Process Safety and Environmental Protection

LPG GAS DETECTION SENSOR

--Manuscript Draft--

Manuscript Number:

Article Type: Full Length Article

Keywords: LPG; Gas detection sensor; microcontroller; mobile application,integrated system

Corresponding Author: Varshni Ramakrishnan, B.Tech

Panimalar Engineering College
Chennai, Tamil Nadu INDIA

First Author: Varshni Ramakrishnan, B.Tech

Order of Authors: Varshni Ramakrishnan, B.Tech

Manuscript Region of Origin: Asia Pacific

Abstract: The escape of natural gas or any similar gaseous product in the environment where it
should not be actually present is referred to as gas leakage and this is hazardous to
the environment as well as the people around.. This poses a serious risk in the modern
world since a gas leak might cause hypoxia symptoms in enclosed places. These
symptoms, which are frequently reported in situations where there has been a severe
gas leak, include fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and flu-like symptoms. If there is a gas
leak while lighting the stove in the kitchen, it will result in a very serious situation for the
house as well as the people nearby.LPG gas detection sensor is used to spot gas
leaks in household appliances and prevent adverse consequences. The following
paper delivers an in-depth description of how a microcontroller connects the Gas
detection sensor and the person’s mobile application into one integrated system and
how an alert notifies the person when there is a gas leak is detected and automatically
calls the emergency fire service incase of a catastrophic gas leak.

Suggested Reviewers: P. Rajeshwari Kavin, ME, Phd

Assistant Professor, Panimalar Engineering College
rajkavi2008@gmail.com

Joshi A, ME, Phd

Pofessor, Panimalar Engineering College
joshiseeni.ai@gmail.com

Chakaravarthy S, ME, Phd

Pofessor, Panimalar Engineering College
chakaravarthi2603@gmail.com

Vivek C
Pofessor, Panimalar Engineering College
vksundar7@gmail.com

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Manuscript File

Declaration of interests

☒ The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships
that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

☒The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered
as potential competing interests:
Manuscript File Click here to view linked References

