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𝑷𝑹𝑶𝑩𝑨𝑩𝑰𝑳𝑰𝑻𝑬 𝑬𝑻 𝑺𝑻𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑺𝑻𝑰𝑸𝑼𝑬
𝑰𝑵𝑮𝑬𝑵𝑰𝑬𝑼𝑹 𝟏

𝑬𝑿𝑬𝑹𝑪𝑰𝑪𝑬 𝟏
𝑈𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚é𝑟𝑜𝑡é𝑒𝑠 1 , 2 , ⋯ , 𝑛 , ⋯.
𝐼𝑙 𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑢𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑛 + 1 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠 ′ 𝑖𝑙 𝑎 𝑟é𝑢𝑠𝑠𝑖 𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑢𝑥 ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟𝑠 1 , 2 , ⋯ , 𝑛.
𝑂𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑎𝑢𝑡 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑟é𝑢𝑠𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑡 𝑞𝑢𝑒, 𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑎 𝑟é𝑢𝑠𝑠𝑖 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠
1
𝑠𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑠 𝑝𝑟é𝑐é𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠, 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡é 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐è𝑠 𝑎𝑢 𝑛−𝑖è𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑢𝑡 𝑒𝑠𝑡 ∶ 𝑝𝑛 = .
𝑛
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑘 ∈ ℕ∗ , 𝑜𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑆𝑘 𝑙 ′ é𝑣è𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 ∶ ≪ 𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡é 𝑒𝑡 𝑟é𝑢𝑠𝑠𝑖 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑘 −𝑖è𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑢𝑡 ≫ 𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒
𝑋 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑙é𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑟é𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒 é𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑢 𝑛𝑢𝑚é𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑎𝑢𝑡 𝑟é𝑢𝑠𝑠𝑖.
1) 𝐷é𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑙 ′ 𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑋.
2) 𝐷é𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑃(𝑋 = 1).
3) 𝐽𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ≪ 𝑋 = 2 ≫= 𝑆1 ∩ 𝑆2 ∩ 𝑆̅3 𝑒𝑡 𝑑é𝑑𝑢𝑖𝑠 − 𝑒𝑛 𝑃(𝑋 = 2).
1 1
4) 𝐷é𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 , 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑛 ≥ 3, 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑛) = (1 − ).
𝑛! 𝑛
5) 𝐷é𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑋 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑝é𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 , 𝑝𝑢𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑝é𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑝𝑢𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑝é𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒.
𝑬𝑿𝑬𝑹𝑪𝑰𝑪𝑬 𝟐
𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑋 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑙é𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑖 𝑑𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚è𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝜆 > 0.
1
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑙 ′ 𝑒𝑠𝑝é𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑙é𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑖𝑟𝑒 .
1+𝑋
𝑬𝑿𝑬𝑹𝑪𝑰𝑪𝑬 𝟑
𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑋 𝑒𝑡 𝑌 𝑑𝑒𝑢𝑥 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑙é𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑑é𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑖𝑠 𝑔é𝑜𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚è𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑝 𝑒𝑡 𝑞. 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑃(𝑌 > 𝑋).
𝑬𝑿𝑬𝑹𝑪𝑰𝑪𝑬 𝟒
1
𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑡 𝑛 ≥ 1 𝑢𝑛 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑡 𝑋 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑙é𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑖 𝑔é𝑜𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝒢 ( ).
𝑛
1
1) 𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 𝑛2 ) ≤ .
𝑛
1
2 − 𝑎) 𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑃(|𝑋 − 𝑛| ≥ 𝑛) ≤ 1 − .
𝑛
1
𝑏) 𝐸𝑛 𝑑é𝑑𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2𝑛) ≤ 1 − .
𝑛