REAL - TIME GPS TRANSMITTING BALLISTIC HELMET USING

MACHINE LEARNING.
S P Samyuktha1, Dhanushree G A2, V Akshaya3, Dr P Kavitha4
1,2,3
Student, Artificial Intelligence and Data Science department, Panimalar Engineering College,
Chennai, India .
4
Associate professor, Artificial Intelligence and Data Science department, Panimalar Engineering
College, Chennai, India .
E-mail address: spsamyu516@gmail.com, dhanushreesubba@gmail.com,
akshayabharathi38@gmail.com, varshnikavitha@gmail.com

Abstract:
Indian Air Force is to defend the nation and its airspace against air threats in coordination with Army
and Navy. Traditional aircraft communications are based on analog voice on HF radio waves.
Technical crew monitor every movement from the base station on a map with the help of an aircraft
inbuilt GPS associated with the satellite navigation system. Since the GPS is located in the aircraft, in
case of any emergency situation such as ejection and aircraft crash the pilot’s currents location is
difficult to identity and that result in pilot missing in action. To resolve this conflict we propose a
hardware which transmits the real time location of the pilot to its nearest base station at any situation.
This helps for the rescue team to spot the location and save back the pilot in a limited period of time
before they were exposed to any of the other foreign land population with the KNN algorithm. We
incorporate this hardware consisting of a transmitter in the upper portion of a ballistic helmet which is
infantry equipment used for the safety of the pilot.
Keywords: Global Positioning System (GPS) , Very High Frequency (VHF) , High Frequency (HF) ,
ballistic helmet , K-nearest neighbour .

1. Introduction:
The absence of tracking capabilities during aircraft crashes gave rise to the concept for this research.
The base station and the aircraft communicate with one another through aircraft communication.
Communication on board an aircraft can be done in a variety of methods, including radio, radio
management panels, satellite, datalink, interphone, passenger address system, and audio management
system [1]. To send and receive signals using radio frequencies, transmitters, receivers, transceivers,
and antennas are utilised as radio communication's basic building blocks.
The ballistic element is being used as a protective element for the pilots in this description. The
primary characteristics of the material utilised to produce ballistic elements are resistance to
projectiles, sharpened metal, low weight, and affordability. Therefore, we shall learn about how the
ballistic element functions in the pilot's protection in this essay.
 Fig 1: Flow diagram of GPS tracking device

In unsupervised airspace, aircraft are guided by air traffic control (ATC) from ground stations. The
primary functions of the ATC are to oversee and coordinate air traffic flow, avoid crashes, and give
pilots critical information. The airport's immediate surroundings are monitored and managed by the
aviation control tower. ATC additionally gets tasked with tracking down an aircraft. It uses the radar
system's basic operating concept to keep an eye on and track flying objects [4]. Early in the 1930s, the
first radar was created. Using radio waves, the main radar determines an aircraft's approximate
location. Regardless of whether the aircraft has to be monitored or not, the main radar follows them.
The targets that have a transponder are used by the secondary radar, which also has one. The backup
radar transmits data in an emergency, unlike the primary radar. The identification and altitude are also
sent by the transponder. The transmitter responder is another name for the transponder. Nearly every
commercial aircraft has a transponder array. To gather the flight information, the servers on the
surface connect with the GPS satellites [2]. The servers record the flight statistics, which they then
transfer to the telecommunications equipment. To understand information, numerous different
telecommunications networks are employed.
 Fig 2. Mechanism of existing gps tracking system.

2. Related reserach:
Numerous studies have been written about the emergence of GPS and GSM modem-based tracking
technologies. An unconventional GPS method that can deliver near-real-time PPP service is given.
Calculated error causes for GPS measurements. A navigation application for vehicles is shown [3].
The presentation of a car monitoring online application and a mobile application. Safety-related
tracking system and GPS-related issues are covered in great depth. Using wireless sensor technology,
passive sensors, tracking based on Android, self-power tracking system, and tracking system based on
cloud computing infrastructure, a unique approach to vehicle monitoring is provided [5]. The
implementation of a colour histogram proximity and binary information-based aircraft tracking
system.

3. Existing system:
1. Analog radio communication :
There are several frequency channels designated for the usage of certain facilities and functions, such
as an enrooted centre or approach control. Each aircraft is given a frequency channel as it passes
through its airspace control volume. A channel may be used by a few or many aircraft, and it is shared
using the "manual carrier senses multiple accesses (CSMA)" protocol, which requires that both the
aircraft and the ground controller listen before communicating. Sometimes, this is referred to as
"listen before push-to-talk." When there are numerous aircraft on a channel, it could be challenging
for a pilot to find a gap where they can speak. Finding a gap to speak in when there are numerous
planes on a channel may be challenging for a pilot. One of the main issues with analogue voice
communications [3] is this channel congestion. When communicating with its AOC and airline
operations at the plane's final destination airport, airlines often employ audio communications. The
countrywide VHF network offered by service providers like ARINC as well as each airline's own set
of specific frequencies may be used. The 120.1–141.110 MHz band in which ATC communications
operate is shared by the AOC frequency channels, which are given particular frequencies.

1. Digital data link (DDL) communication:

Initial systems employed a digital radio and an independent digital Control Display Unit (CDU) on an
analogue flight deck as digital data linkages first arrived in aviation. The ability to employ digital
datalinks for aircraft communications and surveillance arose from the shift from analogue to digital.
Additionally, it made it possible to combine the different systems so that the digital datalink signals
could be sent to other systems like the Flight Management System (FMS).

