UCSP: Political Organization / Authority and Legitimacy
What are the different noteworthy facts
People/Event/Places Ideas/Words/Phrases
BAND Usually small; formed by
several families living
together.
Moves from one place to
another in search for food
All families are equal.
However, the difference in
gender and age is well-
defined.
TRIBE (TRIBU) Larger than the band
Multiple way of living;
evolved from surviving on
food, they also find ways to
find multiple ways of living
Multiple communities is
present in a tribe
Most tribes remain
egalitarian
CHIEFDOM More defined political
organization
Chief – more or less
permanent, full time leader
with real authority; they can
make major decisions.
Several communities are
ruled by permanent
paramount chief—having
supreme power— from elite
family
Power is inherited
Simple Chiefdom – single
community ruled by a single
family
Why are they noteworthy?
SInce bands are egalitarian
— all [families] are equal —
there is no formal FORMAL
leadership, instead those
who possess special skills
and knowledge, can be an
INFORMAL leader.
Due to the increase of
population, organization
within the tribe is needed.
Councils, tribal leaders,
elders, etc. rose due to the
presence of multiple
communities. VILLAGE
HEADMAN [was appointed
to] perform leadership roles,
but they only have limited
political power, which means
most of the tribe remains
egalitarian.
Chiefdom, compared to
band and tribe, has a
FORMAL leader, with real
authority to make decisions
for their community. In
chiefdom, power is inherited,
which means a chief from an
elite family, can pass their
power to their heir.
PARAMOUNT CHIEF is the
highest, and powerful of
them all. Which means all of
the simple chiefdoms that
rule different single
communities, are still under
the power of the supreme,
paramount chief.
 Complex Chiefdom –
Several simple chiefdoms
ruled by a single paramount
chief.

NATIONS Ethnic concept based on Political concept is not

cultural concepts such as: what’s important in a nation,
History but rather its similarity in
Language cultural concept
Traditions
Customs
Habits
Ethnicity

We do not look at the

political concept, but at the
cultural concept.

STATE Highest form of political Compared to nation, state is

organization
Political unit consisting of a
government that has
sovereignty—supreme
authority— over a group of
people, and a well-defined
territory.
Government, sovereignty,
people, and territory is
present
People are the important
element of a state.
a political concept and more
formal. A state is composed
of government, sovereignty,
people, and territory; if one
of these elements are not
present, it cannot be
considered as a state.
For sovereignty, the
government should have the
power and ability to
implement laws, without
being influenced by another
country or territory.

Internal sovereignty – Ability

to implement laws to its
country

External sovereignty -
Freedom from external
control

AUTHORITY Right to command Authority is observed when

an individual can command
another person. Authority is
important as it is what keeps
organization.

LEGITIMACY “Value whereby something

or someone is recognized
and accepted as right and
 proper”

Weber’s Three Types of Authority

TRADITIONAL SOURCE OF POWER: Traditional type of authority

Legitimized from appoints or chooses their
well-established leader based on its family.
customs, habits, and Similar to chiefdom, their
social structures chiefs are chosen from elite
LEADERSHIP STYLE: families, and their authority
Historic personality is passed on to their heirs.
EXAMPLE:
Monarchical rule, or
rule of the elites in a
chiefdom

CHARISMATIC SOURCE OF POWER: Charismatic type of authority

Legitimized from the is based on an individual's
charisma of the charisma. People choose an
individual individual that is oftentimes
LEADERSHIP STYLE: popular, or has an impact on
Dynamic personality others lives, regardless of
EXAMPLE: their leadership skills.
Religious leaders, or
popular icons

LEGAL-RATIONAL SOURCE OF POWER: In this type of authority, the

(bureaucratic) Legitimized from origin of their power comes
formal rules from formal rules that are
promulgated by the promoted by the state
state through its laws.
LEADERSHIP STYLE: Most of the important
Bureaucratic decisions are taken by the
EXAMPLE: STATE OFFICIALS, rather
Government officials than by elected
in modern states representatives.

The Israel-Palestine Conflict

What are the different noteworthy facts Why are they noteworthy?

People/Event/Places Ideas/Words/Phrases

JERUSALEM A sacred place or Holy

City for both Islam,
Judaism, and Christianity.
PALESTINE Made up of mostly
Muslims

ZIONISM Jews should unite and

create their own nation in
their historic homeland —
Jerusalem

Founder: Theodor Herzl

BRITISH In 1914, they promised It was the British who

the sheriff of mecca, arab were responsible for the
independence if they history of the Palestine-
rebel against ottoman Israel war.
empire Due to the Balfour
declaration, the jews were
In 1916, british officials given hope of land. Hope
promised french that that was given by those
PALESTINE would be WHO DO NOT EVEN
divided between them LIVE IN PALESTINE.
after the war
Under this British
In 1917, foreign secretary mandate, the number of
Arthur Balfour, publicly jews in Palestine
proclaimed that BRITAIN multiplied, which caused
aimed to establish a tension between the jews
NATIONAL HOME to the and Arabs, resulting in
jews, in PALESTINE; this both sides commiting
is the BALFOUR crimes.
DECLARATION
Due to the rising tension
between both parties, the
british tried to fix it by
limiting jews immigration,
but it also backfired; it
resulted in israel protest,
and a zionist militant
group committed their
own acts of violence.

UNITED NATIONS The British were In dividing the lands, more

exhausted from handling than half of the land was
the situation, entrusted given to the Israeli, and
the newly formed UN to most of it was the fertile
solve the problem. land. In return, the Arabs
were not happy about it.
To accommodate both
Jews and Arabs, they
 proposed a partition plan
ISRAEL BEFORE the declaration
INDEPENDENCE of independence day of
Israel, extreme zionist
militias forced
Palestinians to leave their
homes.
In 1948, the day of
independence, Arab
declared a war, wherein
Israel won, and seized
more land. What’s left
with Palestine is the West
Bank, and the Gaza strip
SIX-DAY WAR In 1967, Israel captured
Gaza strip, the west bank,
egyptian sinai peninsula,
and golan height of syria.
Egyptian made a contract
with Israel to return their
land
With Gaza, and the West
Bank in their possession,
they were deciding on
what to do with the Arabs
in the stated places.
Even before Israel
declared their
independence, they
already forced
Palestinians to leave their
home and become
stateless refugees.
On the day that the Israeli
were celebrating their
independence, they were
surprised by the war
declaration of the Arab.
With this, the Palestinian
Liberation Organization
vowed to take back the
land that they lost.
As the Israelis were
deciding as to what to do
with the people in Gaza
and West Bank, some
Israeli settlers moved to
the west bank, and
started their lives. This act
was illegal because they
did not have permission
from the government.
To solve this problem, the
UN divided the land into
three, but still, the land of
Palestinians continued to
shrink.