JAWAHAR NAVODAYA.

VIDYALAYA
BARO,KENDRAPARA

NAME-: PREET PIYUSH DAS

CLASS-: XII

ROLL NO.-:

SUBJECT-: CHEMISTRY

TOPIC-: INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON

FERTILISERS

SUBMITTED TO-: MR. G.S.SAHOO SIR

 CERTIFICATE
It is here by to certify that, the
original and genuine investigation work
has been carried out to investigate about
the subject matter and related data
collection and investigation has been
completed solely, sincerely and
satisfactorily by-: PREET PIYUSH DAS
of class xii of JNV Baro, Kendrapara
regarding his project titled.
“INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON
FERTILIZATION”

SIGNATURE OF SUB TR.-:

SIGNATURE OF PRINCIPAL-:
SIGNATURE OF EXAMINER-:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am equally grateful to my teacher MR. GOURI
SHANKAR SAHOO .He gave me moral support
and guided me in different matters regarding the
topic. He had been very kind and patient while
suggesting me the outlines of this project and
correcting my doubts. I thank him for overall
support.
Last but not the least I would like to thank my
parents and my friends who helped me a lot in
gathering different information, collecting data and
guiding me from time to time in making this project.
Despite their busy schedule, they gave me
different ideas in making this project unique.
Thank you
PREET PIYUSH DAS
 Purpose
To grow healthy crops full of nutrients, farmer need
to ensure they have healthy soil, Without fertilizers
nature struggles to replenish the nutrients in the soil.
A balanced nutrient supply from soil is the
foundation to help large population avoid nutrient
deficiency related health problems.
 CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 AIM
 THEORY
 CLASSIFICATION OF FERTILIZERS
 MAIN CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS
 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGE

 TEACHER’S REMARK
 INTRODUCTION

Fertilization increases efficiency and obtain better

quality of product recovery in agricultural activities. It is
one of the most important ways. Non-organic fertilizers
mainly contain phosphate, nitrate, ammonium and
potassium salt. Fertilizer industry is considered to be
source of natural radionuclides and heavy metals as a
potential source. It contains a large majority of heavy
metals like Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cu, Ni and Cu; Natural
radionuclides like U, Th and Po.
Fertilization may affect the accumulation of heavy
metals in soil and plant system. Plant absorb the fertilizers
through the soil, they can enter the food chain. Thus,
fertilization leads to water, soil and air pollution.
 Aim
The goal of research and fertilizer rate is to
determine the amount of fertilizer needed to
achieve a commercial craft yield with sufficient
quality that is economically acceptable for
grower.
 THEORY
Fertilizer is that substance which is used to make soil more fertile
such as manure mixture of nitrates. It is applied to the soil or to the plant
tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of
plants. Hence, we can say in other words that the fertilizers are the
chemical substances which are directly respondent for the substantial
growth of plants and crops and being supplier the nutrients in the form
of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium etc. and keep the soil fertile.
The goal of research on fertilizer rate is to determine the amount of
fertilizer needed to achieve a commercial crop yield with sufficient
quality that is economically acceptable for the grower.
Fertilizers enhance the growth of plants. This goal is met in two
ways, the traditional one being additives that provides nutrients. The
second mode by which some fertilizers act is to enhance the
effectiveness of the soil by modifying it’s water retention and aeration.
 Classification of fertilizers
The fertilizers are classified on the basis of the nature of
nutrient elements like nitrogen Phosphorus, potassium present
chemically in the compounds. There are various nitrogenous
chemical fertilizers like ammonium sulphate, calcium
ammonium nitrate, basic calcium nitrate, calcium cyanamide,
urea etc. Obviously these fertilizers supply nitrogen to the soil.
Similarly there are various phosphatic chemical fertilizers like
super phosphate of lime, triple super phosphate etc. and potash
chemical fertilizers like potassium chloride, potassium nitrate,
potassium sulphate etc. Thus phosphatic and potash chemical
fertilizers supply Phosphorus and potassium to the soil
respectively.
There are also some chemical fertilizers of different
composition like that of nitrogen Phosphorus fertilizers in which
nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers are mixed up in definite
and proper ratio.
 The fertilizers like dehydrogenate ammoniated phosphate,
calcium superphosphate etc. are NP fertilizers. Sometimes in
NPK fertilizers are composed to supply nitrogen and potassium
all simultaneously to the soil
Main chemical fertilizers :
 Ammonium sulphate: this is a nitrogenous fertilizer which
is used for the raising of production level of crops like paddy,
potato etc. in this fertilizer there is nearly 25% ammonia
which is transformed in to the nitrate by the denitrifying
bacteria present in the alkaline soil. Thus these nitrates are
easily absorbed by the crops and the plants. The fertilizer is
produced in India at large scale at Sindri in Jharkhand.
 Calcium ammonium nitrate : This is also a
nitrogenous fertilizer in who is the amount of nitrogen
is about 20 which is directly observed by the plants. On
mixing it in the soil no any side effect appears in the
soil and due to the extreme solubility in water it is
easily intermixed in the soil.
 Super phosphate of lime : This is a homogenous
mixture of calcium hydrogenate phosphate[CaH2(PO4)2]
and gypsum[CaSO4.2H2O] in which 16 to 20% P2OS
exist. The reactive component of this fertilizer is
calcium hydrogenate phosphate which is soluble in
water. Another phosphatic fertilizer to triple super
phosphate of lime which is also used on the behalf of
super phosphate of lime and it is prepared by the micro
powder of bones.
 Urea : This is obtained by heating the mixture of
carbon dioxide at 125-150oC and at 8.t atmospheric
pressure. In urea there is nearly 46% Nitrogen and this
fertilizer is used during introducing the seed into soil
but the fertilizer is never brought in contact of seed.
After spreading urea on soil, water is supplied 3-4 days
late.
 Calcium cyanamide : This is also called Nitrolim
and it is basically a nitrogenous fertilizer which is
supplied in the market as a mixture of [Ca(CN)2]and
carbon. This fertilizer is used before introducing seed in
to soil but never used for growth purpose of crops.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDy
The study is beneficial to :

 FARMER AND GARDENERS : The benefit of this study

will help them to improve the quality of their work and get a
higher profit
 ENVIRONMENT : This study will help our environment by
helping the soil and plants to sustain their needs and provide
the essential nutrients required for optimum growth.
 AGRO COMPANY : This study will help them to give
a good service to their customers by giving them a high
and good quality product.
 COMMUNITY : It help the community to sense this as
a source of income if made into a business.

Advantages
 It increases crop yield and improves poor quality
land.

 Manure improves soil texture, recycles, nitrogen

and introduces essential bacteria.
 Pasture is improved so animal fatten up quicker.

 Once marshland is drained, fertilizers can help

reclaim that land for pasture.

 Crops grow faster, particularly when hybrid

seeds are used.
 Disadvantages
 Fertilizers are costly.

 Their addition can have harmful effects on the soil

such as soil acidification persistence of toxic
organic compounds and accumulation.

 Continuous use of fertilizers in an area can

destroy soil fertility because the organic matter in
the soil is not replenished.

 The use of fertilizers on a global scale emits

significant quantities of green house gas into the
atmosphere.
THANK
YOU