 Is the process by which supplemented oxygen is administered in

high concentration than that of atmospheric air.

 To relieve dyspnea
 To prevent hypoxemia and hypoxia
 To increase oxygenation in tissues.
 Severe respiratory distress
 Intra and post operatively
 Hypoxia and Hypoxemia
 Shock
 Severe Trauma
 Acute Myocardial Infarction

 Nasal
 Mask
 Cannula
 Tent
  Introduction of oxygen through the oropharynx
by means of a soft rubber tube with hole at the
end.

 the most common inexpensive low-flow device

used to administer ocxygen.

 consists of rubber or plastic tube that extends

around the face, with 0.6 – 1.3cm (1/4 -1/2 inch)
curved prongs that fit into the nostril.

 covers the client’s nose and mouth for

oxygen inhalation
  Oxygen supply
 Humidifier with sterile, distilled water or according to agency protocol
 “NO SMOKING” sign

A. CATHETER B. CANNULA
 Nasal Catheter  Nasal Cannula and Tubing
Children – French # 8 -10  Tape
Adult – French # 12 -14  Gauzes
 Tongue Depressor  Prescribed face mask fit for
 Flashlight the patient
 Safety pin  Padding for elastic band
 Plaster
 Consist of a rectangular, clear, plastic
canopy with outlets that connects to
an oxygen or compressed air source
and to a humidifier that moisturizes
the air or oxygen.

 Consists of a nebulizer with attached

tubing that connects with a canopy
to enclose the patient and contain
the humidifying mist.
 RATIONALE/ADDITIONAL
STEPS
INFORMATION

A. NASAL CATHETER

1. Measure the length of catheter to

be inserted by holding it
horizontally from the tip of the
nose to the earlobe.

2. Moisten the tip of the catheter

with water to facilitate easy
passage of the catheter.

3. Elevate the tip of the nose gently

until the mark on the catheter is
reached.

STEPS
4. Check if the catheter is in the
right position by depressing the
tongue. Use the flashlight for
better visualization.
5. Fasten the catheter to the side
of the patient’s face & drape it
over his ear.
RATIONALE/ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
The catheter should be behind the uvula
Pin the connecting tube on the pillow
case or back of the mattress. Some
models have a strap to adjust under the
chin.
 RATIONALE/ADDITIONAL
STEPS
INFORMATION

B. NASAL CANNULA
1. Put the cannula over client’s face,
with the outlet prongs fitting into
the nares & the elastic band around
the head.

2. If the cannula will not stay in

place, tape it at the sides of the
face.

3. Slip gauze pads under the tubing To prevent skin irritation.

over the cheekbones.
 STEPS RATIONALE/ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION

C. FACE MASK
1. Place the mask towards the
client’s face, & apply it from the
nose downward.

2. Apply the mask making sure that The mask should mold to the face, so
it fits to the contour of the that very little oxygen escapes into the
client’s face. eyes or around the cheeks.

3. Secure the elastic band around

the client’s head so that the
mask is comfortable but snug.

4. Pad the band behind the ears &

over the bony prominences.
 STEPS RATIONALE/ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
5.Make the client comfortable

6. Fill out oxygen slip taped to oxygen tank

a. Assess the client’s level of anxiety, color,

ease of respirations, & provide support
while the client adjusts to the cannula.

b. Assess the client in 15-30minutes,

Assess vital signs, color, breathing patterns,
depending on the client’s condition, &
& chest movements.
regularly thereafter.

c. Assess the client regularly for signs of

Obtain arterial blood gas results, if they are
hypoxia, tachycardia, confusion,
available.
dypsnea, restlessness, & cyanosis.
 STEPS
NASAL CATHETER
Assess the client’s nares for
encrustations & irritations. Apply a
water soluble lubricant as required.
RATIONALE/ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
Change catheter every 8 hours as necessary.
Water soothes the mucous membrane.

FACE MASK
Inspect the facial skin frequently for
dampness or chafing, & dryness & treat
it as needed.

INSPECT THE EQUIPMENT ON A

REGULAR BASIS:
Check the liter flow & the level of
water in the humidifier in 30 minutes &
whenever providing care to the client.
 STEPS RATIONALE/ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
INSPECT THE EQUIPMENT ON A REGULAR
BASIS:
 Check the liter flow & the level of Change catheter every 8 hours as
water in the humidifier in 30 minutes & necessary. Water soothes the mucous
whenever providing care to the client. membrane.

 Maintain the level of water in empty

humidifier, rinse, & fill the
humidifier. with distilled or tap water
every 24 hours.

