSONAL
- no proxy /no one should be imprisoned or should jail for the crime committed by
another person.
4. LEGAL
- accordance with law
5. EQUAL
- fairness
6. CERTAIN
- no one may escapes from it’s effect
7. CORRECTIONAL
- Reform

THE BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS (BUCOR)

PRISONS AND PENAL FARM IN THE PHILIPPINES

WHAT IS PRISON?

 Greco Roman word Presidio from the word “pre” means BEFORE and “Sidio” means INSIDE
 The coin term Presidio is synonymous to a fence , cave and or dungeon.
 A penitentiary, and institution for the imprisonment (incarceration) of persons convicted of
major/serious crimes.
 A building, usually with cells, or other places established for the purpose of taking safe custody
or confinement of criminals.
 A place of confinement for those charged with or convicted or offenses against the laws of the
land.

BUREAU OF CORRECTION
  The Bureau of Prisons(old) was created by virtue of re-organization Act of 1905 the no. 1407
dated November 1, 1905, but was renamed as the Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR) under the
Department of Justice by virtue of Administrative Code of 1987 issued on November 23, 1989
and Proclamation no. 495 of the President of the Philippines
 the Bureau of Corrections has general supervision and control of all national prisoners of
penitentiaries.
 It is charged with the safekeeping of all insular Prisoners confined therein or committed to the
custody of the Bureau.

OLD BILIBID PRISON

 The first panel institution that was constructed in 1847 for the purpose being the central place of
confinement for the Filipino prisoners. It is pursuant to section 1708 of the Revised
Administrative Code.
 In 1936, the city of Manila exchanges its Muntinlupa property with the Bureau of Prisons
originally intended as the site for boys’ training school. Today, the Old Bilibid Prison is now being
used as the Manila City Jail, famous as the “May Halique Estate” is affected by placing offenders
in prison so that society will be ensured from further criminal deprecations of criminals.

SAN RAMON PRISON AND PANEL FARM

 establish on August 21, 1869 by virtue of Royal Degree in 1865 located at Zamboanga City to
confine Muslim rebels and political prisoners opposed to the Spanish rule.
 It was destroyed during Spanish-American war, was re-established in 1907 but it was in January
1, 1915 when it was placed under the auspices of the Bureau of Prisons and started receiving
prisoners in Mindanao.

NEW BILIBID PRISON

- it was constructed on 1936. A national prison with 552 hectare lot in Muntinlupa, Rizal.
- New Bilibid Prisons (Main Building)
- Camp Sampaguita
- Camp Bukang Liwayway
LIMIN-SAMED
LIMIN – LIWAYWAY – MINIMUM PRISONERS
SAMED – SAMPAGUITA – MEDIUM PRISONERS

MAIN BUILDING – MAXIMUM PRISONERS

IWAHIG PANEL COLONY

 - located at Puerto Princesa Palawan. Originally established to house incorrigibles or those
prisoners beyond reform.
- this institution has no walls and is considered as one of the best open institutions in the
world. It sits on a 36,000 hectare lot and divided into four colonies namely; Sta. Lucia,
Inawagan, Montible and Central Sub-colony.

CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR WOMEN

- it is the only penal institution for women and was established on November 27, 1929 in
an 18 hectare lot located in Mandaluyong, Rizal by virtue of Act no. 3579 to be intended
for the confinement of women convicts.

DAVAO PENAL COLONY AND FARM

- founded by General Paulino Santos. DAPECOL was established on January 21, 1932 in
compliance with Act 3732 and proclamation 414 series of 1931.
- The colony is divided into two sub-colonies namely the Panabo and Kapalong sub-
colony.

SABLAYAN PENAL COLONY FARM

- built on September 26, 1954 through the proclamation no 72. The Sablayan Penal
Colony was constructed in a 16, 000 hectare lot located in Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro.

LEYTE REGIONAL PRISON

- Constructed in Abuyog, Leyte. it was established on January 16, 1973 through

Proclamation no. 1101 to confine prisoners from Visayas.

SILIDS-OPAIDZ (ACRONYM)
S – SABLAYAN – Matatagpuan sa OCCIDENTAL MINDORO
I – IWAHIG – Matatagpuan sa PALAWAN
L – LEYTE – Matatagpuan sa ABUYOG LEYTE
I – ILOILO – Matatagpuan sa ILOILO CITY
D – DEPACOL – Matatagpuan sa DAVAO
S – SAN RAMON – Matatagpuan sa ZAMBOANGA

WHO IS PRISONER?

- A prisoner is a person who is under the custody of lawful authority.

