GERUNDS & INFINITIVES

I. GERUND : ( danh ñoäng töø ) ( V + ING )

1. Subject of a sentence (lµm chñ ng÷ trong c©u)
Ex: Reading comic books is interesting .
2. Complement of To Be after Subject of Thing + To Be (lµm bæ ng÷ cña ®ộng tõ “ to be” sau chñ ng÷ lµ vËt)
Ex : My hobby is fishing .
3. After Prepositions (sau giíi tõ)
Ex : She is interested in learning English .
4. After some verbs : Verbs + Gerund
Admit (thừa nhận, coâng nhận), avoid ( traùnh, neù), appreciate (®¸nh gi¸ cao), defer / delay /postpone/ put off (trì hoaõn,
®×nh l¹i), deny( choái), detest/ dislike( khoâng thích,khoâng öa), discuss (th¶o luËn), consider( xem xeùt, cân nhắc), enjoy
(thöôûng thöùc, höôûng), finish (hoaøn taát, laøm xong), give up/ quit: töø boû, thoâi), imagine (töôûng töôïng), keep( giöõ), not
mind ( khoâng phieàn), miss (lì), practise ( thöïc haønh), suggest( ñeà nghò), prevent (ng¨n chÆn/ c¶n), can’t help( khoâng
theå khoâng), can’t stand (khoâng theå chòu ñöïng ñöôïc), resist (kh¸ng cù l¹i, chèng l¹i), cease (ngõng, ®õng), object to
( phaûn ñoái veà…) etc.
I always avoid making noise in class. I don’t mind doing a lot of homework.
Have you finished writing the report ? He can’t stand working ten hours a day.
Anne practised playing the piano at an early age When did you give up smoking, Bill ?
5. In some other structures :
It’s no good / use, there is no point (không ích gì), what about , be worth (xứng đáng), be busy (bận), look
forward to (mong đđợi), be used to / be accustomed to / get used to (quen với), can’t help (không thể không), can’t bear/
can’t stand (không thể chịu được) ……
It is no use saying that I am used to getting up early.
II. THE INFINITIVE ( TO + VERB )
1. Subject of the sentence ( Chuû töø cuûa caâu )
Ex : To help her is my duty.
2. Verbs + to - Infinitive
Agree ( ñoàng yù,nhaát trí), afford, appear ( xuaát hieän), arrange( saép xeáp,thu xeáp), attempt( coá gaéng), ask ( ñoøi hoûi,yeâu
caàu), choose ( choïn, löïa), decide ( quyeát ñònh), demand ( ra leänh), expect ( mong,troâng ngoùng), fail ( hoûng,khoâng thaønh
coâng,(thi) rôùt), happen (xaûy ra) , hope ( hy voïng), learn ( hay tin), manage ( xoay sôû, töï lo ñöôïc), offer ( daâng ,taëng),
plan ( keá hoaïch, döï tính), pretend ( giaû vôø), promise (höùa heïn), refuse ( töø choái), seem ( coù veû nhö, döôøng nhö),
threaten ( ñe doïa), want, wish ( ao öôùc), would like ( muoán), intend (dù ®Þnh), tend (cã xu h-íng), hope (hy vong) …etc.
I decide to stjudy engineering at University We can’t afford to build a new house.
She’s expecting to get a reply from the company. Bob refused to lend me his car.
Do you agree to join us for the holyday ? You manage to get some tickets for the pop concert on Saturday.
Mary learned to swim when she was young
3. verbs + O + to - INFINITIVE
want, ask, tell, request (yªu cÇu), order (sai ph¸i), beg (van xin), remind (nh¾c nhë), invite (mêi), advise (khuyªn),
warn (c¶nh b¸o), promise (høa), encourage (khuyÕn khÝch)…
The teacher encouraged Lan to join English club.
4. be/ look/ seem/ feel + ADJECTIVE + TO infinitive:
Afraid ( sôï, e sôï ), ashamed ( xaáu hoå ), considerate ( teá nhò ), disappointed ( thaát voïng ), eager ( haêm hôû), foolish
( ñieân roà), fortunate ( may maén, heân ), happy ( sung söôùng ), lucky ( may maén ), pleased ( haøi loøng), proud ( haõnh
dieän), qualified ( coù ñuû tö caùch ), ready ( saün saøng), sorry ( aân haän) surprised ( ngaïc nhieân), angry(giËn d÷ ), prepared
(®-îc chuÈn bÞ), glad (vui mõng), proud (tù hµo)
I’m afraid to drive alone at night. Citizens ought to feel lucky to be able to vote.
Were you disappointed not to win the race ? He was not at all surprised to hear the news.
The actress seems eager to go on stage. I’m looking for someone qualified to type a thesis.