2. Datalink Aeronautical Operational Control (AOC) Flight Tracker:

Using publicly accessible sensor data, such as elevation, speed of flight, vertical acceleration, fuel on
board, directional variation, engine circumstance, aircraft phase, as well as other aircraft signals,
Datalink AOC Flight Tracker may identify erroneous aircraft movement [7]. The proven Aircraft
Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) network is used to autonomously
downlink an unusual position report every minute when data indicators in the Datalink AOC database
recognise erratic flight behaviour by surpassing predetermined thresholds. The bespoke AOC
database or an ACARS uplink both make it simple to programme the database thresholds and
positioning interval report.

Fig 3. Flow of hardware module and main system.

3. Ballistic helmet:
Combat helmet use has significantly decreased head injuries and saved many troops' lives since they
offer defence against ballistic attacks and blunt impact forces [6]. Future combat helmets must be
extremely safeguarding, lightweight, and pleasant to wear, and work well with communication and
other equipment due to the increasing threats posed by improvised explosives devices and urban
combat operations in contemporary unpredictable military conflicts. In accordance with methods of
experimentation, analytical frameworks, and computational simulations, the physical characteristics
of helmet composites and the ballistic impact processes are studied [8]. The methods for designing
helmets, such as head covering, the curve of the shell, production procedures, and inner foam pads,
are described. The effectiveness of combat helmets as assessed by finite element modelling and
ballistic tests is outlined. The likelihood of behind armour blunt trauma anticipated by available
damage criteria is examined, and the impact-induced head injuries caused by ballistic and explosion
impacts are further explained.

Fig 4. Components of existing ballistic helmet.

 1. Proposed system:
In order to achieve the expected outcome that is to transmit the current location of the pilot in case of
any emergency situation such as either aircraft crash or ejection to the nearest base station, we
propose a protocol based on KNN algorithm. This proposed system consist of a hardware that
incorporated a contact sensor, activation sensor, transmitter with very high frequency (VHF)
bandwidth, and a mechanism that connects to the nearest base station with the use of K- nears
neighbour (KNN) algorithm.
This new technology is to resolve the issue of missing in action (MIA) cases to safeguard the life’s of
the brave hearts. The emergency situations such as air crashes which can occur due to air traffic
controller error, design and manufacturer defects, maintenance failures, sabotage, or inclement
weather can lead to major accidents where the pilot may get dispatched in some other zones far away
from the aircraft. Since all the GPS tracking systems are entirely dependent on the aircraft rather on
the pilot. The MIA pilots are difficult to track down within a short span of time and rescue them.
Mostly in case of ejection where in an highly extreme situation the pilots only choice is to get use of
the trigger button and despatched from the aircraft and get down into the land with the use of a inbuilt
parachute. Sometimes those types of landing and crashing might force down the life of a pilot in a
critical phase when they unknowingly reach the foreign land. As we are aware, many MIA pilots who
land in the foreign sand were prisoned and ruthlessly touched in order to gather any information to
dominate their position in warfare.
The suggested tracking gadget may eventually be transformed into a transponder that increases the
ground beacon's range of beaconing. The tracking component could adapt to read the position sent by
the subsurface beacon and follow its location in latitude and longitude. The beacon-following function
sacrifices some of its power to use more actuators and interpret positional data. In emergency
scenarios, this initiative shortens the time spent searching after an aircraft crash. A greater probability
of saving the victims is created by a shorter search period. Additionally, cutting down on the time
spent looking may increase chances of finding salvageable aircraft components. The gaps in the
aeroplane tracking system are one of the main issues that modern aircraft encounter. The loss of Flight
MH 17 prompted discussion on this issue. Tracking an aircraft gets challenging when it is travelling
over the ocean or the Polar Regions. The pilot begins High Frequency (HF) contact with the ground
servers while flying over the ocean or the Polar Regions. Despite there is no line of sight restriction
for these high frequencies, they are still shared. This is not useful. A method that is being designed to
solve this issue will operate on the premise of mounting receivers on satellite. Analog speech over
HF radio waves is the basis for conventional aviation communications. A satellite navigation system
integrated within the aircraft helps the technical team track every movement made from the base
station on a map. Since the GPS is within the aircraft, it may be challenging to determine the pilot's
present location in the event of an emergency, which could involve an ejection or an aircraft accident,
which could end up in the pilot being missing in action. We suggest a piece of hardware that, under
any circumstance, broadcasts the pilot's whereabouts in real time to the closest base station in order to
settle this problem. Using the KNN algorithm, this enables the rescue crew to locate the pilot quickly
and save him before they fall victim to any of the other overseas inhabitants. For the safety of the pilot
and also for the damage prevention of the proposed hardware, we integrate this hardware, which
consists of a transmitter, onto the top of a ballistic helmet, a piece of infantry equipment used in army.
 Proposed system
Alerting Copper detachment
System

Sensing detachment using contact sensor

Activation sensor gets triggered
Contact
sensor Destination
Search for the nearest base station using KNN algorithm in system
machine learning

Establish contact by alert notification

Activation Home land
sensor
Determining the current location

Voice or video confirmation

Base camp
transmitter Rescue operations

Responding system

Air rescue Sea rescue Ambulance Firefighter

Fig 5. Complete architectural and flow diagram of the proposed system.

2. Conclusion:

The GPS tracking ballistic system we proposed is to safeguard our air warriors from any kind of
ruthless action. It helps the air technical crew to locate the current position of pilot in no time when
there is a situation to face like air crash or ejection or an unexpected G-pull maneuver over the pilot.
This suggested method activates the hardware initially either manually or by the melt of copper wire
connected to it then send their exact location to the nearest base station thus helping the technical
crew for easy recovery of the MIA pilots in a short span of time. This saves the rescue operation time
and any information leak threat. Our future work focuses on the fully automatic decision making
unmanned aerial vehicle to avoid the death rate during war phrase.
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