Name:

Class:

Bone:
Part A: Matching (5 minutes)
Directions: Match each bone cell type to its correct function.
Bone Cells:
1. Osteoblasts
2. Osteocytes
3. Osteoclasts
Functions:
a. Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue.
b. Bone-building cells responsible for forming new bone.
c. Cells that break down bone, releasing calcium and phosphorus into the bloodstream.

Part B: Short Answer (5 minutes)

Directions: Write a brief answer for each of the following questions.
1. Describe the primary components of the bone's extracellular matrix.

2. Why is the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts crucial for bone health?

Part C: True or False (5 minutes)

Directions: Indicate whether each statement is true or false by circling the correct option.
1. Collagen in bones provides rigidity and resistance to compression. [True / False]
2. Hydroxyapatite crystals are made up of mainly nitrogen and hydrogen. [True / False]
3. Vitamin D helps the body absorb proteins and fats for muscle health. [True / False]

Part D: Fill in the Blanks (3 minutes)

Directions: Use the word bank provided to complete the sentences below.
Word Bank: remodelling, calcium, osteocytes, phosphate, collagen
1. Bone ___________ refers to the continuous process of bone formation and
resorption.
2. ___________ and ___________ are crucial elements that give bones their hardness.
 3. The flexibility and tensile strength of bones are primarily provided by ___________.

Part E: Conceptual Drawing (2 minutes)

Directions: In the space below, draw a simple diagram of the bone remodelling process,
showing both osteoblasts and osteoclasts at work.
Cartilage:
Part A: Matching (4 minutes)

Directions: Match each term to its correct description.

Terms:
1. Chondrocytes
2. Fibrocartilage
3. Proteoglycans
4. Elastic Cartilage
5. Lacunae
Descriptions:
a. Cavities in cartilage that house specific cells.
b. Large molecules that resist compression and make cartilage resilient.
c. Cells responsible for maintaining cartilage tissue.
d. Flexible type of cartilage found in the ear and epiglottis.
e. Tough cartilage found in the knee menisci and intervertebral discs.

Part B: Multiple Choice (4 minutes)

Directions: Circle the best answer.
1. Which fibers primarily provide tensile strength to cartilage?
 a) Elastic Fibers
 b) Collagen Fibers
 c) Keratin Fibers
2. What is a notable feature of cartilage when compared to other tissues?
 a) High blood supply
 b) Presence of many nerves
 c) Avascular nature

Part C: Short Answer (6 minutes)

Directions: Provide a concise answer for each question.
1. Why is the avascular nature of cartilage significant in terms of injury and repair?

2. How do nutrients reach chondrocytes if cartilage lacks blood vessels?

3. Describe the primary role of chondroblasts in cartilage formation.

Part D: Concept Mapping (4 minutes)
Directions: Draw lines to connect each type of cartilage to its associated primary location or
feature.
Cartilage Types:
 Hyaline Cartilage
 Fibrocartilage
 Elastic Cartilage
Locations/Features:
 Nose
 Intervertebral Discs
 Ear
 Most abundant type
 Strongest type
 Highly flexible

Part E: Critical Thinking (2 minutes)

Directions: Given its composition and properties, why might cartilage serve as the tissue in
our noses and ears?
Tendons/Ligaments:
Part A: Matching (5 minutes)
Directions: Match each term to its correct description.
Terms:
1. Ligaments
2. Tendons
3. Fibroblasts
4. Collagen
5. Elastin
Descriptions: a. Provides elasticity, especially prevalent in ligaments. b. Principal cells in both
structures, responsible for producing the extracellular matrix. c. Connects muscles to bones.
d. Offers strength and flexibility, predominantly Type I in both structures. e. Connects bones
to other bones.

Part B: Fill in the Blanks (3 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences using the words provided.
Word Bank: Sprain, Strain, Joints, Muscle-bone junctions, Slow.
1. Ligaments stabilize _______ while tendons transmit force.
2. An injury to a ligament is called a _______.
3. Tendon injuries are referred to as _______.
4. Tendons are primarily found at _______.
5. The limited blood supply in tendons and ligaments can make healing _______.

Part C: True or False (3 minutes)

Directions: Indicate whether each statement is true or false.
1. Fibrocytes are mature fibroblasts.
2. Ground substance in tendons and ligaments is a solid material.
3. Both ligaments and tendons predominantly contain Type II collagen.
4. Ligaments and tendons both play crucial roles in movement and stability.

Part D: Short Answer (5 minutes)

Directions: Provide a brief answer to each question.
1. How does the molecular makeup of ligaments and tendons contribute to their
respective functions?

2. Why might a severe tear in a tendon or ligament require surgical intervention?

 3. Based on what you've learned, hypothesize why athletes often suffer from sprains
and strains.

Part E: Conceptual Application (4 minutes)

Directions: Given their function and composition, explain why it's crucial for athletes,
especially in high-contact sports, to regularly strengthen and condition their ligaments and
tendons.