The parents are proud to have a healthy child. The party is ready to serve.
I'm glad to see you again.
5. After Noun ( Infinitive of Purpose ) : TO / IN ORDER TO / SO AS TO + V(bare infinitive )
Ex : There are lots of things to do today.
 Ex : He studies hard so as to pass the entrance examination.
III. BARE - INFINITIVE
1. After modal verbs: can, may, must, WILL, SHOULD, COULD, MIGHT, …
EX: I must go home now.
2. After had better, would rather, do nothing but.
EX: He did nothing but complain about his life.
You’d better stay at home today.
3. Make
Let + O + V(bare-inf.)

EX: The clowns made them laugh a lot last night.

IV. VERB FOLLOWED BY EITHER INFINITIVE OR GERUNDS
 Without changing in meaning : Start ( baét ñaàu, khôûi ñoäng), begin ( baét ñaàu), continue ( tieáp tuïc), intend
( tính, döï ñònh), like, love, hate ( gheùt), prefer (thích hôn, öa hôn).
It began to rain when I went to school. It began raining when I went to school
When did you start learning English ? When did you start to learn English ?
It began raining heavily. or It began to rain heavily.
Does Pam continue writing to you ? Does Pam continue to write to you ?
He intended making a film for children He intended to make a film for children.
 VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE ( Cho yù nghóa khaùc nhau ):
Stop doing st dõng viÖc g× l¹i He stopped smoking three years ago. ( He doesn’t smoke
any more now.)
Stop to do st dõng ®Ó lµm g× He stopped to smoke a cigarette. ( He stopped working in
order to smoke ).
try doing st thö You should try taking these tablets, ( try = thöû )
try to do st cè g¾ng You should try to study harder. ( try = coá gaéng )
forget/ remember quªn/nhí ®· lµm g× I remember sending a postcard to my parents yesterday.
doing st He remembers meeting you when he was in France. ( He
met you).
forget/remember to do quªn / nhí phải lµm gì Don't forget to wash the dishes.
st Remember to send me a letter when you arrive in Ho Chi
Minh city. ( you will send.)
regret doing st tiÕc ®· lµm g× She regretted not coming your birthday party. So she felt
bored
regret to do st lÊy lµm tiÕc ph¶i lµm g× I regret to inform you that you've failed your exam.
need to do st cÇn lµm g× (nghÜa chñ ®éng) You need to practise English every day.( = You have to
practise English every day).
need doing st cÇn ®-îc lµm g× (nghÜa bÞ ®éng) Your shirt needs washing .It smells. ( = Your shirt needs
=need to be done to be washed ).
go on doing tiÕp tôc lµm viÖc g× ®ã The teacher introduced herself and went on to explain the
= to continue doing st course.
go on to do tiÕp tôc lµm c«ng viÖc tiÕp theo The teacher told everyone to be quiet, but they just went
(viÖc kh¸c) on talking.
like doing së thÝch l©u dµi I like fishing
like to do thích vì nghĩ rằng nó tốt, ý thÝch I like to do my job well.
nhÊt thêi
Notes:
 would like + to- inf; feel like + V-ing (ước có ) = wish for
 ALLOW, PERMIT, ADVISE, RECOMMEND
Allow = permit V-ing
+
Advise = recommend O + to-inf.
I permit you to go out. I permit going out
  see. smell, notice, observe, taste, feel, overhear, hear, watch + O + Verb: khi
chøng kiÕn toµn bé sù viÖc
 see. smell, notice, observe, taste, feel, overhear, hear, watch + O + Verb - ing:
khi chøng kiÕn mét phÇn sù viÖc ®ang diÔn ra
I saw someone get into Tom's house yesterday.
She heard him playing guitar. It's really great, but she must go away.

Exercises on INFINITIVE AND GERUND

I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form : GERUND or INFINITIVE .( In some sentences, both
forms are correct ).