- A person, who by reason of his criminal sentence or by a decision issued by a court,
maybe deprived of his liberty or freedom.
 - A prisoner is any person detained/ confined in jail or prison for the commission of a
criminal offense or convicted and serving in a political institution.
- A person committed to jail or prison by a competent authority for any of the following
reasons; to serve a sentence after conviction, trial, and investigation.

THREE(3) GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS

1. DETENTION PRISONERS
- persons committed for investigation or trial.
2. SENTENCED PRISONERS
- persons committed to jail or by prison to serve sentence after final conviction by a
competent court for the commission of a crime.
3. PRISONERS FOR SAFEKEEPING
- includes non-criminal who are detained in order to protect the community against their
harmful behavior or to protect them for any danger.

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCED PRISONER

1. INSULAR OR NATIONAL PRISONERS

- 3 years and 1 day to file imprisonment
- Those sentenced with Death Penalty
2. PROVINCIAL PRISONERS – P613 means 6years and 1day to 3years
3. CITY PRISONERS – C13 means 1day to 3years
4. MUNICIPAL PRISONERS – M16 means 1day to 6months.

CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS ACCORDING TO THE DEGREE OF SECURITY

a. SUPER MAXIMUM SECURITY PRISONERS

- a special group of prisoners composed of incorrigible, intractable, and highly dangerous
person who are the source of constant disturbances even in a maximum-security prison.
They wear orange color of uniform.
b. MAXIMUM SECURITY OFFENDERS
- Those sentenced to death
- Those whose minimum sentence is 20 years imprisonment
- Detainees or remand inmates whose sentence is 20 years and above and those
sentences are under review by the court of appeals or the supreme court;
- Those with pending cases.
- Escapees, recidivists and habitual delinquents;
- Those under safekeeping or disciplinary punishment;
- Those confined at the RDC ay wala na and they replace it to DRD(DERECTORATE for
RECEPTION and DIAGNOSTICS; and
 -Those who are diagnosed or criminally insane or with severe emotional or personality
disorders that makes them hazardous to fellow inmates or the prison staff.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MAXIMUM SECURITY INMATES
 Escape could be dangerous to the public or to the security of the state.
 It consist of constant trouble makers but not as dangerous as the super maximum
security prisoners.
 Their movements are restricted and they are not
 They are confined at the Maximum Security Prison (NBP Main Building), or other
assigned building in other panel farm and they wear orange color or tangerine uniform.
c. MEDIUM SECURITY OFFENDERS
- Those whose minimum sentence is less than 20 years of imprisonment
- Detainees or remand inmates whose sentence is below 20 years
- Those who are below 18 years of age regardless of sentence and case,
- Offender with two (2) or more records of escape and at least eight (8) years of service.
And with one(1) year of service and five(5) years of service.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIUM SECURITY

 Those who can not be trusted in open conditions and pose lesser danger than
maximum security prisoners in case they escape.
 It consists of groups of prisoners who may be allowed to work outside the fence or
walls of the panel institution under guards or with escorts. They occupy the Medium
Security Prison (Camp Sampaguita) and they wear BLUE color of uniforms.
 Generally, they are employed as agricultural workers. it includes prisoners who
served at least 10 years inside a maximum security prison.
d. Minimum security offenders
This shall include who may be reasonably trusted to serve their sentence under less restricted
conditions under this category are;
- Those with a severe physical handicap as ratified by the chief medical officer of the
prison.
- Those who are 65 years old and above without pending case and whose convictions are
not on appeal.
- Those who have served 1/2 of their minimum sentence or 1/3 of their maximum
sentence, excluding good conduct time allowance; and
- Those who have only 6 months more to serve before the expiration of their maximum
sentence.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MINIMUM SECURITY OFFENDER

 Group of prisoners who can be reasonably trusted to serve sentence under “open
conditions”.
 This group includes prisoners who can be trusted to report to their work
assignments without the presence of guards.
 They occupy the Minimum Security Prison (Camp Bukang Liwayway)and wear
BROWN color uniforms.
THE BJMP

JAIL

 It is the institution for the confinement of persons who are awaiting final disposition of their
criminal cases and also for the service of those convicted and punished with shorter sentences,
usually up to 3 years.
 It is a place for locking-up of persons who are convicted of minor offenses or felonies who are to
serve a short sentences imposed upon them by a competent court, or for confinement of
persons who are awaiting trial or investigation of their cases.
 The term jail is derived from the Spanish word, “JAULO” which means cage.

TYPES OF JAIL

1. LOCK-UP JAILS
- is a security facility, common to police station, used for temporary confinement of
individual held for investigation.
2. ORDINARY JAILS
- is that type of jails commonly used to detain convicted criminal offenders who serve less
than 3 years
3. WORKHOUSE, JAIL FARMS OR CAMP
- a facility that houses minimum custody offenders who are serving short sentence or
those who are undergoing constructive work programs. It provides full employment of
prisoners, remedial services and constructive leisure time activities.