1
LPG GAS DETECTION SENSOR
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5 1
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T.Archanna
1.
7 UG Student, Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science, Panimalar Engineering
8 College, Bangalore trunk road, Ponamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
9 E-mail ID:archanna2004@gmail.com
10
11
2
12 R.R.Varshni
13 2.
UG Student, Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science, Panimalar Engineering
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College, Bangalore trunk road, Ponamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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16 E-mail ID:varshniramakrishnan19@gmail.com
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18 3
K.Thrisha
19 2.
20 UG Student, Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science, Panimalar Engineering
21 College, Bangalore trunk road, Ponamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
22 E-mail ID:thrishakrish76@gmail.com
23
24
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25 Dr. P.Rajeshwari
4.
26 Assistant Professor, Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science, Panimalar
27 Engineering College, Bangalore trunk road, Ponamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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29 E-mail ID:rajkavin2008@gmail.com
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35 ABSTRACT:
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38 The escape of natural gas or any similar gaseous product in the environment where it should not
39 be actually present is referred to as gas leakage and this is hazardous to the environment as well
40
41 as the people around.. This poses a serious risk in the modern world since a gas leak might cause
42 hypoxia symptoms in enclosed places. These symptoms, which are frequently reported in
43 situations where there has been a severe gas leak, include fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and flu-like
44
45
symptoms. If there is a gas leak while lighting the stove in the kitchen, it will result in a very
46 serious situation for the house as well as the people nearby.LPG gas detection sensor is used to
47 spot gas leaks in household appliances and prevent adverse consequences. The following paper
48 delivers an in-depth description of how a microcontroller connects the Gas detection sensor and
49
50 the person’s mobile application into one integrated system and how an alert notifies the person
51 when there is a gas leak is detected and automatically calls the emergency fire service incase of a
52 catastrophic gas leak.
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55 Keywords: LPG, Gas detection sensor, microcontroller, mobile application,integrated system
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 INTRODUCTION:
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3 Liquified Petroleum Gas(LPG) is used in every household to fulfil their day to day necessity. It is a fuel
4 gas which is a mixture of flammable elements such as hydrocarbon gases,specifically propane,
5 propylene, butylene, isobutane, and n-butane. But this gas can be very harmful to humans and can cause
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7 heavy damage to household materials and infrastructure. Lpg is utilised as a fuel for various purposes
8 such as in cooking equipment, heating devices, vehicles etc. A small leak of the gas is enough to spawn
9 an accident.
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12 Gas leakage leads to numerous damage and accidents causing both material loss and human loss.Based
13 on their physical characteristics, such as toxicity, flammability, etc, the risk of explosion, fire, and
14 asphyxia exists. The main reason for these kinds of leakage and explosion is because of subpar
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16 cylinders, outdated valves, worn-out regulators and improper handling of gas cylinders.
17 By offering a dependable and effective energy source, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) is widely used
18 in residential, commercial, and industrial settings, which unquestionably has enhanced our quality of
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life. However, the advantages of LPG are accompanied by possible safety risks since it is extremely
21 combustible and provides a large danger of leakage, which, if not swiftly recognised and treated, might
22 result in catastrophic incidents. The creation and application of LPG gas detection sensors have become
23 an essential technology in this area for protecting people and property.To prevent severe damage in this
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25 kind of situation, this paper proposes an LPG gas detection sensor using IoT . IoT has come to
26 prominence in the past few decades as one of the most significant 21st-century technologies
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Considered in the context of environmental protection, the significance of LPG gas detection sensors is
30 further highlighted. The effective identification and monitoring of LPG leaks can help reduce its impact
31 on the environment in light of growing worries about greenhouse gas emissions and air quality.
32 Additionally, the energy sector is constantly looking for methods to enhance the distribution and use of
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34 LPG, and gas sensors are essential to ensure the secure transit and storage of this valuable asset.
35 Persistent communication between people, processes, and things is now possible because of having the
36 capacity to connect commonplace items—such as household appliances, automobiles, thermostats, and
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baby monitors—to the internet via embedded devices.This sensor senses the leakage of the volatile
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39 substance(LPG) immediately. A mobile application is linked to the sensor so when the fuel leakage is
40 detected, it sends an alert to the person using this application so they get notified as to where the leakage
41 is and when it happened. This prevents major damage and accidents and ensures safety.
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44 RELATED WORKS:
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47 [1]The most common fuel used for heating, cooking, fuelling vehicles and a variety of other uses is
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liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Being a highly combustible gas, LPG leaks frequently result in serious
49