1. I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind……………………………………………….( wait ) for you.
2. My father gave up …………………………………………….( smoke ) three years ago.
3. Would you mind ………………………………………..( keep ) silent ? I’m trying ………………………………………………( study ).
4. I always try to avoid………………………………………( borrow ) money from my friends.
5. The traffic was very heavy this morning, but I managed ………………………………..( get ) to school on time.
6. Could you please stop ……………………………………….( make ) so much noise ?
7. I’ve put off …………………………………( write ) the letter so many times. I really must do it today.
8. Sarah gave up ………………………( try ) to find a job in this country and decided………………( go ) abroad.
9. You can’t stop me ………………………..( do ) what I want.
10. They don’t have much money. They can’t afford……………………………………( go ) out very often.
11. My mother can’t stand……………………………………( stay ) at home without doing anything.
12. How long have you been able……………………………………………(swim), John ?
13. You must promise…………………………………………….( not / be ) late again.
14. When I saw her in that funny hat, I couldn’t help……………………………………( laugh).
15. They refused………………………………………………..( lend ) him the money although he needed it badly.
16. Please, don’t forget………………………………………………( post ) the letter for me today ! It’s urgent.
26. However, she did not plan…………………………………( be ) a secretary all her life.
27. But she couldn’t imagine……………………………..( do ) the same job for years and years.
28. The only thing that prevented her from………………………………….( study ) law was a lack of time and money.
29. She often remembered ……………………………..( talk ) to her father before he became ill.
30. You must remember …………………………………( buy ) some sugar. We haven’t got any now.
31. Did you remember……………………………………..( post ) the letter for me this morning ?
32. Don’t forget………………………………………………..( wake ) me up before six o’clock tomorrow.
33. I am looking forward to …………………………………………… (see) you.
34. He is tired of …………………………………………… ( walk ) to school.
35. I arranged …………………………………………… (meet) them here.
36. He urged us …………………………………………… (work) faster.
37. I wish…………………………………………… (see) the manager.
38. It's no use …………………………………………… (wait).
39. He warned her…………………………………………… (not touch) the wire.
40. Don't forget…………………………………………… (lock) the door before (go) to bed.
41. My mother told me …………………………………………… (not speak) to anyone about it.
42. He tried…………………………………………… (explain) but she refused (listen).
43. At dinner she annoyed me by…………………………………………… (smoke) between the courses.
44. You are expected …………………………………………… (know) the safety regulations of the college.
45. That was a very strange question…………………………………………… (ask)
46. It was very kind of you …………………………………………… (show) the way.
47. I overheard him …………………………………………… (say) that he didn’t want to learn Math.
48. I don’t remember (tell) ............................ of the decision to change the company policy on vacations.
49. Ms Drake expects (consult) .............................. about any revisions in her manuscript before it is printed.
50. Tommy admitted (throw) ...................... the rock through the window.
51. Most people enjoy (travel) ........................... to different parts of the world.
52. May I change the TV channel, or do you want (watch) ....................... more of this programme?
 53. That was a very strange question (ask) ........................... .
54. It was very kind of you (show)................................. the way.
55. The teacher let him (stay) ..................... at home to finish the assignment.
56. It was quite a surprise (see) .............................. him again.
57. I overheard him (say) ..................... that he didn’t want to learn Math.
58. She stood there and watched him (drive) ............................. away.
59. It was very difficult for her (drive)............................ the motorbike.
60. I could feel the robber (come) ............................. from the backdoor.
61. It is easy (see) ......................... animals on the road in daylight.
62. I asked him (explain) ..................... but he refused (say) ..................... any thing.
63. It is pleasant (sit) ........................... by the fire at night.
64. There was no way of (get) ................ out of the building except by (climb) ............ down a rope.
65. It’s no good (write) .......................... to him; he never answers letters.
66. Ask him (come) ............................... in. Don’t keep him (stand) .......................... at the door.
67. We watched the children (jump) ..... from a window and (fall) .......... into a blanket held by people below.
68. It is very pleasant (wake) ............... up and (hear) .............. the rain (beat) ................ on the windows.
69. They denied……………………………..the money. ( steal )
70. I can’t afford………………………………out tonight. I haven’t got enough money. ( go )
71. Can you remind me…………………………..some coffee when we go out ? ( buy )
72. Please stop…………………………….me questions! ( ask )
73. I refuse……………………………any more questions. ( answer )
74. One of the boys admitted…………………………the window. ( break )
75. The boy’s father promised…………………………for the window to be repaired. ( pay )
76. Ann was having dinner when the phone rang. She didn’t answer the phone, she just carried on ……(eat)
77. “ How did the thief get into the house ? “ “ I forgot………………..the window. ( shut )