PROVINCIAL JAILS

- Provincial jails in the Philippines are not under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of
Corrections. They are managed and controlled by the provincial government/LGU(local
government unit).

BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY (BJMP)

- The BJMP exercises supervision and control over the cities and municipal jails
throughout the country. The enactment Republic Act no. 6975 created the BJMP. It
operates as a line Bureau under the Department of the Interior and Local Government
(DILG)

POWERS

 The Bureau shall exercise supervision and control over all districts, city and
municipal jails

RANK CLASSIFICATION OF THE BJMP:

RANK POSITION/TITLE APPOINTING

 AUTHORITY
Director Chief of the BJMP Secretary of DILG
Chief Superintendent Deputy chief of BJP Secretary of DILG
Senior Superintendent Assistant Regional Secretary of DILG
Director
Superintendent Assistant Regional Secretary of DILG
Director
Chief Inspector Warden Secretary of DILG
Secretary
Senior Inspector Warden Secretary of DILG
Inspector Warden Secretary of DILG
SJO4 to JO1 Jail Guards Chief of the BJMP

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

WARDEN

 Director, Coordination, and Control of the Jail

 Responsible for the:
- Security, safety, discipline and well-being of
- The office of the warden may organize the following units:
1. INTELLIGENCE AND INVESTIGATION TEAM - It gathers, collates and submits intelligence
information to the office of the warden on matter regarding the jail condition.
2. JA INSPECTORATE SECTION- Inspect jail facilities, personnel, and prisoners and submit
reports to the warden
3. PUBLIC RELATION OFFICE - Maintain public relation to obtain the necessary and
adequate public report.

ASSISTANT WARDEN

 The office of the Assistant Warden undertakes the development of a systematic process of
treatment.
 Chairman of the Classification Board and Disciplinary Board.

ADMINISTRATIVE GROUPS

 The administrative Group statures of all administrative functions of the jail bureau.

PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT BRANCH

- Assignment of personnel
- Procedures of selection
- Preparation of personal reports
- Individual Record File

RECORDS AND STATISTICS BRANCH

 Keep and maintain booking sheets and arrest reports

 Keep an orderly record of fingerprints and photographs
  Present/prepare statistical data of inmates

PROPERTY AND SUPPLY BRANCH

 Take charge of the safekeeping of equipment’s and supplies and materials needed for the
operational of the jail.

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES BRANCH

 Provides medical and physical examinations of inmates up and confinement. Treatment of sick
inmates and conducts medical and physical examinations and provides medicines or
recommends for the hospitalization of seriously ill prisoners or inmates. It is also conducts
psychiatric and psychological examination.

BUDGET AND FINANCE BRANCH

 Take charge of all financial matters such as budgeting, financing, accounting, and auditing.

MESS SERVICE BRANCH

 Take charge of the preparation of the daily menu, prepares and cooks the food and serves it to
the inmates.

GENERAL SERVICE BRANCH

 Responsible for the maintenance and repair of jail facilities and equipment’s. It is also task with
the cleanliness and beautification of the jail compound.

MITTIMUS COMPUTING BRANCH

 Tasked to receive court decisions and compute the date of the full completion of the services of
sentence of inmates.

COWRI - MIWA
COWRI – COMMITMENT ORDER – WRITTEN ORDER BY THE COURT
MIWA - MITTIMUS – WARRANT ORDER ISSUED BY THE COURT

MITTIMUS

 is a warrant issued by a court directing the jail or prison authorities to receive the convicted
offender for the service of sentence imposed therein of the detention.

ADMISSION, REGISTRATION AND CONFINEMENT

RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTIC CENTER (RDC) NOW DIRECTORATE FOR RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTICS
(DRD)

DIRECTORATE FOR RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTICS (DRD)

  DRD can be fund in the BILIBID prison and all penal farms. Inmates accepted by the RDC will be
studied in classified, the purpose of which is the formulation of an individualized treatment
program designed to achieve the most successful rehabilitation for 60 days
 Sentenced prisoners slapped with the death penalty are not eligible for admission and
classification at the RDC. The Supreme Court brings them directly to the death row where they
will await automatic review of their case.

THE DIRECTORATE FOR RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTICS IS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS

1. QUARANTINE PERIOD
 Upen admission, the inmate will be put in quarantine in a designated cell at the RDC for
a period of 5 days during which he shall be administered the physical and mental
examination to determine fitness.
 Those found to have infectious disease and if sick, are brought to the new Bilibid prison
hospital for medical treatment.
2. PSYCHIATRIC, SOCIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, EDUCATIONAL, VOCATIONAL, AND RELIGIOUS
EXAMINATION
 After the quarantine period, the inmate shall remain in the Reception and Diagnostic
Center for the period of 55 days where shall undergo Psychiatric, Psychological,
Sociological, Vocational, Educational, Religious and other examination.
 The result of the said examination shall be the basis for the inmate individualized
treatment program.

