The black-oil PVT model is a simplified fluid model using only two components (Surface gas and oil)

unlike the more

complex compositional models.

1. Black Oil or Low-Shrinkage Oil

- Initial producing gas-oil ratios of 1750 scf/STB or less.
- The stock-tank oil usually will have a gravity below 45-degree API
- Black oil color is very dark, often black, sometimes with a greenish cast, or brown

 The phase diagram is shown below. When the reservoir pressure lies anywhere along line 1 → 2, the oil is said
to be under saturated – meaning the oil could dissolve more gas if more gas were present. If the pressure is
at 2, the oil is at its bubble point, and is said to be saturated – meaning the oil contains the maximum amount
of dissolved gas and can’t hold any more gas. A reduction in pressure at this point will release gas inside the
reservoir. Additional gas evolves from the oil as it moves from the reservoir to the surface. This causes some
shrinkage of the oil. Black oil is often called low shrinkage crude oil or ordinary oil.
 Conven
Types of conventional fluids
tional
1. BLACK OIL OR LOW-SHRINKAGE OIL
2. VOLATILE OIL OR HIGH-SHRINKAGE OIL
3. GAS CONDENSATE OR RETROGRADE GAS
Black oil
4. WET GAS
5. DRY GAS

From the figure Shown:

1. Black oils consist of a wide variety of chemical species
2. including large, heavy, nonvolatile molecules.
3. The phase diagram predictably covers a wide range of
temperature and pressure.
4. The lines within the phase envelope represent
constant liquid volume, measured as percent of total
volume.
5. At reservoir condition from 1-3, pressure drop at
constant temperature and the gas present when the
pressure drop below the second point.
6. After the second point, gas will release to form a free
gas in reservoir.