XMD DTD
• XML Document Type Declaration
• Wat to describe XML language
precisely.
• Checks vocabulary & validity of the
structure of XML docs. Against
grammatical rules of appropriate XML
language.
• Can be inside the docs., can be
separate
Syntax
<!DOCTYPE element DTD identifier
[declaration 1
declaration 2
…
]>
In above syntax
• DTD starts with <!DOCTYPE delimiter.
• Element - tells the parser to parse the
document from the specified root
element.
• DTD Identifier – identifier for the
document type definition, which may be
the path to a file on the system or URL.
• External Subset – when DTD is
pointing to external path.
• Internal Subset – the “[ ]” enclose an
optional list of entity declaration.
Internal DTD
• <xsl:template> - element used to
build templates.
• When elements are declared within
the XML files.
• Use standalone “yes” declaration to
refer it as internal DTD.
Syntax for internal DTD
<!DOCTYPE root-element [element-declaration]>
DTD − Immediately after the XML header,
the document type declaration follows,
commonly referred to as the
DOCTYPE –
<!DOCTYPE address [
DOCTYPE
• has exclamation mark (!)
At the start of the element name.
• informs the parser that DTD is associated
with XML document.
• DTD Body – where you declare elements,
attributes, entities, and notations.
• <!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
Defines the element name to be of type
“PCDATA”.
• #PCDATA – parse-able text data
END DECLARATION
• Closed using a closing bracket and a
closing angle bracket (]>).
Rules
1. The document type declaration must appear
at the start of the document (preceded only
by the XML header) – it is not permitted
anywhere else within the document.
2. Similar to the DOCTYPE declaration, the
element declarations must start with and
exclamation mark.
3. The Name n the document type declaration
must match the element type of the root
element.
External DTD
• Elements are declared outside the XML
file
• Accessed by specifying the system
attributes which may be either the legal
.dtd file or a valid URL.
• Use standalone “no” declaration to
refer it is an external DTD.
Syntax
DTD-
<!DOCTYPE root-element SYSTEM “file-name”>
where file-name is the file with .dtd extension