Isabella Morgan, Swera Patel, Vivian Wang & Douglas Jenson

24 October 2023
Block: 2
Can you make 2.00 g of a Compound?

Purpose: Use your skills of predicting chemical reactions, balancing equations, and predicting
precipitates to solve a complex stoichiometry problem. Then test your laboratory techniques by
mixing the reactants and isolating exactly 2.00 g of a compound.

Substances Given: Zinc Sulfate Heptahydrate (ZnSO₄ • 7H₂O) & Sodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃)

Pre-Lab Exercise:
1. Write a complete word equation listing the names of the assigned reactants and the
predicted products.

Answer: Zinc (II) Sulfate Heptahydrate (aq) + Sodium Carbonate (aq) → Zinc (II)
Carbonate (s) + Sodium Sulfate (aq) + Water(l)

2. Write a balanced formula equation for your double displacement reaction. Predict which
compound will form a precipitate and indicate this in the equation using the symbol, (s),
following the chemical formula.

Answer: ZnSO₄ • 7H₂O (aq) + Na₂CO₃ (aq) → ZnCO₃ (s) + Na₂SO₄ (aq) + 7H₂O (l)

3. Use dimensional analysis to determine the mass of each reactant required to make 2.00
grams of your precipitate.

Answer: 2.00 g ZnCO₃ x (1 mol / 125.4 g) = 0.0159 moles ZnCO₃

0.0159 mol ZnCO₃ x (11 mol Na₂CO₃ / 1 mol ZnCO₃) x (105.99 g Na₂CO₃ / 1 mol Na₂CO₃) = 1.69 g
Na₂CO₃
0.0159 mol ZnCO₃ x (1 mol ZnSO₄ • 7H₂O / 1 mol ZnCO₃) x (287.58 g ZnSO₄ • 7H₂O / 1
mol) = 4.57 g ZnSO₄ • 7H₂O

Molar Mass (ZnCO₃): 65.38 g + 12.01 g + 3(16.00 g) 125.4 g/mol

Molar Mass (ZnSO₄ • 7H₂O): 65.38 g + 32.06 g + 4(16.00 g) + 7(18.02 g) = 287.58
g/mol
Molar Mass (Na₂CO₃): 2(22.99 g) + 12.01 g + 3(16.00 g) = 105.99 g/mol

4. Prepare a procedure sheet for this lab including the pre - lab calculations #1 - 3. The
procedure will be written as a flow chart for completing this experiment. Below in Figure
 1 you will find the set - up for your equipment. Turn in your procedure sheet including
flow chart, index card with data and results tables, specific for your reactants and
products for your pre - lab assignment.

Figure 1: How to Set Up a Vacuum Filtration

Aspirator screws onto faucet. The flow of water through the aspirator creates a partial vacuum in
the flask.

Materials List:
● Mass
● Filter Paper
● Weigh Boat
● Stir Rod
● Beakers (x2)
● Buchner Funnel
● Rubber Stopper
● Ring Stand
● Ring Clamp
● Filter Flask
● Scoopula
● Vacuum line
● Water Inlet
● Watch Glass
● Water Outlet
● Aspirator
● Distilled Water
● Na₂CO₃ (Sodium Carbonate)
● ZnSO₄ • 7H₂O (Zinc Sulfate Heptahydrate)
Behavioral Safety:
● Be calm and follow directions perfectly without deviating.
● If something goes wrong, maintain composure.
● No jokes or jabs. They can cause someone to drop dangerous chemicals.
● Most importantly focus on the task at hand, distractions can be dangerous.
● Review directions before the lab and have a plan of action.
● Move slowly and methodically.
● Never leave a substance alone or work alone.
● Make sure to report any accident to the instructor or teacher.
● Do not touch anything unless instructed to.
● Make sure to take care of equipment and clean it if used.
● Know what to do in case of any emergency

Equipment Safety:
● Carry glassware carefully to avoid breakage.
● Notify Mr. Jones if any glass breaks.
● When measuring on a balance make sure to zero out the weight for measuring in a
container.
● Rinse glassware with distilled water before use.
● Clean glassware after use.
● Examine glassware before each use. Never use chipped, cracked, or dirty glassware.
● Report damaged electrical equipment immediately.
● Do not use damaged electrical equipment.
● Ask Mr. Jones if you need help understanding how to use a piece of equipment.
● Turn off and unplug balance when finished using.
● Never carry a flask by the neck.
● Always be careful around an open flame.
● Do not put your hand too close to the bunsen burner when doing a flame test.

Chemical Safety:
General:
● Do not put substances in one’s mouth, or ingest them in any way.
● Do not smell substances directly, instead, waft the smell with your hand.
● Handle all substances with extreme caution and care.
● Do not mix substances without permission from Mr. Jones
● Keep flammable materials away from any flames or sources of ignition.
● Once chemical substances are removed from their original container, they are
considered contaminated and should be disposed of in proper containers.
 ● While transporting dangerous chemicals, such as acids, hold away from oneself.
● Be sure to check labels twice before using chemicals.
● Under no circumstances should chemicals be taken away from the lab station.
● If substances are inhaled, remove to fresh air and get medical attention.
● If substances are ingested, get medical attention immediately.
● If substances contact the eye, wash in the eye wash station using plenty of water.
● Carcinogenic substances should not be inhaled under any circumstances.

Zinc Sulfate Heptahydrate (ZnSO₄ • 7H₂O)

● The compounds selected for this experiment have low to moderate toxicity, but
avoid breathing the dust or getting any in eyes or on skin. Zinc sulfate is a skin
and mucous membrane irritant and is mildly toxic.
● Wear chemical splash goggles and chemical-resistant aprons.
● Rinse immediately with water
● Seek medical help
● Wash immediately if chemical comes into contact
● Do NOT ingest the chemical compound
● Do NOT inhale directly

Sodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃)

● Wear chemical splash goggles and chemical-resistant aprons.
● Rinse immediately with water
● Seek medical help
● Wash immediately if chemical comes into contact
● Do NOT ingest the chemical compound
● Do NOT inhale directly

Water (H₂O)
● Do NOT ingest the chemical compound
● Do NOT inhale directly
Flow Chart Procedure:
 Data Table:

Mass of Filter Paper and Watch Glass Before (g) 21.66 grams

Mass of Filter Paper and Watch Glass + Precipitate Wet (g) 33.80 grams

Mass of Filter Paper and Watch Glass + Precipitate Wet (After Day 1) (g) 25.56 grams

Mass of Filter Paper and Watch Glass + Precipitate Dry (Final Day) (g) 23.12 grams

Mass of Precipitate (g) 1.46 grams

Observations:

- Both aqueous solutions began as clear liquids (transparent) - no strong odors

- Precipitate: Cloudy, white, chunky, smelly solution “flem”
- Precipitation took a long time to fully settle. Roughly 10 minutes
- The vacuum filtration trial was ran once, as it was successful the first time

Results Table:

Percent Error (%): 27.0%

Sample Calculations:

Percent Error:

( | 1.46 g - 2.00 g | / 2.00 g ) * 100 = 27.0 %

Mass of Precipitate:

23.12 g - 21.66 g = 1.46 grams of precipitate

(All calculations for necessary amounts/measurements included in prelab exercise)