50 mishaps. The paper discusses an inventive technique for taking advantage of IoT to detect LP Gas leaks.
51 In this study, a smart electronic system is created that uses a web server to monitor the presence of
52 butane, natural gas, LP gas, temperature, humidity, and heat index. If a gas leak is discovered or any
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54 monitored parameters surpass the threshold value, this system can sound an alert and send an alarming
55 SMS to the appropriate authorities. It may prohibit exploration from commencing as a result of gas
56 leaks. This device incorporates a sensor array that measures key indicators for the presence and
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exploration of gas. The ESP8266 Wi-Fi chip on the NodeMCU development board serves as the
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59 controller unit. The sensor data can be fed into a NodeMCU, which imports them to a website that is
60 available via the internet from anywhere. The NodeMCU is linked to a 16*2 LCD for on-site display
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 of the sensor's value. A user may also send an SMS to inquire about the existence of gas. It is a low-
1 cost smart system powered by NodeMCU that can prevent accidents and leaks of gasoline.
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4 [2]Home fires have been occurring regularly, posing an increasing hazard to both human lives and
5 property in recent years. Since it is extremely flammable, liquid petroleum gas (LPG) can burn even
6 some distance away from the leak. The majority of fire incidents are brought on by a poor-quality rubber
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8 tube or by the failure to switch the regulator off when not in use. Therefore, creating a mechanism to
9 notify of gas leaks is crucial. In order to identify gas leaks and inform everyone on board, this study
10 provides a gas leakage alert system.
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13 [3]The Gas Leakage System is a remarkable autonomous gadget that can detect certain gases, such as
14 LPG, with the aid of a MQ-2 sensor and go to its intended location. It uses an Arduino-based system
15 design to check for and identify the necessary gases as well as carry out its intended activities precisely
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17 and accurately. The gas leakage system is composed of a straightforward electronics layout with a
18 straightforward mechanism that makes it simpler to carry out the required activities. It also uses less
19 power and draws less current as a result of its design specifications, allowing us to operate the system
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securely. Additionally, it increases the safety of both its surroundings and the people in them.
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23 [4]Leaks of domestic gas that cause deadly inferno have become a big issue in homes and other places
24 where household gas is utilised and handled. Gas leakage causes a number of incidents that cause both
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26 financial damage and human losses and injuries. The project intends to build a system that, in addition
27 to shutting off the gas supply valve as a main safety measure, detects gas leaks and warns those
28 concerned through alarm and status display. The supply valve is closed to prevent additional gas
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delivery to the cooker. The technology, which functions more like a first aid kit, immediately shuts off
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31 the gas valve using a usually closed solenoid valve before alerting nearby people visually and audibly.
32 As a result of the alarm ceasing to beep once the concentration of the gas in the environment after a
33 leak falls below the set point and the valve opening again for operations, the system is clever in that it
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35 does not cause annoyance by constantly sounding the alert. By reducing losses brought on by explosions
36 caused by gas leaks, this activity will also increase life safety. With industrial sector, gas powered
37 vehicles like CNG, LPG autos, gas leakage is a serious concern. Installing gas leakage detection kits in
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risky locations is one of the preventive measures to reduce accidents caused by gas leaks. The purpose
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40 of this study is to offer a design that can automatically find and stop gas leaks in premises that are
41 susceptible to them.
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44 [5]Innovative engineering solutions that are efficient, quick, and simple to use are crucial given the
45 increasing industrialization and technology breakthroughs. The increase in accidents caused by gas
46 leaks in coal mines, chemical plants, home appliances, etc. is one such area of worry. In this study,
47 utilising multimodal AI fusion approaches, we offer a unique method to detect and characterise gaseous
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49 emissions. Since most of the gases and their vapours lack any discernible colour, odour, or taste, they
50 provide a challenge to our five senses. Sensor fusion is necessary for robust and consistent detection in
51 a number of real-world applications since sensing based on a single sensor may not be precise. The 7-
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53 semiconductor gas sensor array and a thermal camera were the two particular sensors we used to
54 manually gather the 6400 gas samples (600 samples per class for four classes).
55 Applying the multimodal AI's early fusion approach The network design comprises an individual
56 modality feature extraction module, which is fused using a merged layer, followed by a dense layer,
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58 which yields a single output for gas identification. In comparison to individual model accuracies of 82%
59 (based on data from Gas Sensors using LSTM) and 93% (based on data from thermal pictures using
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 CNN model), we achieved testing accuracy of 96% (for fused model). Results show that the combined
1 performance of numerous sensors and modalities is superior to that of a single sensor.
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6 [6]Gas leaks are a major issue in homes and other places that utilise domestic gas, which is why the
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8 suggested gas leakage detection and monitoring system was created. There are several ways to make a