ADMISSION

 An inmate shall be admitted in the Reception and Diagnostic Center of a prison upon
presentation of the following documents:
a. Mittimus/Commitment Order
b. Information and Court Decision of his case
c. Certification of the Detension if any
d. Certification that the case of the inmate is not on appeal.

REGISTRATION

 A prison shall keep a bound registration book wherein all commitments shall be recorded
chronologically. The register shall contain:
a. Name of the inmate
b. Reason for commitment and the authority
c. Sentence
d. Date and Hour of submission
e. Date and Hour of discharge, and or transfer and basis therefore.

CLAMPDOWN
  After registration, the inmate shall be taken a mugshot, front and side view, fingerprinted and
assigned a permanent prison number.
 The inmate shall be given a prescribed haircut, the beards and mustache shall be shaved of.

SHAKEDOWN

 Body search of every inmates personal effects is required. Upon admission the inmate shall be
searched thoroughly.

CONFISCATION OF CONTRABAND ITEMS

 Any item or article in which an inmate is not allowed to possess under prison rule shall be
considered as the contraband items and subject for confiscation.

ISSUANCE OF UNIFORM

 The newly admitted inmate shall be given an issue of two regulation uniform and suits, and two
T-shirts; whenever practicable, they shall also be issued the following items:
a. One blanket
b. One mat
c. One mosquito net
d. One set mess kit
e. One pair of slipper

DIVERSIFICATION: The principle of separating homogeneous type of prisoners that requires special
treatment and custody.

CLASSIFICATION

 The process of determining the needs and requirements of the prisoners for assigning them to
programs according to their existing resources.
 It is the assigning of grouping of offenders according to their sentence, gender, age, nationality,
health, criminal record,

INMATES/PRISONERS LEGAL RIGHTS

UNDER THE SECTION 19, ARTICLE III, 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

1. Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted.
Neither shall death penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons involving heinous crimes,
the Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall be reduced to
Reclusion Perpetua.
2. The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any prisoner or
detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions
shall be dealt with by the law.
- Prohibition of cruel treatment
- Prohibition of capital punishment

THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS (ICCPR)

  The Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment (hereinafter, the Torture Convention) both prohibit torture and cruel, inhuman, or
degrading treatment or punishment, without exception or derogation. Article 10 of the ICCPR, in
addition, mandates that all persons deprived of their liberty shall be treated with humanity and
with respect for the inherent dignity of the human person. “It also requires that “the reform and
social re-adaptation of prisoners” be an “essential aim” of imprisonment.

UNITED NATIONS STANDARD MINIMUM RULES FOR THE TREATMENT OF PRISONERS

 (known as the Standard Minimum Rules), adopted by the UN Economic and Social Council in
1957. It should be noted that although the Standard Minimum Rules are not a treaty, they
constitute an authoritative guide to binding treaty standards.

BEIJING RULES

 Body of Principles for the Protection of all persons under any form of Detention or
Imprisonment, the Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners, and, with regard to juvenile
prisoners, the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration Of Juvenile
Justice.

RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGE OF INMATES

RIGHT OFF INMATES – An inmate shall have the following basic rights:

1. To receive compensation for labor they perform.

2. To be credited with time allowance for good conduct and loyalty.
3. To send and receive mail matters.
4. To practice there religion or observe their faith.
5. To receive authorize visitor.
6. To ventilate their grievances through proper channels.
7. To receive death benefits and pecuniary aid for injuries

PRIVELEGES OF INMATES – The following privileges shall also be extended to an inmate:

1. Attend or participate in any entertainment or athletic activity within the prison reservation.
2. Read books and other reading materials in the library.
3. Smoke cigar and cigarettes, except in prohibited places.
4. Participate in civic, religious and other activities authorize by prison authorities.
5. Receive gifts and prepare food from visitors subject to inspection.

RIGHTS OF DETAINEE – A detainee may, aside from the rights and privileges enjoyed by a convicted, shall
have the following additional rights:

1. To wear civilian clothes.

2. To grow his hair in his customary style.

APPLICATION TO VIEW THE REMAIN OF THE DICEASED RELATIVE

 A minimum or medium security inmates may; upon written application be followed by the
Superintendent to view the remains of the following relatives;
1. Wife or Husband
2. Child
3. Brother and Sister
4. Father and Mother
5. Grandchildren