 Make sure that safety precautions are

being followed.
Oxygen Therapy via Nasal Cannula Video
-A device that measures how deeply you can inhale
(breathe in). It helps you take slow, deep breaths to
expand and fill your lungs with air. This helps prevent
lung problems, such as pneumonia.
-Is made up of a breathing tube, an air chamber, and an
indicator.
-Most commonly used after surgery. People who are at
an increased risk of airway or breathing problems may
also use one. These include people who smoke or have
lung disease. This may also include people who are not
active or cannot move well.
 1. Volume-oriented
Incentive Spirometry
(VIS)

2. Flow-oriented Incentive
Spirometry (FIS)

 Both VIS and FIS are used to encourage the patient to inhale to lung
capacity through maximal inspiration aided with visual feedback
1. Sit up as straight as possible.
2. Do not bend your head forward or backward. Hold
the incentive spirometer in an upright position.
3. Place the target pointer to the level that you need
to reach.
4. Exhale (breathe out) normally and then do
the following:
a. Put the mouthpiece in your mouth and close your
lips tightly around it. Do not block the mouthpiece
with your tongue.
b. Inhale slowly and deeply through the mouthpiece
to raise the indicator. Try to make the indicator
rise up to the level of the goal marker.
c. When you cannot inhale any longer, remove the mouthpiece
and hold your breath for at least 3 seconds.
d. Exhale normally.
e. Repeat these steps 10 to 12 times every hour when you
are awake, or as often as directed.
f. Clean the mouthpiece with soap and water after each use. Do
not use a disposable mouthpiece for longer than 24 hours.
g. Keep a log of the highest level you are able to reach each time
This will help healthcare providers see if your lung function
improves.
 a device that is used to quickly and
easily monitors a person’s oxygen
saturation
 It can measure the level of oxygen within
the blood specifically in arterial blood
without using invasive means.
 it provides a heart rate measurement as well.
 Check doctors’ order
 Explain the procedure to the client
 Obtain equipment
 Assess potential sensor for quality or circulation, edema,
tremor, restlessness, nail polish, or artificial nails
 Review the medical history for data indicating vascular or other
pathology, such as anemia or carbon monoxide inhalation.
 Checked prescribed medications for vasoconstrictive effects.
 Determine how much the client understands about pulse oximetry,
 Wash hand or perform hand antisepsis with an alcohol.
 Position the sensor so that the light emission is directly opposite
the sensor.
 Attach the sensor cable to the machine. Observe the numeric
display, audible sounds & waveform on the machine.
 Set the alarms for saturation level and pulse rate according to
the manufacturer’s directions.
 Move an adhesive finger sensor if the finger becomes pale, swollen, or
cold: remove and reapply a spring-tension every 2hours.
 Document the following:
a. Abnormal oxygen saturation measurements when they
are sustained.
b. Nursing measure to improve oxygenation if oxygen saturation
levels fall below 90% & are prolonged.
c. Removal & relocation of sensor.
d. Condition of skin at sensor site.

NOTE:
 Sites where sensor is best applied:
1. finger
2. Toe
3. Earlobe
4. Bridge of the nose
 Normal Value of SpO2: 95% - 100%
 Factors Cause Remedy
Movement of the Tremor, Relocate sensor to other site.
sensor restlessness, loss of
adhesions
Poor Circulation Peripheral vascular  Change sensor location or type of
disease, edema, sensor
tourniquet effect  Loosen or change sensor location
from tape sensor,  Discontinue use temporarily
vasoconstrictive
drug effect.

Barrier to light Nail polish, thick  Remove polish

toenails  Relocate sensor

Extraneous light Direct sunlight,  Cover sensor with towel

treatment light

Hemoglobin Carbon monoxide  Discontinue use temporarily

saturation with poisoning
other substances
PERFORMING
PERCUSSION & VIBRATION
 a manual technique which involves clapping of the chest and/or back to
loosen the thick, sticky mucus from the sides of the lungs. This will
enable the secretions to move into the larger airway when you take deep
breaths so that you are able to cough and clear the secretions effectively.
 let the patient do purse lip breathing
 involves rhythmically striking the chest wall with cupped hands. It is also
called cupping or clapping.
 purpose of percussion is to break up thick secretions
in the lungs so they can more easily be removed.
 performed on each lung segment for one to two
minutes at a time.
 any dullness or hyper-resonance is indicative of
lung pathology, such as pleural effusion or
pneumothorax, respectively.
 it is done after percussion and you should vibrate
towards the carina. Be sure to have the patient
inhale and then perform the vibration while they are
exhaling.
 these are massage techniques in which tissues are
pressed and released in an up and down movement.
It creates a vibrating and shaking motion onto the
muscles that can be perfomed in a soothing or
stimulating way
 Neuropathic pain-

2. Low back pain-

3. Heel lance pain among neonates-

4. Muscle
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
 PERFORMING
POSTURAL DRAINAGE
AND
STEAM INHALATION
 It is a form of Airway Clearance Therapy that involves
placing the patient’s body in various positions in
order to drain secretions from the lung segments into
the central airways using gravity. From there, the
secretions can be removed via cough or suctioning.
Pathological & Physiological
Breath Sounds Video
 is an instrument used to help a patient to breathe when they are
unable to breathe on their own

 -uses a mechanical respirator to deliver a controlled pressure of a

gas to assist in ventilation or expansion of the lungs, thereby
providing an increased tidal volume for patients with a variety of
pulmonary conditions.
 -IPPB machines are also used for the delivery of aerosol
medications.

 -the provision of air under pressure by a mechanical respirator,

a machine designed to improve the exchange of air between the
lungs and the atmosphere.
 Barotrauma — a well-known complication of positive
pressure ventilation. Consequences include pneumothorax,
subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and
pneumoperitoneum.

 Barotrauma -A complication resulting from damage to the

lungs by pressure due to mechanical ventilation, sudden
decompression valsava manuever or blast injury.
THANK YOU!!!