9 Gas Refill reservation, including online and telephone reservations. The scenario will be challenging
10 for someone who frequently cooks with LPG gas. This paper's goal is to provide a novel system that
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automatically books a cylinder when the gas is ready to run out by sending a notification to the gas
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13 company through wifi using an Internet of Things method. Additionally, sensors are utilised to find gas
14 leaks in homes. If a gas leak is automatically detected, an SMS will be sent to the user. One of the most
15 popular networks in use today is wifi. As a result, a load cell has been employed to continuously check
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17 the LPG gas's weight. The microcontroller is then supplied with the values. A notice will automatically
18 be sent to the gas firm to reserve the replacement cylinder if the gas in the cylinder displays a value
19 where the remaining percentage level is passed below the threshold level specified for gas to be
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indicated as becoming depleted. The consumer will then receive a reply message about the booking
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22 status. The gas company is also creating application software to notify and keep track of reservations.
23 By properly identifying gas leaks, this activity aids society and benefits both consumers and the business
24 should utilise IOT to automatically make gas reservations.
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26
27 [7]One of the necessities of daily living is LPG gas. The conversion from petroleum (kerosene) to LPG
28 is mandated by Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources directive number 1971/26/MEM/2007,
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issued May 22, 2007, in an effort to transition from the scarce natural resources of fossil energy to the
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31 more plentiful natural resources. LPG gas is quite combustible, though. Since LPG gas has begun
32 leaking, there have been several incidents. The cause might range from improper installation to the
33 usage of faulty gas cylinders. By creating a device that uses sensors attached to a NodeMCU, this study
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35 seeks to address this issue. Continuous area monitoring is done by the gadget.
36 A warning is then given to the user on an Android-based smartphone once NodeMCU receives data
37 from the gas sensor. Users will be able to prevent mishaps brought on by gas leaks with this gadget,
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allowing accidents to be prevented.
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41 PROPOSED SYSTEM
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44 With the objective to monitor and alert people of any potential gas leaks, a system for liquefied
45 petroleum gas (LPG) detection system is employed which primarily comprises a combination of
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sensors, data processing components, and alarm mechanisms. This system's purpose is to pinpoint LPG
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48 gas leaks and notify people or authorities in order to stop potential dangers like fires or explosions. The
49 gas leakage is detected by the sensor .You'll need a gas sensor made especially to find LPG gas. Gas
50 sensors come in a variety of forms, like the MQ series sensors, which are frequently used to detect LPG.
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52 Based on the gas concentration, these sensors can produce analog or digital output signals that measure
53 the air's gas concentration. In this proposed methodology we have used the MQ-2 gas sensor. This MQ-
54 2 gas sensor is linked with a microcontroller with wifi capability so that it can be connected to any
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device. The range of an MQ-2 sensor is 200 ppm to 10000 ppm.
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12 Fig 1. MQ-2 Sensor Fig2. NodeMCU
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The gas sensor is interfaced with and the output is processed using a microprocessor or microcontroller,
16 such as an Arduino,Raspberry Pi, NodeMCU. It analyses the sensor data to determine whether the gas
17 concentration is higher than a set threshold, which would suggest a possible leak. The LPG gas
18 concentration in the environment is represented by an analog or digital signal generated by the gas
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20 sensor. The microcontroller or microprocessor receives this signal and processes it. This information is
21 gathered periodically by the microcontroller. The sensor's output is compared by the microcontroller to
22 a predetermined threshold level. The sensitivity of the sensor and safety regulations are used to
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determine this threshold level. A probable gas leak is indicated when even a minor amount of gas
25 concentration is determined by the sensor. Every gas has a Lower Explosive Limit(LEL). LPG is a
26 mixture of propane and butane so the LEL for propane in the atmosphere is generally around 2.1% by
27 volume. And the LEL for butane is 1.8% by volume. The gas concentration below this value is detected
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29 by the sensor. The sensor reading sets off an alarm if the gas concentration is below this threshold
30 limit.This system sends notifications to a smartphone or other devices through Wi-F.
31 When a gas leak is detected, the system should activate an alarm to the authorised person. The gas
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detecting equipment being utilised, safety requirements, as well as other variables, determine the
34 threshold value to signal an extensive LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) leak in households which can
35 highly lead to an explosion or severe damage. The norm of standard is that a major leak occurs when
36 the airborne LPG concentration exceeds 10% of the lower explosive limit (LEL). This indicates that the
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38 gas leaked is highly susceptible to crucial explosive damage. When this concentration of LPG gas is
39 detected by the sensor , the system is configured in such a way that it automatically calls the emergency
40 fire station. This is very helpful in scenarios where the person isn't home and they are just aware of the
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gas leakage through the alarm notification and not aware of the degree of extensive gas leak. So rather