II. Complete each sentence with one of these verbs:
Answer apply be listen make see try use wash work write
41. He tried to avoid …………………………………… my question.
42. Could you please stop……………………………… so much noise ?
43. I enjoy………………………………………to music.
44. I considered……………………………for the job but in the end I decided against it.
45. Have you finished………………………………your hair yet ?
46. If you walk into the road without looking, you risk ……………………………. knocked down.
47. Jim is 65 but he isn’t going to retire yet. He wants to carry on………………………………….
48. I don’t mind you…………………………the phone as long as you pay for all your calls.
49. Hello ! Fancy………………………….you here ! What a surprise !
50. I’ve put off…………………………..the letter so many times. I really must do it today.
51. What a stupid thing to do ! Can you imagine anybody………………………..so stupid ?
52. Sarah gave up………………………………to find a job in this country and decided to go abroad.
III. Rewrite the following sentences , using the given words in brackets
1. They arrived home late. ( he saw )
=>………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 . She didn’t want to stay there for the weekend. ( They made her )
=>………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3 . The teacher allowed me to stay at home to finish the assignment. ( The teacher let )
=>………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The boy ran away from the house. ( She noticed )
=>………………………………………………………………………………………………………
IV. Build a complete sentence with the given words
1. I/look forward/receive/letter/ now.=>……………………………………………
2. we/not mind/wait/more minutes.=>……………………………………………………
3. children/busy/collect/shells/beach.=>……………………………………………………………
4. He/ask/us/help/him/do/the washing up/yesterday. =>……………………………………………………………
5. Her mother/force/her/marry/to that man.=>……………………………………………………………
V. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting.
1. I couldn’t make my car to start this morning.
A B C D
2. I’m sure he is incapable of run a mile in four minutes.
A B C D
3. Good friendship should be based on mutual understand.
A B C D
4. I’m delighted hearing that you have made much progress in your study.
A B C D
5. There is a lot of work doing here.
A B C D
6. He was terribly excited to ask to play for Manchester.
A B C D
7. He could not decide whether to get a job or studying.
A B C D
8. I dislike being talk about everywhere.
A B C D
9. He says that speak a foreign language always makes him nervous.
A B C D
10. We’re looking forward to see you again.
A B C D
11. I’d like buying some earrings like yours.
A B C D
12. She smelt something burning and saw smoke rise.
A B C D
13. I warned them not climb the mountain in such bad weather.
A B C D
14. They voluntarily spent their vacations to teach illiterate people to read & write.
A B C D
15. You can congratulate yourself about having done an excellent job.
A B C D
16. Peter apologized for break the vase.
A B C D
17. He insisted on seeing the manager tomorrow.
A B C D
VI. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
1. Some high school students take part in ……the handicapped.
A. helping B. to help C. help D. being help
2. The mission of this society is …………community education for street children.
A. to provide B. provide C. providing D. provided
3. Shy people often find it ........................ to take part in group discussions.
A. difficult B. difficulty C. difficultly D. be difficult
4. I am unable......................... to the meeting on Monday evening.
A. to come B. come C. coming D. to be come
5. ....................... it several times, he didn’t want to read it once again.
A. Reading B. To read C. To have read D. Having read
6. ......................... that he was poor, I offered to pay his fare.
A. Knowing B. Known C. Knew D. Having knew
7. ....................... photographs of the place, I had no desire to go there.
A. Seeing B. Seen C. Saw D. Having seen
8. I hate ....................... a child ........................ .
A. see/ crying B. see/ cry C. seeing/ to cry D. seeing/ cry
9. I notice the lorry ........................ down the hill.
A. to come B. came C. coming D. having come
10. I observed a blue car ...................... very fast towards the motorway.
A. having driven B. driven C. driving D. to drive
11. They left the restaurant, ......................... two hours over lunch.
A. spending B. spent C. after spend D. having spent
12. The police accused him of............... fire to the building but he denied ............ in the area on the night of the fire.
A. setting/ being B. setting/ having been C. set/ be D. having set/ having been
13. Someone told us ........................... sit on the stairs.
A. don’t B. not C. not to D. to not
14. “Don’t forget to ring me”
A. I advised David to ring me B. I reminded David to ring me
C. I offered to be run D. You promised to ring me
15. The doctor advised him ......................... and to take up some sport.
A. stop smoke B. stop smoking C. to stop smoking D. to stop to smoke
16. I have told him never ........... to buy some potatoes on the way home.
A. come B. comes C. came D. to come
17. Professional people expect ................... when it is necessary to cancel an appointment.
A. you to call them B. that you would call them
C. you calling them D. that you are calling them
18. The conductor asked ......................... in the bus.
A. them to please not to smoke B. that they should not smoke
C. them not to smoke D. them not to smoke
19. I’d rather ........................... at home.
A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay
20. They noticed him .......................... the agreement.
A. sign B. to sign C. signing D. signed
21. Jack admitted ....................... the money.
A. steal B. to steal C. stealing D. stolen
22. Don’t ......................... him to arrive early. He’s always late.
A. think B. judge C. hope D. expect
23. I wouldn’t ..................... of going to the party I hadn’t been invited to.
A. dream B. intend C. depend D. rely
24. The instructor warned the students ............ sailing alone on the lake.
A. on B. for C. of D. against
25. Her mother prevented her ..................... going out tonight.
A. against B. from C. about D. at
26. I apologized ........................ the book at home.
A. for leaving B. to leaving C. leaving D. to leave