43 than them coming and finding out that it's too late for damage control, this is an efficient way to control
44 the critical effects as the fire station is automatically notified about the gas leakage so that they can
45 arrive at the location to control the adverse effects of the leak. When a gas leak is identified, a gas
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47 detection system must be embedded with a GPS-based service or disaster response system in order to
48 send the location to the fire department. Integrate a GPS module to the LPS gas detection system to
49 determine the location. The emergency fire control number is predefined. So when the gas leakage
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crosses the threshold value an alert notification is sent to the owner .This alert message should also
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52 comprise the GPS coordinates. To transform the Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates into a
53 human-readable address or geographical description, use a geolocation service or API. Automatically
54 produce an emergency notification to the neighbourhood fire department or the appropriate emergency
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56 authorities after the location data has been obtained and linked to the gas leak alarm. The location of
57 the gas leak and other important information should be included in this notification. So by this many
58 critical accidents can be prevented efficiently.
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 1
2 ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM
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44 Fig3.Flow diagram of the LPG Gas Detection System
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49 RESULT
50 Enhanced safety is this system's main outcome. The technology assists in reducing the risk of fires,
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52 explosions, and other gas-related incidents by promptly identifying gas leaks and informing the fire
53 department with specific location information. This may result in the safety of people and things. As
54 soon as a gas leak is discovered, the system notifies emergency personnel, greatly reducing the time it
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takes for them to respond. Rapid action and early identification can reduce the harm that gas leaks can
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 The gas detection system's users may rest easy knowing that in the event of a gas leak, the system will
1 send an automatic notification to the relevant authorities and also to the fire service when the value
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exceeds its maximum threshold. The implementation of this system is given below.
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16 Fig4.Assembly of the hardware
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19 When the sensor detects the smoke the application software sends an alert notification.
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Fig5.Alert in the app Fig 6.Notification of the detection
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37 CONCLUSION:
38 In conclusion, the proposed system is a crucial safety measure intended to safeguard lives, property,
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and the environment in the event of a gas-related emergency by providing location information to the
41 fire service when a gas leak is discovered. To respond to gas leaks quickly and effectively, this system
42 integrates gas detection technology with location-based services and quick communication.
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46 REFERENCES:
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48
49 [1] Suma V, Ramya R Shekar, Akshay Kumar A.” Gas Leakage Detection Based on IOT”.
50 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Electronics Communication and
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52 Aerospace Technology-IEEE Conference Record,[ICECA 2019].
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55 [2] Metta Santiputri, Muhammad Tio. “IoT-based Gas Leak Detection Device” at 978-1-
56 5386-8066-7/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE
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 [3] Narkhede, P.; Walambe, R.; Mandaokar, S.; Chandel, P.; Kotecha, K.; Ghinea, G. “Gas
1 Detection and Identification Using Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Based Sensor Fusion”.
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3 Appl. Syst. Innov. 2021, 4, 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi4010003
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6 [4] Kumar R, Singh N, Tripathi GK, Singh SP, Govindan A and Chavali M, et al. A Survey
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9 internationally peer-reviewed Publisher 2021.
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[5] Geeta Loshali, Rohit Basera, Lalit Darmwal and Sachin Varma.”Design &
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27 [8] Neha Chourasia, Papiha Ajmire, Saurabh Shambharkar, Shraddha Khobragade, Sanket
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[9] E. Jebamalar Leavline1, D. Asir Antony Gnana Singh, B. Abinaya H.Deepika.”LPG Gas
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38 [10] Nagib Mahfuz, Shawan Karmokar, Md. Ismail Hossain Rana.”A Smart Approach of
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LPG Monitoring and Detection System Using IoT” at 11th ICCCNT 2020 IIT - Kharagpur
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Manuscript File

LPG GAS DETECTION SENSOR

T.Archanna
1

UG Student, Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science, Panimalar

1.

Engineering College, Bangalore trunk road, Ponamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
E-mail ID:archanna2004@gmail.com

R.R.Varshni
2

UG Student, Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science, Panimalar Engineering

2.

College, Bangalore trunk road, Ponamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

E-mail ID:varshniramakrishnan19@gmail.com

K.Thrisha
3

UG Student, Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science, Panimalar Engineering

2.

College, Bangalore trunk road, Ponamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

E-mail ID:thrishakrish76@gmail.com

4
Dr. P.Rajeshwari
Assistant Professor, Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science, Panimalar
4.

Engineering College, Bangalore trunk road, Ponamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
E-mail ID:rajkavin2008@gmail.com